Diving Deep into Modes of Fact Hallucinations in Dialogue Systems
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Abstract (arXiv)
Knowledge Graph(KG) grounded conversations often use large pre-trained models and usually suffer from fact hallucination. Frequently entities with no references in knowledge sources and conversation history are introduced into responses, thus hindering the flow of the conversation -- existing work attempt to overcome this issue by tweaking the training procedure or using a multi-step refining method. However, minimal effort is put into constructing an entity-level hallucination detection system, which would provide fine-grained signals that control fallacious content while generating responses. As a first step to address this issue, we dive deep to identify various modes of hallucination in KG-grounded chatbots through human feedback analysis. Secondly, we propose a series of perturbation strategies to create a synthetic dataset named FADE (FActual Dialogue Hallucination DEtection Dataset). Finally, we conduct comprehensive data analyses and create multiple baseline models for hallucination detection to compare against human-verified data and already established benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2023.
Builds on
14 of 26 references.
References · 14
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 895
- 2021Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversationcited by 691
- 2020Recipes for building an open-domain chatbotcited by 593
- 2020ToTTo: A Controlled Table-To-Text Generation Datasetcited by 267
- 2021Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Modelscited by 253
- 2017Challenges in Data-to-Document Generationcited by 226
- 2022On the Origin of Hallucinations in Conversational Models: Is it the Datasets or the Models?cited by 137
- 2022FaithDial: A Faithful Benchmark for Information-Seeking Dialoguecited by 108
- 2021Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Groundingcited by 106
- 2021Increasing Faithfulness in Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue with Controllable Featurescited by 74
- 2021DialFact: A Benchmark for Fact-Checking in Dialoguecited by 62
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 14; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.
32 papers.
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- 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 329
- 2023SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistencycited by 89
- 2024The Dawn After the Dark: An Empirical Study on Factuality Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 87
- 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 83
- 2024Detecting Hallucinations in Large Language Model Generation: A Token Probability Approachcited by 40
- 2023FactCHD: Benchmarking Fact-Conflicting Hallucination Detectioncited by 29
- 2024HaluEval-Wild: Evaluating Hallucinations of Language Models in the Wildcited by 27
- 2023Two Directions for Clinical Data Generation with Large Language Models: Data-to-Label and Label-to-Datacited by 26
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
- 2024Towards Detecting LLMs Hallucination via Markov Chain-based Multi-agent Debate Frameworkcited by 19
- 2024Improving Factuality in Large Language Models via Decoding-Time Hallucinatory and Truthful Comparatorscited by 19
- 2025Reasoning Models Hallucinate More: Factuality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 18
20 more
- 2024An Audit on the Perspectives and Challenges of Hallucinations in NLPcited by 17
- 2024Towards Rationality in Language and Multimodal Agents: A Surveycited by 15
- 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolutioncited by 13
- 2025HalluVerse25: Fine-grained Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for LLM Hallucinationscited by 13
- 2023Through the Lens of Core Competency: Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 12
- 2024Fakes of Varying Shades: How Warning Affects Human Perception and Engagement Regarding LLM Hallucinationscited by 12
- 2023AutoHall: Automated Factuality Hallucination Dataset Generation for Large Language Modelscited by 10
- 2024Leveraging the Domain Adaptation of Retrieval Augmented Generation Models for Question Answering and Reducing Hallucinationcited by 7
- 2025Evaluating Evaluation Metrics -- The Mirage of Hallucination Detectioncited by 6
- 2024Luna: An Evaluation Foundation Model to Catch Language Model Hallucinations with High Accuracy and Low Costcited by 5
- 2024Enhancing Hallucination Detection through Perturbation-Based Synthetic Data Generation in System Responsescited by 5
- 2024Analysis of Plan-based Retrieval for Grounded Text Generationcited by 5
- 2025SelfCheck-Eval: A Multi-Module Framework for Zero-Resource Hallucination Detection in Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2024Question answering systems for health professionals at the point of care -- a systematic reviewcited by 3
- 2025Catch Me if You Search: When Contextual Web Search Results Affect the Detection of Hallucinationscited by 3
- 2026Halluverse-M^3: A multitask multilingual benchmark for hallucination in LLMscited by 3
- 2025VISTA: Verification In Sequential Turn-based Assessmentcited by 1
- 2025HalluClean: A Unified Framework to Combat Hallucinations in LLMscited by 1
- 2026Hallucinations in LLMs: A Lifecycle-Based Survey of Causes, Detection, Mitigation, and Preventioncited by 0
- 2026The Privacy-Hallucination Tradeoff in Differentially Private Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026The Privacy-Hallucination Tradeoff in Differentially Private Language Models31 Aug 2026
