With a Little Push, NLI Models can Robustly and Efficiently Predict Faithfulness
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Abstract (arXiv)
Conditional language models still generate unfaithful output that is not supported by their input. These unfaithful generations jeopardize trust in real-world applications such as summarization or human-machine interaction, motivating a need for automatic faithfulness metrics. To implement such metrics, NLI models seem attractive, since they solve a strongly related task that comes with a wealth of prior research and data. But recent research suggests that NLI models require costly additional machinery to perform reliably across datasets, e.g., by running inference on a cartesian product of input and generated sentences, or supporting them with a question-generation/answering step. In this work we show that pure NLI models _can_ outperform more complex metrics when combining task-adaptive data augmentation with robust inference procedures. We propose: (1) Augmenting NLI training data to adapt NL inferences to the specificities of faithfulness prediction in dialogue; (2) Making use of both entailment and contradiction probabilities in NLI, and (3) Using Monte-Carlo dropout during inference. Applied to the TRUE benchmark, which combines faithfulness datasets across diverse domains and tasks, our approach strongly improves a vanilla NLI model and significantly outperforms previous work, while showing favourable computational cost.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 May 2023.
Builds on
28 of 38 references.
References · 28
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16 more
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 8; 2025: 3; 2026: 2.
13 papers.
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- 2024Fine-Grained Natural Language Inference Based Faithfulness Evaluation for Diverse Summarisation Taskscited by 23
- 2024Are LLMs Better than Reported? Detecting Label Errors and Mitigating Their Effect on Model Performancecited by 20
- 2024Learning to Generate Answers with Citations via Factual Consistency Modelscited by 13
- 2024Natural Language Processing RELIES on Linguisticscited by 9
- 2024A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generationcited by 7
- 2024On the Role of Summary Content Units in Text Summarization Evaluationcited by 5
- 2024Faithful Chart Summarization with ChaTS-Picited by 5
- 2024Schroedinger's Threshold: When the AUC doesn't predict Accuracycited by 4
- 2025Sentence Smith: Controllable Edits for Evaluating Text Embeddingscited by 4
- 2025Correcting Hallucinations in News Summaries: Exploration of Self-Correcting LLM Methods with External Knowledgecited by 3
- 2025FActBench: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Automatic Evaluation of LLM-Generated Text in the Medical Domaincited by 1
- 2026ALEE: Any-Language Evaluation of Embeddings via English-Centric Minimal Pairscited by 1
1 more
- 2026ALEE: Any-Language Evaluation of Embeddings via English-Centric Minimal Pairs30 Jun 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Data Selection and Augmentation for Automatic Compliance Detection23 Apr 2026
- 2025FActBench: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Automatic Evaluation of LLM-Generated Text in the Medical Domain2 Sep 2025
- 2025Correcting Hallucinations in News Summaries: Exploration of Self-Correcting LLM Methods with External Knowledge24 Jun 2025
- 2025Sentence Smith: Controllable Edits for Evaluating Text Embeddings20 Feb 2025
- 2024Are LLMs Better than Reported? Detecting Label Errors and Mitigating Their Effect on Model Performance24 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning to Generate Answers with Citations via Factual Consistency Models19 Jun 2024
- 2024Faithful Chart Summarization with ChaTS-Pi29 May 2024
- 2024Natural Language Processing RELIES on Linguistics9 May 2024
- 2024A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generation18 Apr 2024
- 2024Schroedinger's Threshold: When the AUC doesn't predict Accuracy4 Apr 2024
- 2024On the Role of Summary Content Units in Text Summarization Evaluation2 Apr 2024
- 2024Fine-Grained Natural Language Inference Based Faithfulness Evaluation for Diverse Summarisation Taskscited by 23
- 2024Are LLMs Better than Reported? Detecting Label Errors and Mitigating Their Effect on Model Performancecited by 20
- 2024Learning to Generate Answers with Citations via Factual Consistency Modelscited by 13
- 2024Natural Language Processing RELIES on Linguisticscited by 9
- 2024A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generationcited by 7
- 2024On the Role of Summary Content Units in Text Summarization Evaluationcited by 5
- 2024Faithful Chart Summarization with ChaTS-Picited by 5
- 2024Schroedinger's Threshold: When the AUC doesn't predict Accuracycited by 4
- 2025Sentence Smith: Controllable Edits for Evaluating Text Embeddingscited by 4
- 2025Correcting Hallucinations in News Summaries: Exploration of Self-Correcting LLM Methods with External Knowledgecited by 3
- 2025FActBench: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Automatic Evaluation of LLM-Generated Text in the Medical Domaincited by 1
- 2026ALEE: Any-Language Evaluation of Embeddings via English-Centric Minimal Pairscited by 1
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026ALEE: Any-Language Evaluation of Embeddings via English-Centric Minimal Pairs30 Jun 2026
- 2026Cross-Domain Data Selection and Augmentation for Automatic Compliance Detection23 Apr 2026
- 2025FActBench: A Benchmark for Fine-grained Automatic Evaluation of LLM-Generated Text in the Medical Domain2 Sep 2025
- 2025Correcting Hallucinations in News Summaries: Exploration of Self-Correcting LLM Methods with External Knowledge24 Jun 2025
- 2025Sentence Smith: Controllable Edits for Evaluating Text Embeddings20 Feb 2025
- 2024Are LLMs Better than Reported? Detecting Label Errors and Mitigating Their Effect on Model Performance24 Oct 2024
- 2024Learning to Generate Answers with Citations via Factual Consistency Models19 Jun 2024
- 2024Faithful Chart Summarization with ChaTS-Pi29 May 2024
- 2024Natural Language Processing RELIES on Linguistics9 May 2024
- 2024A Survey of Automatic Hallucination Evaluation on Natural Language Generation18 Apr 2024
- 2024Schroedinger's Threshold: When the AUC doesn't predict Accuracy4 Apr 2024
- 2024On the Role of Summary Content Units in Text Summarization Evaluation2 Apr 2024
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)