AutoShape: Real-Time Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detection
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Existing deep learning-based approaches for monocular 3D object detection in autonomous driving often model the object as a rotated 3D cuboid while the object's geometric shape has been ignored. In this work, we propose an approach for incorporating the shape-aware 2D/3D constraints into the 3D detection framework. Specifically, we employ the deep neural network to learn distinguished 2D keypoints in the 2D image domain and regress their corresponding 3D coordinates in the local 3D object coordinate first. Then the 2D/3D geometric constraints are built by these correspondences for each object to boost the detection performance. For generating the ground truth of 2D/3D keypoints, an automatic model-fitting approach has been proposed by fitting the deformed 3D object model and the object mask in the 2D image. The proposed framework has been verified on the public KITTI dataset and the experimental results demonstrate that by using additional geometrical constraints the detection performance has been significantly improved as compared to the baseline method. More importantly, the proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance with real time. Data and code will be available at https://github.com/zongdai/AutoShape
Key facts. Cited by 87 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Aug 2021.
Builds on
38 of 52 references.
References · 38
- 2018PointPillars: Fast Encoders for Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 1,715
- 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
- 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,175
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 941
- 2017Neural 3D Mesh Renderercited by 437
- 2017Deep Layer Aggregationcited by 436
- 2019Soft Rasterizer: A Differentiable Renderer for Image-based 3D Reasoningcited by 420
- 2021Categorical Depth Distribution Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 327
- 20163D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometrycited by 278
- 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 252
- 2020SMOKE: Single-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detection via Keypoint Estimationcited by 204
- 2021Objects are Different: Flexible Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 185
26 more
- 2019Learning Depth-Guided Convolutions for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 169
- 2019Stereo R-CNN based 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 163
- 2020MonoPair: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Pairwise Spatial Relationshipscited by 153
- 2020RTM3D: Real-time Monocular 3D Detection from Object Keypoints for Autonomous Drivingcited by 150
- 2021Delving into Localization Errors for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 140
- 2019Accurate Monocular Object Detection via Color-Embedded 3D Reconstruction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 137
- 2019IoU Loss for 2D/3D Object Detectioncited by 128
- 2018ROI-10D: Monocular Lifting of 2D Detection to 6D Pose and Metric Shapecited by 123
- 2019Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pseudo-LiDAR Point Cloudcited by 113
- 2020Rethinking Pseudo-LiDAR Representationcited by 109
- 2019GS3D: An Efficient 3D Object Detection Framework for Autonomous Drivingcited by 106
- 2019Monocular 3D Object Detection Leveraging Accurate Proposals and Shape Reconstructioncited by 106
- 2017Deep MANTA: A Coarse-to-fine Many-Task Network for joint 2D and 3D vehicle analysis from monocular imagecited by 95
- 2021Depth-conditioned Dynamic Message Propagation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 84
- 2021MonoRUn: Monocular 3D Object Detection by Reconstruction and Uncertainty Propagationcited by 82
- 2020End-to-End Pseudo-LiDAR for Image-Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 80
- 2019Autolabeling 3D Objects with Differentiable Rendering of SDF Shape Priorscited by 74
- 2021Monocular 3D Object Detection: An Extrinsic Parameter Free Approachcited by 69
- 2021GrooMeD-NMS: Grouped Mathematically Differentiable NMS for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 66
- 2021Ground-aware Monocular 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 65
- 2018ApolloCar3D: A Large 3D Car Instance Understanding Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 59
- 2021YOLOStereo3D: A Step Back to 2D for Efficient Stereo 3D Detectioncited by 34
- 2019RefinedMPL: Refined Monocular PseudoLiDAR for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 23
- 2019Task-Aware Monocular Depth Estimation for 3D Object Detectioncited by 22
- 2021IAFA: Instance-aware Feature Aggregation for 3D Object Detection from a Single Imagecited by 15
- 2020PerMO: Perceiving More at Once from a Single Image for Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 28; 2023: 22; 2024: 16; 2025: 14; 2026: 3.
