DialFact: A Benchmark for Fact-Checking in Dialogue
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Abstract (arXiv)
Fact-checking is an essential tool to mitigate the spread of misinformation and disinformation. We introduce the task of fact-checking in dialogue, which is a relatively unexplored area. We construct DialFact, a testing benchmark dataset of 22,245 annotated conversational claims, paired with pieces of evidence from Wikipedia. There are three sub-tasks in DialFact: 1) Verifiable claim detection task distinguishes whether a response carries verifiable factual information; 2) Evidence retrieval task retrieves the most relevant Wikipedia snippets as evidence; 3) Claim verification task predicts a dialogue response to be supported, refuted, or not enough information. We found that existing fact-checking models trained on non-dialogue data like FEVER fail to perform well on our task, and thus, we propose a simple yet data-efficient solution to effectively improve fact-checking performance in dialogue. We point out unique challenges in DialFact such as handling the colloquialisms, coreferences and retrieval ambiguities in the error analysis to shed light on future research in this direction.
Key facts. Cited by 62 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Oct 2021.
Builds on
48 of 62 references.
References · 48
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36 more
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- 2021Get Your Vitamin C! Robust Fact Verification with Contrastive Evidencecited by 225
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- 2020HoVer: A Dataset for Many-Hop Fact Extraction And Claim Verificationcited by 201
- 2021FEVEROUS: Fact Extraction and VERification Over Unstructured and Structured informationcited by 167
- 2019Towards Debiasing Fact Verification Modelscited by 143
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- 2019Fine-grained Fact Verification with Kernel Graph Attention Networkcited by 105
- 2019GEAR: Graph-based Evidence Aggregating and Reasoning for Fact Verificationcited by 100
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- 2019Automatic Fact-guided Sentence Modificationcited by 28
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 13; 2023: 21; 2024: 10; 2025: 9; 2026: 8.
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- 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 341
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- 2021Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Modelscited by 256
- 2023WiCE: Real-World Entailment for Claims in Wikipediacited by 120
- 2022FaithDial: A Faithful Benchmark for Information-Seeking Dialoguecited by 109
- 2023Generating Benchmarks for Factuality Evaluation of Language Modelscited by 105
- 2024Foundational Autoraters: Taming Large Language Models for Better Automatic Evaluationcited by 74
- 2023WikiChat: Stopping the Hallucination of Large Language Model Chatbots by Few-Shot Grounding on Wikipediacited by 67
- 2025Evaluating LLM-based Agents for Multi-Turn Conversations: A Surveycited by 57
- 2025Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 49
- 2022Missing Counter-Evidence Renders NLP Fact-Checking Unrealistic for Misinformationcited by 45
38 more
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- 2022InstructDial: Improving Zero and Few-shot Generalization in Dialogue through Instruction Tuningcited by 39
- 2023Diving Deep into Modes of Fact Hallucinations in Dialogue Systemscited by 32
- 2023FactCHD: Benchmarking Fact-Conflicting Hallucination Detectioncited by 29
- 2022Faithfulness in Natural Language Generation: A Systematic Survey of Analysis, Evaluation and Optimization Methodscited by 27
- 2023Fast and Accurate Factual Inconsistency Detection Over Long Documentscited by 23
- 2023Improving Factual Consistency for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems via Knowledge Enhancement and Alignmentcited by 19
- 2024Towards Rationality in Language and Multimodal Agents: A Surveycited by 16
- 2024A synthetic data approach for domain generalization of NLI modelscited by 15
- 2023Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Dialogue Analysiscited by 14
- 2024ANAH-v2: Scaling Analytical Hallucination Annotation of Large Language Modelscited by 14
- 2023With a Little Push, NLI Models can Robustly and Efficiently Predict Faithfulnesscited by 13
- 2023CLEVA: Chinese Language Models EVAluation Platformcited by 13
- 2022CDConv: A Benchmark for Contradiction Detection in Chinese Conversationscited by 10
