mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SOMA: Solving Optical Marker-Based MoCap Automatically

arXiv 2110.04431 ↗First posted 9 Oct 2021cs.CV cs.GRcited by 30

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Abstract (arXiv)

Marker-based optical motion capture (mocap) is the "gold standard" method for acquiring accurate 3D human motion in computer vision, medicine, and graphics. The raw output of these systems are noisy and incomplete 3D points or short tracklets of points. To be useful, one must associate these points with corresponding markers on the captured subject; i.e. "labelling". Given these labels, one can then "solve" for the 3D skeleton or body surface mesh. Commercial auto-labeling tools require a specific calibration procedure at capture time, which is not possible for archival data. Here we train a novel neural network called SOMA, which takes raw mocap point clouds with varying numbers of points, labels them at scale without any calibration data, independent of the capture technology, and requiring only minimal human intervention. Our key insight is that, while labeling point clouds is highly ambiguous, the 3D body provides strong constraints on the solution that can be exploited by a learning-based method. To enable learning, we generate massive training sets of simulated noisy and ground truth mocap markers animated by 3D bodies from AMASS. SOMA exploits an architecture with stacked self-attention elements to learn the spatial structure of the 3D body and an optimal transport layer to constrain the assignment (labeling) problem while rejecting outliers. We extensively evaluate SOMA both quantitatively and qualitatively. SOMA is more accurate and robust than existing state of the art research methods and can be applied where commercial systems cannot. We automatically label over 8 hours of archival mocap data across 4 different datasets captured using various technologies and output SMPL-X body models. The model and data is released for research purposes at https://soma.is.tue.mpg.de/.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Oct 2021.

Builds on

18 of 62 references.

References · 18

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  4. 2019PyTorch: An Imperative Style, High-Performance Deep Learning Librarycited by 20,160
  5. 2015Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shiftcited by 6,979
  6. 2016PointNet: Deep Learning on Point Sets for 3D Classification and Segmentationcited by 5,223
  7. 2017PointNet++: Deep Hierarchical Feature Learning on Point Sets in a Metric Spacecited by 4,384
  8. 2017Non-local Neural Networkscited by 2,290
  9. 2019Expressive Body Capture: 3D Hands, Face, and Body from a Single Imagecited by 1,600
  10. 2019SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networkscited by 1,437
  11. 2019AMASS: Archive of Motion Capture as Surface Shapescited by 1,208
  12. 2018Computational Optimal Transportcited by 765
6 more
  1. 2015Multi-view Convolutional Neural Networks for 3D Shape Recognitioncited by 564
  2. 2020GRAB: A Dataset of Whole-Body Human Grasping of Objectscited by 397
  3. 2018Total Capture: A 3D Deformation Model for Tracking Faces, Hands, and Bodiescited by 239
  4. 2020MoVi: A Large Multipurpose Motion and Video Datasetcited by 58
  5. 2016Robust 3D Hand Pose Estimation in Single Depth Images: from Single-View CNN to Multi-View CNNscited by 29
  6. 2019Auto-labelling of Markers in Optical Motion Capture by Permutation Learningcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 6; 2024: 6; 2025: 9; 2026: 7.

30 papers.

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  1. 2021SmoothNet: A Plug-and-Play Network for Refining Human Poses in Videoscited by 64
  2. 2022FLAG: Flow-based 3D Avatar Generation from Sparse Observationscited by 54
  3. 2023Digital Life Project: Autonomous 3D Characters with Social Intelligencecited by 43
  4. 2025AnimateAnyMesh: A Feed-Forward 4D Foundation Model for Text-Driven Universal Mesh Animationcited by 31
  5. 2024HMD-Poser: On-Device Real-time Human Motion Tracking from Scalable Sparse Observationscited by 22
  6. 2025BEDLAM2.0: Synthetic Humans and Cameras in Motioncited by 21
  7. 2023SparsePoser: Real-time Full-body Motion Reconstruction from Sparse Datacited by 20
  8. 2024Ultra Inertial Poser: Scalable Motion Capture and Tracking from Sparse Inertial Sensors and Ultra-Wideband Rangingcited by 18
  9. 2023HMD-NeMo: Online 3D Avatar Motion Generation From Sparse Observationscited by 17
  10. 2025PRIMAL: Physically Reactive and Interactive Motor Model for Avatar Learningcited by 13
  11. 2024SIMS: Simulating Stylized Human-Scene Interactions with Retrieval-Augmented Script Generationcited by 12
  12. 2025From Sparse Signal to Smooth Motion: Real-Time Motion Generation with Rolling Prediction Modelscited by 11
18 more
  1. 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 6
  2. 2023A Locality-based Neural Solver for Optical Motion Capturecited by 5
  3. 2024RoMo: A Robust Solver for Full-body Unlabeled Optical Motion Capturecited by 5
  4. 2024DragPoser: Motion Reconstruction from Variable Sparse Tracking Signals via Latent Space Optimizationcited by 3
  5. 2024Towards Unstructured Unlabeled Optical Mocap: A Video Helps!cited by 2
  6. 2026NymeriaPlus: Enriching Nymeria Dataset with Additional Annotations and Datacited by 2
  7. 2026RoMo: A Large-Scale, Richly Organized Dataset and Semantic Taxonomy for Human Motion Generationcited by 2
  8. 2025MMCM: Multimodality-aware Metric using Clustering-based Modes for Probabilistic Human Motion Predictioncited by 1
  9. 2023A Light-Weight Contrastive Approach for Aligning Human Pose Sequencescited by 0
  10. 2023Noise-in, Bias-out: Balanced and Real-time MoCap Solvingcited by 0
  11. 2025BiomechGPT: Extending Motion-Language Models to Clinical Motion Understandingcited by 0
  12. 2025L-SR1: Learned Symmetric-Rank-One Preconditioningcited by 0
  13. 2025End-to-End Motion Capture from Rigid Body Markers with Geodesic Losscited by 0
  14. 2026Garment Inertial Denoiser (GID): Endowing Accurate Motion Capture via Loose IMU Denoisercited by 0
  15. 2026DexterCap: An Affordable and Automated System for Capturing Dexterous Hand-Object Manipulationcited by 0
  16. 2026Human Pose Estimation in Trampoline Gymnastics: How to Improve Performance on Extreme Posescited by 0
  17. 2026Map-Mono-Ego: Map-Grounded Global Human Pose Estimation from Monocular Egocentric Videocited by 0
  18. 2026DirtyMoCap: Robust Motion Capture from Unconstrained Markerscited by 0