mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Diving Deep into Modes of Fact Hallucinations in Dialogue Systems

arXiv 2301.04449 ↗First posted 11 Jan 2023cs.CL cs.AIcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

Knowledge Graph(KG) grounded conversations often use large pre-trained models and usually suffer from fact hallucination. Frequently entities with no references in knowledge sources and conversation history are introduced into responses, thus hindering the flow of the conversation -- existing work attempt to overcome this issue by tweaking the training procedure or using a multi-step refining method. However, minimal effort is put into constructing an entity-level hallucination detection system, which would provide fine-grained signals that control fallacious content while generating responses. As a first step to address this issue, we dive deep to identify various modes of hallucination in KG-grounded chatbots through human feedback analysis. Secondly, we propose a series of perturbation strategies to create a synthetic dataset named FADE (FActual Dialogue Hallucination DEtection Dataset). Finally, we conduct comprehensive data analyses and create multiple baseline models for hallucination detection to compare against human-verified data and already established benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 26 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2023.

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14 of 26 references.

References · 14

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2020On Faithfulness and Factuality in Abstractive Summarizationcited by 895
  3. 2021Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversationcited by 691
  4. 2020Recipes for building an open-domain chatbotcited by 593
  5. 2020ToTTo: A Controlled Table-To-Text Generation Datasetcited by 267
  6. 2021Measuring Attribution in Natural Language Generation Modelscited by 253
  7. 2017Challenges in Data-to-Document Generationcited by 226
  8. 2022On the Origin of Hallucinations in Conversational Models: Is it the Datasets or the Models?cited by 137
  9. 2022FaithDial: A Faithful Benchmark for Information-Seeking Dialoguecited by 108
  10. 2021Neural Path Hunter: Reducing Hallucination in Dialogue Systems via Path Groundingcited by 106
  11. 2021Increasing Faithfulness in Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue with Controllable Featurescited by 74
  12. 2021DialFact: A Benchmark for Fact-Checking in Dialoguecited by 62
2 more
  1. 2022Human Evaluation of Conversations is an Open Problem: comparing the sensitivity of various methods for evaluating dialogue agentscited by 62
  2. 2019DyKgChat: Benchmarking Dialogue Generation Grounding on Dynamic Knowledge Graphscited by 33

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 7; 2024: 14; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2023HaluEval: A Large-Scale Hallucination Evaluation Benchmark for Large Language Modelscited by 329
  2. 2023SAC3: Reliable Hallucination Detection in Black-Box Language Models via Semantic-aware Cross-check Consistencycited by 89
  3. 2024The Dawn After the Dark: An Empirical Study on Factuality Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 87
  4. 2023Cognitive Mirage: A Review of Hallucinations in Large Language Modelscited by 83
  5. 2024Detecting Hallucinations in Large Language Model Generation: A Token Probability Approachcited by 40
  6. 2023FactCHD: Benchmarking Fact-Conflicting Hallucination Detectioncited by 29
  7. 2024HaluEval-Wild: Evaluating Hallucinations of Language Models in the Wildcited by 27
  8. 2023Two Directions for Clinical Data Generation with Large Language Models: Data-to-Label and Label-to-Datacited by 26
  9. 2025The Scales of Justitia: A Comprehensive Survey on Safety Evaluation of LLMscited by 24
  10. 2024Towards Detecting LLMs Hallucination via Markov Chain-based Multi-agent Debate Frameworkcited by 19
  11. 2024Improving Factuality in Large Language Models via Decoding-Time Hallucinatory and Truthful Comparatorscited by 19
  12. 2025Reasoning Models Hallucinate More: Factuality-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 18
20 more
  1. 2024An Audit on the Perspectives and Challenges of Hallucinations in NLPcited by 17
  2. 2024Towards Rationality in Language and Multimodal Agents: A Surveycited by 15
  3. 2024Robots in the Middle: Evaluating LLMs in Dispute Resolutioncited by 13
  4. 2025HalluVerse25: Fine-grained Multilingual Benchmark Dataset for LLM Hallucinationscited by 13
  5. 2023Through the Lens of Core Competency: Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 12
  6. 2024Fakes of Varying Shades: How Warning Affects Human Perception and Engagement Regarding LLM Hallucinationscited by 12
  7. 2023AutoHall: Automated Factuality Hallucination Dataset Generation for Large Language Modelscited by 10
  8. 2024Leveraging the Domain Adaptation of Retrieval Augmented Generation Models for Question Answering and Reducing Hallucinationcited by 7
  9. 2025Evaluating Evaluation Metrics -- The Mirage of Hallucination Detectioncited by 6
  10. 2024Luna: An Evaluation Foundation Model to Catch Language Model Hallucinations with High Accuracy and Low Costcited by 5
  11. 2024Enhancing Hallucination Detection through Perturbation-Based Synthetic Data Generation in System Responsescited by 5
  12. 2024Analysis of Plan-based Retrieval for Grounded Text Generationcited by 5
  13. 2025SelfCheck-Eval: A Multi-Module Framework for Zero-Resource Hallucination Detection in Large Language Modelscited by 4
  14. 2024Question answering systems for health professionals at the point of care -- a systematic reviewcited by 3
  15. 2025Catch Me if You Search: When Contextual Web Search Results Affect the Detection of Hallucinationscited by 3
  16. 2026Halluverse-M^3: A multitask multilingual benchmark for hallucination in LLMscited by 3
  17. 2025VISTA: Verification In Sequential Turn-based Assessmentcited by 1
  18. 2025HalluClean: A Unified Framework to Combat Hallucinations in LLMscited by 1
  19. 2026Hallucinations in LLMs: A Lifecycle-Based Survey of Causes, Detection, Mitigation, and Preventioncited by 0
  20. 2026The Privacy-Hallucination Tradeoff in Differentially Private Language Modelscited by 0