mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Monocular 3D Object Detection: An Extrinsic Parameter Free Approach

arXiv 2106.15796 ↗First posted 30 Jun 2021cs.CVcited by 69

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Abstract (arXiv)

Monocular 3D object detection is an important task in autonomous driving. It can be easily intractable where there exists ego-car pose change w.r.t. ground plane. This is common due to the slight fluctuation of road smoothness and slope. Due to the lack of insight in industrial application, existing methods on open datasets neglect the camera pose information, which inevitably results in the detector being susceptible to camera extrinsic parameters. The perturbation of objects is very popular in most autonomous driving cases for industrial products. To this end, we propose a novel method to capture camera pose to formulate the detector free from extrinsic perturbation. Specifically, the proposed framework predicts camera extrinsic parameters by detecting vanishing point and horizon change. A converter is designed to rectify perturbative features in the latent space. By doing so, our 3D detector works independent of the extrinsic parameter variations and produces accurate results in realistic cases, e.g., potholed and uneven roads, where almost all existing monocular detectors fail to handle. Experiments demonstrate our method yields the best performance compared with the other state-of-the-arts by a large margin on both KITTI 3D and nuScenes datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 69 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jun 2021.

Builds on

48 of 60 references.

References · 48

  1. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
  2. 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
  3. 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
  4. 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
  5. 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
  6. 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
  7. 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
  8. 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 778
  9. 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
  10. 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
  11. 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 455
  12. 20203DSSD: Point-based 3D Single Stage Object Detectorcited by 440
36 more
  1. 20163D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometrycited by 277
  2. 2020Deep Continuous Fusion for Multi-Sensor 3D Object Detectioncited by 263
  3. 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 251
  4. 2018Competitive Collaboration: Joint Unsupervised Learning of Depth, Camera Motion, Optical Flow and Motion Segmentationcited by 222
  5. 2019Disentangling Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 215
  6. 2020SMOKE: Single-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detection via Keypoint Estimationcited by 202
  7. 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 200
  8. 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
  9. 2017DeepVO: Towards End-to-End Visual Odometry with Deep Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 173
  10. 2018BA-Net: Dense Bundle Adjustment Networkcited by 173
  11. 2019Learning Depth-Guided Convolutions for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 169
  12. 2019Stereo R-CNN based 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 163
  13. 2018Unsupervised Learning of Monocular Depth Estimation and Visual Odometry with Deep Feature Reconstructioncited by 159
  14. 2020MonoPair: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Pairwise Spatial Relationshipscited by 153
  15. 2018CodeSLAM - Learning a Compact, Optimisable Representation for Dense Visual SLAMcited by 151
  16. 2019Accurate Monocular Object Detection via Color-Embedded 3D Reconstruction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 137
  17. 2018ROI-10D: Monocular Lifting of 2D Detection to 6D Pose and Metric Shapecited by 123
  18. 2020Kinematic 3D Object Detection in Monocular Videocited by 116
  19. 2020Rethinking Pseudo-LiDAR Representationcited by 109
  20. 2017Deep MANTA: A Coarse-to-fine Many-Task Network for joint 2D and 3D vehicle analysis from monocular imagecited by 95
  21. 2017UnDeepVO: Monocular Visual Odometry through Unsupervised Deep Learningcited by 95
  22. 2018DeepTAM: Deep Tracking and Mappingcited by 87
  23. 2018MonoGRNet: A Geometric Reasoning Network for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 84
  24. 20163D Object Proposals using Stereo Imagery for Accurate Object Class Detectioncited by 58
  25. 2019Recurrent Neural Network for (Un-)supervised Learning of Monocular VideoVisual Odometry and Depthcited by 50
  26. 2020RadarNet: Exploiting Radar for Robust Perception of Dynamic Objectscited by 48
  27. 2019Triangulation Learning Network: from Monocular to Stereo 3D Object Detectioncited by 40
  28. 2020Learning Monocular Visual Odometry via Self-Supervised Long-Term Modelingcited by 39
  29. 2018RoarNet: A Robust 3D Object Detection based on RegiOn Approximation Refinementcited by 31
  30. 2019Beyond Tracking: Selecting Memory and Refining Poses for Deep Visual Odometrycited by 27
  31. 2020Center3D: Center-based Monocular 3D Object Detection with Joint Depth Understandingcited by 25
  32. 2019RefinedMPL: Refined Monocular PseudoLiDAR for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 23
  33. 2016Subcategory-aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Proposals and Detectioncited by 17
  34. 2016Reconstructing Vechicles from a Single Image: Shape Priors for Road Scene Understandingcited by 11
  35. 2018Guided Feature Selection for Deep Visual Odometrycited by 10
  36. 2020Deep Learning on Radar Centric 3D Object Detectioncited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 26; 2023: 22; 2024: 7; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