- 2026Hallucinations in LLMs: A Lifecycle-Based Survey of Causes, Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention20 Jul 2026
- 2026Halluverse-M^3: A multitask multilingual benchmark for hallucination in LLMs6 Feb 2026
- 2025HalluClean: A Unified Framework to Combat Hallucinations in LLMs12 Nov 2025
- 2025VISTA: Verification In Sequential Turn-based Assessment30 Oct 2025
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMs6 Jun 2025
- 2025Reasoning Models Hallucinate More: Factuality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Models30 May 2025
- 2025Evaluating Evaluation Metrics -- The Mirage of Hallucination Detection25 Apr 2025
- 2025Catch Me if You Search: When Contextual Web Search Results Affect the Detection of Hallucinations1 Apr 2025
- 2025HalluVerse25: Fine-grained Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for LLM Hallucinations10 Mar 2025
- 2025SelfCheck-Eval: A Multi-Module Framework for Zero-Resource Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models3 Feb 2025
- 2024Leveraging the Domain Adaptation of Retrieval Augmented Generation Models for Question Answering and Reducing Hallucination23 Oct 2024
20 more
- 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolution9 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Factuality in Large Language Models via Decoding-Time Hallucinatory and Truthful Comparators22 Aug 2024
- 2024Analysis of Plan-based Retrieval for Grounded Text Generation20 Aug 2024
- 2024Enhancing Hallucination Detection through Perturbation-Based Synthetic Data Generation in System Responses7 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Detecting LLMs Hallucination via Markov Chain-based Multi-agent Debate Framework5 Jun 2024
- 2024Luna: An Evaluation Foundation Model to Catch Language Model Hallucinations with High Accuracy and Low Cost3 Jun 2024
- 2024Towards Rationality in Language and Multimodal Agents: A Survey1 Jun 2024
- 2024Detecting Hallucinations in Large Language Model Generation: A Token Probability Approach30 May 2024
- 2024An Audit on the Perspectives and Challenges of Hallucinations in NLP11 Apr 2024
- 2024Fakes of Varying Shades: How Warning Affects Human Perception and Engagement Regarding LLM Hallucinations4 Apr 2024
- 2024HaluEval-Wild: Evaluating Hallucinations of Language Models in the Wild7 Mar 2024
- 2024Question answering systems for health professionals at the point of care -- a systematic review24 Jan 2024
- 2024The Dawn After the Dark: An Empirical Study on Factuality Hallucination in Large Language Models6 Jan 2024
- 2023Two Directions for Clinical Data Generation with Large Language Models: Data-to-Label and Label-to-Data9 Dec 2023
- 2023SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistency3 Nov 2023
- 2023FactCHD: Benchmarking Fact-Conflicting Hallucination Detection18 Oct 2023
- 2023AutoHall: Automated Factuality Hallucination Dataset Generation for Large Language Models30 Sep 2023
- 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Models13 Sep 2023
- 2023Through the Lens of Core Competency: Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Models15 Aug 2023
- 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Models19 May 2023
- 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 329
- 2023SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistencycited by 89
- 2024The Dawn After the Dark: An Empirical Study on Factuality Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 87
- 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 83
- 2024Detecting Hallucinations in Large Language Model Generation: A Token Probability Approachcited by 40
- 2023FactCHD: Benchmarking Fact-Conflicting Hallucination Detectioncited by 29
- 2024HaluEval-Wild: Evaluating Hallucinations of Language Models in the Wildcited by 27
- 2023Two Directions for Clinical Data Generation with Large Language Models: Data-to-Label and Label-to-Datacited by 26
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
- 2024Improving Factuality in Large Language Models via Decoding-Time Hallucinatory and Truthful Comparatorscited by 19
- 2024An Audit on the Perspectives and Challenges of Hallucinations in NLPcited by 17
- 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolutioncited by 13
12 most cited of 27 All 27 (JSON)
- 2026The Privacy-Hallucination Tradeoff in Differentially Private Language Models31 Aug 2026
- 2026Hallucinations in LLMs: A Lifecycle-Based Survey of Causes, Detection, Mitigation, and Prevention20 Jul 2026
- 2026Halluverse-M^3: A multitask multilingual benchmark for hallucination in LLMs6 Feb 2026
- 2025HalluClean: A Unified Framework to Combat Hallucinations in LLMs12 Nov 2025
- 2025VISTA: Verification In Sequential Turn-based Assessment30 Oct 2025
- 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMs6 Jun 2025
- 2025Evaluating Evaluation Metrics -- The Mirage of Hallucination Detection25 Apr 2025
- 2025Catch Me if You Search: When Contextual Web Search Results Affect the Detection of Hallucinations1 Apr 2025
- 2025HalluVerse25: Fine-grained Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for LLM Hallucinations10 Mar 2025
- 2025SelfCheck-Eval: A Multi-Module Framework for Zero-Resource Hallucination Detection in Large Language Models3 Feb 2025
- 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolution9 Oct 2024
- 2024Improving Factuality in Large Language Models via Decoding-Time Hallucinatory and Truthful Comparators22 Aug 2024
12 newest of 27 All 27 (JSON)