87 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 713
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 341
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 336
- 2022BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 191
- 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 178
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 160
- 2022MonoDETR: Depth-guided Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 86
- 2022MonoDistill: Learning Spatial Features for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 68
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Polar Parametrization for Vision-based Surround-View 3D Detectioncited by 53
- 2022Benchmarking the Robustness of LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 50
- 2021EPNet++: Cascade Bi-directional Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 49
38 more
- 2022DEVIANT: Depth EquiVarIAnt NeTwork for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 48
- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 46
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2024MonoCD: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Complementary Depthscited by 39
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Groundcited by 37
- 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 36
- 2022Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2022MonoJSG: Joint Semantic and Geometric Cost Volume for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 30
- 2023Fully Sparse Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 29
- 2022Densely Constrained Depth Estimator for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 27
- 2022Homography Loss for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 24
- 2022OPA-3D: Occlusion-Aware Pixel-Wise Aggregation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 24
- 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 23
- 2022Boosting 3D Object Detection by Simulating Multimodality on Point Cloudscited by 22
- 2023MonoGAE: Roadside Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground-Aware Embeddingscited by 22
- 2024OmniNOCS: A unified NOCS dataset and model for 3D lifting of 2D objectscited by 22
- 2023MonoPGC: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pixel Geometry Contextscited by 21
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 19
- 2023MonoATT: Online Monocular 3D Object Detection with Adaptive Token Transformercited by 18
- 2024MonoMAE: Enhancing Monocular 3D Detection through Depth-Aware Masked Autoencoderscited by 16
- 2023SupFusion: Supervised LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2021SGM3D: Stereo Guided Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2023NeurOCS: Neural NOCS Supervision for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 13
- 2024SeaBird: Segmentation in Bird's View with Dice Loss Improves Monocular 3D Detection of Large Objectscited by 12
- 2025RSAR: Restricted State Angle Resolver and Rotated SAR Benchmarkcited by 12
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
- 2024Decoupled Pseudo-labeling for Semi-Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 11
- 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Imagecited by 10
- 2024MonoTAKD: Teaching Assistant Knowledge Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2024MonoWAD: Weather-Adaptive Diffusion Model for Robust Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2025Unleashing the Power of Chain-of-Prediction for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2023MoGDE: Boosting Mobile Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground Depth Estimationcited by 9
- 2023SSD-MonoDETR: Supervised Scale-aware Deformable Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 9
- 2024SDFit: 3D Object Pose and Shape by Fitting a Morphable SDF to a Single Imagecited by 9
- 2025RICCARDO: Radar Hit Prediction and Convolution for Camera-Radar 3D Object Detectioncited by 9
- 2023Monocular 3D Object Detection with Bounding Box Denoising in 3D by Perceivercited by 8
- 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023CAROM Air -- Vehicle Localization and Traffic Scene Reconstruction from Aerial Videoscited by 7
50 most cited of 87 All 87 (JSON)
- 2026LEXIS: LatEnt ProXimal Interaction Signatures for 3D HOI from an Image22 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Intrinsic-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detection28 Mar 2026
- 2026Selective Transfer Learning of Cross-Modality Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection8 Mar 2026
- 2025Reconstructing Objects along Hand Interaction Timelines in Egocentric Video8 Dec 2025
- 2025LeAD-M3D: Leveraging Asymmetric Distillation for Real-Time Monocular 3D Detection5 Dec 2025
- 2025GraphFusion3D: Dynamic Graph Attention Convolution with Adaptive Cross-Modal Transformer for 3D Object Detection2 Dec 2025
- 2025BEVUDA++: Geometric-aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection17 Sep 2025
- 2025Synthetic Dataset Evaluation Based on Generalized Cross Validation14 Sep 2025
- 2025InsFusion: Rethink Instance-level LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection10 Sep 2025
- 2025Adaptive Dual Uncertainty Optimization: Boosting Monocular 3D Object Detection under Test-Time Shifts28 Aug 2025
- 2025CHARM3R: Towards Unseen Camera Height Robust Monocular 3D Detector15 Aug 2025
- 2025VisHall3D: Monocular Semantic Scene Completion from Reconstructing the Visible Regions to Hallucinating the Invisible Regions25 Jul 2025
38 more
- 2025PLOT: Pseudo-Labeling via Object Tracking for Monocular 3D Object Detection3 Jul 2025
- 2025Unleashing the Power of Chain-of-Prediction for Monocular 3D Object Detection7 May 2025
- 2025Weak Cube R-CNN: Weakly Supervised 3D Detection using only 2D Bounding Boxes17 Apr 2025
- 2025RICCARDO: Radar Hit Prediction and Convolution for Camera-Radar 3D Object Detection12 Apr 2025
- 2025RSAR: Restricted State Angle Resolver and Rotated SAR Benchmark8 Jan 2025