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- 2022Don't Forget Your ABC's: Evaluating the State-of-the-Art in Chat-Oriented Dialogue Systemscited by 9
- 2022TRUE: Re-evaluating Factual Consistency Evaluationcited by 8
- 2022Target-Guided Dialogue Response Generation Using Commonsense and Data Augmentationcited by 8
- 2024A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generationcited by 7
- 2024ANAH: Analytical Annotation of Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 7
- 2022WeCheck: Strong Factual Consistency Checker via Weakly Supervised Learningcited by 6
- 2023q2d: Turning Questions into Dialogs to Teach Models How to Searchcited by 5
- 2023Automated Fact-Checking in Dialogue: Are Specialized Models Needed?cited by 5
- 2024The Battle of LLMs: A Comparative Study in Conversational QA Taskscited by 5
- 2024Enhancing Hallucination Detection through Perturbation-Based Synthetic Data Generation in System Responsescited by 5
- 2025ATEB: Evaluating and Improving Advanced NLP Tasks for Text Embedding Modelscited by 5
- 2022DialGuide: Aligning Dialogue Model Behavior with Developer Guidelinescited by 4
- 2023Transferring Visual Attributes from Natural Language to Verified Image Generationcited by 4
- 2024Schroedinger's Threshold: When the AUC doesn't predict Accuracycited by 4
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- 2023Interactively Learning Social Media Representations Improves News Source Factuality Detectioncited by 3
- 2023CESAR: Automatic Induction of Compositional Instructions for Multi-turn Dialogscited by 3
- 2026URAG: A Benchmark for Uncertainty Quantification in Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2023Multilingual and Multi-topical Benchmark of Fine-tuned Language models and Large Language Models for Check-Worthy Claim Detectioncited by 2
- 2025FACTS&EVIDENCE: An Interactive Tool for Transparent Fine-Grained Factual Verification of Machine-Generated Textcited by 2
- 2025C-FAITH: A Chinese Fine-Grained Benchmark for Automated Hallucination Evaluationcited by 1
50 most cited of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2026TRILOGUE: A Trilingual Spoken Dialogue Fact-Checking Benchmark with Evidence and Paired Audio3 Sep 2026
- 2026Context-Aware Multimodal Claim Verification in Spoken Dialogues9 Jun 2026
- 2026When Misinformation Speaks and Converses: Rethinking Fact-Checking in Audio Platforms18 Apr 2026
- 2026BiCon-Gate: Consistency-Gated De-colloquialisation for Dialogue Fact-Checking15 Apr 2026
- 2026URAG: A Benchmark for Uncertainty Quantification in Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models2 Mar 2026
- 2026MultiCW: A Large-Scale Balanced Benchmark Dataset for Training Robust Check-Worthiness Detection Models18 Feb 2026
- 2026INSURE-Dial: A Phase-Aware Conversational Dataset & Benchmark for Compliance Verification and Phase Detection28 Jan 2026
- 2026Temporal Graph Network: Hallucination Detection in Multi-Turn Conversation6 Jan 2026
- 2025VISTA: Verification In Sequential Turn-based Assessment30 Oct 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Survey5 Oct 2025
- 2025The Psychology of Falsehood: A Human-Centric Survey of Misinformation Detection19 Sep 2025
- 2025FineDialFact: A benchmark for Fine-grained Dialogue Fact Verification7 Aug 2025
38 more
- 2025Counterfactual Probing for Hallucination Detection and Mitigation in Large Language Models3 Aug 2025
- 2025C-FAITH: A Chinese Fine-Grained Benchmark for Automated Hallucination Evaluation14 Apr 2025
- 2025Evaluating LLM-based Agents for Multi-Turn Conversations: A Survey28 Mar 2025
- 2025FACTS&EVIDENCE: An Interactive Tool for Transparent Fine-Grained Factual Verification of Machine-Generated Text19 Mar 2025
- 2025ATEB: Evaluating and Improving Advanced NLP Tasks for Text Embedding Models24 Feb 2025
- 2024LoraMap: Harnessing the Power of LoRA Connections29 Aug 2024
- 2024Foundational Autoraters: Taming Large Language Models for Better Automatic Evaluation15 Jul 2024
- 2024Enhancing Hallucination Detection through Perturbation-Based Synthetic Data Generation in System Responses7 Jul 2024
- 2024ANAH-v2: Scaling Analytical Hallucination Annotation of Large Language Models5 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Rationality in Language and Multimodal Agents: A Survey1 Jun 2024
- 2024ANAH: Analytical Annotation of Hallucinations in Large Language Models30 May 2024
- 2024The Battle of LLMs: A Comparative Study in Conversational QA Tasks28 May 2024
- 2024A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generation18 Apr 2024
- 2024Schroedinger's Threshold: When the AUC doesn't predict Accuracy4 Apr 2024
