Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL): A Survey and Open Problems
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Abstract (arXiv)
The combination of Reinforcement Learning (RL) with deep learning has led to a series of impressive feats, with many believing (deep) RL provides a path towards generally capable agents. However, the success of RL agents is often highly sensitive to design choices in the training process, which may require tedious and error-prone manual tuning. This makes it challenging to use RL for new problems, while also limits its full potential. In many other areas of machine learning, AutoML has shown it is possible to automate such design choices and has also yielded promising initial results when applied to RL. However, Automated Reinforcement Learning (AutoRL) involves not only standard applications of AutoML but also includes additional challenges unique to RL, that naturally produce a different set of methods. As such, AutoRL has been emerging as an important area of research in RL, providing promise in a variety of applications from RNA design to playing games such as Go. Given the diversity of methods and environments considered in RL, much of the research has been conducted in distinct subfields, ranging from meta-learning to evolution. In this survey we seek to unify the field of AutoRL, we provide a common taxonomy, discuss each area in detail and pose open problems which would be of interest to researchers going forward.
Key facts. Cited by 69 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 165 of its 269 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2022.
Builds on
165 of 269 references.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 16; 2023: 19; 2024: 15; 2025: 8; 2026: 11.
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- 2023Discovering Attention-Based Genetic Algorithms via Meta-Black-Box Optimizationcited by 33
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- 2026Mahalanobis-Guided Latent OOD Detection for Hybrid ES-DRL Control in Time-Varying Systems9 Jun 2026
- 2026Position: Deployed Reinforcement Learning should be Continual1 Jun 2026
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- 2026Log2Motion: Biomechanical Motion Synthesis from Touch Logs28 Jan 2026
- 2025Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Algorithm Configuration: A Case Study on Optimizing OneMax with the (1+(λ,λ))-GA3 Dec 2025
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