69 papers.

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  1. 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
  2. 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
  3. 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 334
  4. 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
  5. 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
  6. 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
  7. 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformercited by 108
  8. 2021AutoShape: Real-Time Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 87
  9. 2022MonoDistill: Learning Spatial Features for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 68
  10. 2021Learning Auxiliary Monocular Contexts Helps Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 66
  11. 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
  12. 2022Polar Parametrization for Vision-based Surround-View 3D Detectioncited by 53
38 more
  1. 2022Benchmarking the Robustness of LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 49
  2. 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 45
  3. 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
  4. 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Groundcited by 37
  5. 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 35
  6. 2024SimGen: Simulator-conditioned Driving Scene Generationcited by 34
  7. 2023MonoNeRD: NeRF-like Representations for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 33
  8. 2021Learning to Predict 3D Lane Shape and Camera Pose from a Single Image via Geometry Constraintscited by 30
  9. 2022Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
  10. 2022MonoJSG: Joint Semantic and Geometric Cost Volume for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 30
  11. 2022Densely Constrained Depth Estimator for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 27
  12. 2022Homography Loss for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 24
  13. 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 23
  14. 2023MonoPGC: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pixel Geometry Contextscited by 21
  15. 2024MonoDGP: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Decoupled-Query and Geometry-Error Priorscited by 21
  16. 2022OpenCalib: A Multi-sensor Calibration Toolbox for Autonomous Drivingcited by 18
  17. 2023MonoATT: Online Monocular 3D Object Detection with Adaptive Token Transformercited by 18
  18. 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 18
  19. 2021MonoCInIS: Camera Independent Monocular 3D Object Detection using Instance Segmentationcited by 15
  20. 2023ImGeoNet: Image-induced Geometry-aware Voxel Representation for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
  21. 2023SupFusion: Supervised LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
  22. 2021SGM3D: Stereo Guided Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
  23. 2023NeurOCS: Neural NOCS Supervision for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 13
  24. 2023Leveraging Vision-Centric Multi-Modal Expertise for 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
  25. 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
  26. 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Imagecited by 10
  27. 2024MonoWAD: Weather-Adaptive Diffusion Model for Robust Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
  28. 2023MoGDE: Boosting Mobile Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground Depth Estimationcited by 9
  29. 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
  30. 2023MonoEdge: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Local Perspectivescited by 6
  31. 2022Ground Plane Matters: Picking Up Ground Plane Prior in Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
  32. 2022OBMO: One Bounding Box Multiple Objects for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
  33. 2023GUPNet++: Geometry Uncertainty Propagation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
  34. 2022Depth Is All You Need for Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 4
  35. 2023Rotation Matters: Generalized Monocular 3D Object Detection for Various Camera Systemscited by 3
  36. 2024You Only Look Bottom-Up for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
  37. 2022Reconstruct from BEV: A 3D Lane Detection Approach based on Geometry Structure Priorcited by 2
  38. 2022An Empirical Study of Pseudo-Labeling for Image-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 2

50 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)