- 2024A synthetic data approach for domain generalization of NLI models19 Feb 2024
- 2023CESAR: Automatic Induction of Compositional Instructions for Multi-turn Dialogs29 Nov 2023
- 2023Automated Fact-Checking in Dialogue: Are Specialized Models Needed?14 Nov 2023
- 2023Multilingual and Multi-topical Benchmark of Fine-tuned Language models and Large Language Models for Check-Worthy Claim Detection10 Nov 2023
- 2023Fast and Accurate Factual Inconsistency Detection Over Long Documents19 Oct 2023
- 2023FactCHD: Benchmarking Fact-Conflicting Hallucination Detection18 Oct 2023
- 2023Improving Factual Consistency for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Systems via Knowledge Enhancement and Alignment12 Oct 2023
- 2023A New Benchmark and Reverse Validation Method for Passage-level Hallucination Detection10 Oct 2023
- 2023Interactively Learning Social Media Representations Improves News Source Factuality Detection26 Sep 2023
- 2023Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Dialogue Analysis12 Sep 2023
- 2023CLEVA: Chinese Language Models EVAluation Platform9 Aug 2023
- 2023Generating Benchmarks for Factuality Evaluation of Language Models13 Jul 2023
- 2023With a Little Push, NLI Models can Robustly and Efficiently Predict Faithfulness26 May 2023
- 2023AlignScore: Evaluating Factual Consistency with a Unified Alignment Function26 May 2023
- 2023Transferring Visual Attributes from Natural Language to Verified Image Generation24 May 2023
- 2023WikiChat: Stopping the Hallucination of Large Language Model Chatbots by Few-Shot Grounding on Wikipedia23 May 2023
- 2023SEAHORSE: A Multilingual, Multifaceted Dataset for Summarization Evaluation22 May 2023
- 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models19 May 2023
- 2023q2d: Turning Questions into Dialogs to Teach Models How to Search27 Apr 2023
- 2023ChatGPT-Crawler: Find out if ChatGPT really knows what it's talking about6 Apr 2023
- 2023WiCE: Real-World Entailment for Claims in Wikipedia2 Mar 2023
- 2023Diving Deep into Modes of Fact Hallucinations in Dialogue Systems11 Jan 2023
- 2022DialGuide: Aligning Dialogue Model Behavior with Developer Guidelines20 Dec 2022
- 2022WeCheck: Strong Factual Consistency Checker via Weakly Supervised Learning20 Dec 2022
50 newest of 62 All 62 (JSON)
- 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
- 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 341
- 2023AlignScore: Evaluating Factual Consistency with a Unified Alignment Functioncited by 288
- 2021Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Modelscited by 256
- 2023WiCE: Real-World Entailment for Claims in Wikipediacited by 120
- 2022FaithDial: A Faithful Benchmark for Information-Seeking Dialoguecited by 109
- 2023Generating Benchmarks for Factuality Evaluation of Language Modelscited by 105
- 2024Foundational Autoraters: Taming Large Language Models for Better Automatic Evaluationcited by 74
- 2023WikiChat: Stopping the Hallucination of Large Language Model Chatbots by Few-Shot Grounding on Wikipediacited by 67
- 2025Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 49
- 2022Missing Counter-Evidence Renders NLP Fact-Checking Unrealistic for Misinformationcited by 45
- 2022Stretching Sentence-pair NLI Models to Reason over Long Documents and Clusterscited by 44
12 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026TRILOGUE: A Trilingual Spoken Dialogue Fact-Checking Benchmark with Evidence and Paired Audio3 Sep 2026
- 2026Context-Aware Multimodal Claim Verification in Spoken Dialogues9 Jun 2026
- 2026When Misinformation Speaks and Converses: Rethinking Fact-Checking in Audio Platforms18 Apr 2026
- 2026BiCon-Gate: Consistency-Gated De-colloquialisation for Dialogue Fact-Checking15 Apr 2026
- 2026MultiCW: A Large-Scale Balanced Benchmark Dataset for Training Robust Check-Worthiness Detection Models18 Feb 2026
- 2026INSURE-Dial: A Phase-Aware Conversational Dataset & Benchmark for Compliance Verification and Phase Detection28 Jan 2026
- 2026Temporal Graph Network: Hallucination Detection in Multi-Turn Conversation6 Jan 2026
- 2025VISTA: Verification In Sequential Turn-based Assessment30 Oct 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Hallucination: A Comprehensive Survey5 Oct 2025
- 2025The Psychology of Falsehood: A Human-Centric Survey of Misinformation Detection19 Sep 2025
- 2025FineDialFact: A benchmark for Fine-grained Dialogue Fact Verification7 Aug 2025
- 2025Counterfactual Probing for Hallucination Detection and Mitigation in Large Language Models3 Aug 2025
12 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)