- 2024Efficient Feature Aggregation and Scale-Aware Regression for Monocular 3D Object Detection5 Nov 2024
- 2024SDFit: 3D Object Pose and Shape by Fitting a Morphable SDF to a Single Image24 Sep 2024
- 2024MonoWAD: Weather-Adaptive Diffusion Model for Robust Monocular 3D Object Detection23 Jul 2024
- 2024Explore the LiDAR-Camera Dynamic Adjustment Fusion for 3D Object Detection22 Jul 2024
- 2024Segment, Lift and Fit: Automatic 3D Shape Labeling from 2D Prompts16 Jul 2024
- 2024OmniNOCS: A unified NOCS dataset and model for 3D lifting of 2D objects11 Jul 2024
- 2024A re-calibration method for object detection with multi-modal alignment bias in autonomous driving27 May 2024
- 2024MonoDETRNext: Next-Generation Accurate and Efficient Monocular 3D Object Detector24 May 2024
- 2024Multi-View Attentive Contextualization for Multi-View 3D Object Detection20 May 2024
- 2024MonoMAE: Enhancing Monocular 3D Detection through Depth-Aware Masked Autoencoders13 May 2024
- 2024MonoTAKD: Teaching Assistant Knowledge Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection7 Apr 2024
- 2024MonoCD: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Complementary Depths4 Apr 2024
- 2024SeaBird: Segmentation in Bird's View with Dice Loss Improves Monocular 3D Detection of Large Objects29 Mar 2024
- 2024Decoupled Pseudo-labeling for Semi-Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection26 Mar 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Image29 Feb 2024
- 2024You Only Look Bottom-Up for Monocular 3D Object Detection27 Jan 2024
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detection22 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Transferable Multi-modal Perception Representation Learning for Autonomy: NeRF-Supervised Masked AutoEncoder23 Nov 2023
- 2023GUPNet++: Geometry Uncertainty Propagation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection24 Oct 2023
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficient17 Oct 2023
- 2023Towards Fair and Comprehensive Comparisons for Image-Based 3D Object Detection9 Oct 2023
- 2023MonoGAE: Roadside Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground-Aware Embeddings30 Sep 2023
- 2023SupFusion: Supervised LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection13 Sep 2023
- 2023AdvMono3D: Advanced Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Robust Adversarial Training3 Sep 2023
- 2023S3-MonoDETR: Supervised Shape&Scale-perceptive Deformable Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detection2 Sep 2023
- 2023CAROM Air -- Vehicle Localization and Traffic Scene Reconstruction from Aerial Videos31 May 2023
- 2023NeurOCS: Neural NOCS Supervision for Monocular 3D Object Localization28 May 2023
- 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detection25 May 2023
- 2023SSD-MonoDETR: Supervised Scale-aware Deformable Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detection12 May 2023
- 2023Fully Sparse Fusion for 3D Object Detection24 Apr 2023
- 2023Monocular 3D Object Detection with Bounding Box Denoising in 3D by Perceiver3 Apr 2023
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Tracking29 Mar 2023
- 2023MoGDE: Boosting Mobile Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground Depth Estimation23 Mar 2023
50 newest of 87 All 87 (JSON)
- 2024MonoTAKD: Teaching Assistant Knowledge Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficientcited by 1
- 2026Selective Transfer Learning of Cross-Modality Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Selective Transfer Learning of Cross-Modality Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection8 Mar 2026
- 2024MonoTAKD: Teaching Assistant Knowledge Distillation for Monocular 3D Object Detection7 Apr 2024
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficient17 Oct 2023
- 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detection30 Nov 2022
- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 713
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 341
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 336
- 2022BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 191
- 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 178
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 160
- 2022MonoDETR: Depth-guided Transformer for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 86
- 2022MonoDistill: Learning Spatial Features for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 68
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Polar Parametrization for Vision-based Surround-View 3D Detectioncited by 53
- 2022Benchmarking the Robustness of LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 50
- 2021EPNet++: Cascade Bi-directional Fusion for Multi-Modal 3D Object Detectioncited by 49
12 most cited of 82 All 82 (JSON)
- 2026LEXIS: LatEnt ProXimal Interaction Signatures for 3D HOI from an Image22 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Intrinsic-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detection28 Mar 2026
- 2025Reconstructing Objects along Hand Interaction Timelines in Egocentric Video8 Dec 2025
- 2025LeAD-M3D: Leveraging Asymmetric Distillation for Real-Time Monocular 3D Detection5 Dec 2025
- 2025GraphFusion3D: Dynamic Graph Attention Convolution with Adaptive Cross-Modal Transformer for 3D Object Detection2 Dec 2025
- 2025BEVUDA++: Geometric-aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection17 Sep 2025
- 2025Synthetic Dataset Evaluation Based on Generalized Cross Validation14 Sep 2025
- 2025InsFusion: Rethink Instance-level LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection10 Sep 2025
- 2025Adaptive Dual Uncertainty Optimization: Boosting Monocular 3D Object Detection under Test-Time Shifts28 Aug 2025
- 2025CHARM3R: Towards Unseen Camera Height Robust Monocular 3D Detector15 Aug 2025
- 2025VisHall3D: Monocular Semantic Scene Completion from Reconstructing the Visible Regions to Hallucinating the Invisible Regions25 Jul 2025
- 2025PLOT: Pseudo-Labeling via Object Tracking for Monocular 3D Object Detection3 Jul 2025
12 newest of 82 All 82 (JSON)