Monocular 3D Object Detection: An Extrinsic Parameter Free Approach
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Abstract (arXiv)
Monocular 3D object detection is an important task in autonomous driving. It can be easily intractable where there exists ego-car pose change w.r.t. ground plane. This is common due to the slight fluctuation of road smoothness and slope. Due to the lack of insight in industrial application, existing methods on open datasets neglect the camera pose information, which inevitably results in the detector being susceptible to camera extrinsic parameters. The perturbation of objects is very popular in most autonomous driving cases for industrial products. To this end, we propose a novel method to capture camera pose to formulate the detector free from extrinsic perturbation. Specifically, the proposed framework predicts camera extrinsic parameters by detecting vanishing point and horizon change. A converter is designed to rectify perturbative features in the latent space. By doing so, our 3D detector works independent of the extrinsic parameter variations and produces accurate results in realistic cases, e.g., potholed and uneven roads, where almost all existing monocular detectors fail to handle. Experiments demonstrate our method yields the best performance compared with the other state-of-the-arts by a large margin on both KITTI 3D and nuScenes datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 69 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jun 2021.
Builds on
48 of 60 references.
References · 48
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,267
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,485
- 2016Perceptual Losses for Real-Time Style Transfer and Super-Resolutioncited by 2,678
- 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
- 2014Depth Map Prediction from a Single Image using a Multi-Scale Deep Networkcited by 1,264
- 2019Objects as Pointscited by 1,172
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 939
- 2017Unsupervised Learning of Depth and Ego-Motion from Videocited by 778
- 2016Multi-View 3D Object Detection Network for Autonomous Drivingcited by 721
- 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
- 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 455
- 20203DSSD: Point-based 3D Single Stage Object Detectorcited by 440
36 more
- 20163D Bounding Box Estimation Using Deep Learning and Geometrycited by 277
- 2020Deep Continuous Fusion for Multi-Sensor 3D Object Detectioncited by 263
- 2019M3D-RPN: Monocular 3D Region Proposal Network for Object Detectioncited by 251
- 2018Competitive Collaboration: Joint Unsupervised Learning of Depth, Camera Motion, Optical Flow and Motion Segmentationcited by 222
- 2019Disentangling Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 215
- 2020SMOKE: Single-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detection via Keypoint Estimationcited by 202
- 2016DeMoN: Depth and Motion Network for Learning Monocular Stereocited by 200
- 2018DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motioncited by 185
- 2017DeepVO: Towards End-to-End Visual Odometry with Deep Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 173
- 2018BA-Net: Dense Bundle Adjustment Networkcited by 173
- 2019Learning Depth-Guided Convolutions for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 169
- 2019Stereo R-CNN based 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 163
- 2018Unsupervised Learning of Monocular Depth Estimation and Visual Odometry with Deep Feature Reconstructioncited by 159
- 2020MonoPair: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Pairwise Spatial Relationshipscited by 153
- 2018CodeSLAM - Learning a Compact, Optimisable Representation for Dense Visual SLAMcited by 151
- 2019Accurate Monocular Object Detection via Color-Embedded 3D Reconstruction for Autonomous Drivingcited by 137
- 2018ROI-10D: Monocular Lifting of 2D Detection to 6D Pose and Metric Shapecited by 123
- 2020Kinematic 3D Object Detection in Monocular Videocited by 116
- 2020Rethinking Pseudo-LiDAR Representationcited by 109
- 2017Deep MANTA: A Coarse-to-fine Many-Task Network for joint 2D and 3D vehicle analysis from monocular imagecited by 95
- 2017UnDeepVO: Monocular Visual Odometry through Unsupervised Deep Learningcited by 95
- 2018DeepTAM: Deep Tracking and Mappingcited by 87
- 2018MonoGRNet: A Geometric Reasoning Network for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 84
- 20163D Object Proposals using Stereo Imagery for Accurate Object Class Detectioncited by 58
- 2019Recurrent Neural Network for (Un-)supervised Learning of Monocular VideoVisual Odometry and Depthcited by 50
- 2020RadarNet: Exploiting Radar for Robust Perception of Dynamic Objectscited by 48
- 2019Triangulation Learning Network: from Monocular to Stereo 3D Object Detectioncited by 40
- 2020Learning Monocular Visual Odometry via Self-Supervised Long-Term Modelingcited by 39
- 2018RoarNet: A Robust 3D Object Detection based on RegiOn Approximation Refinementcited by 31
- 2019Beyond Tracking: Selecting Memory and Refining Poses for Deep Visual Odometrycited by 27
- 2020Center3D: Center-based Monocular 3D Object Detection with Joint Depth Understandingcited by 25
- 2019RefinedMPL: Refined Monocular PseudoLiDAR for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 23
- 2016Subcategory-aware Convolutional Neural Networks for Object Proposals and Detectioncited by 17
- 2016Reconstructing Vechicles from a Single Image: Shape Priors for Road Scene Understandingcited by 11
- 2018Guided Feature Selection for Deep Visual Odometrycited by 10
- 2020Deep Learning on Radar Centric 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 26; 2023: 22; 2024: 7; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
69 papers.
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- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 334
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
- 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformercited by 108
- 2021AutoShape: Real-Time Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 87
- 2022MonoDistill: Learning Spatial Features for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 68
- 2021Learning Auxiliary Monocular Contexts Helps Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 66
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Polar Parametrization for Vision-based Surround-View 3D Detectioncited by 53
38 more
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- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 45
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Groundcited by 37
- 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 35
- 2024SimGen: Simulator-conditioned Driving Scene Generationcited by 34
- 2023MonoNeRD: NeRF-like Representations for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 33
- 2021Learning to Predict 3D Lane Shape and Camera Pose from a Single Image via Geometry Constraintscited by 30
- 2022Pseudo-Stereo for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2022MonoJSG: Joint Semantic and Geometric Cost Volume for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 30
- 2022Densely Constrained Depth Estimator for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 27
- 2022Homography Loss for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 24
- 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 23
- 2023MonoPGC: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pixel Geometry Contextscited by 21
- 2024MonoDGP: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Decoupled-Query and Geometry-Error Priorscited by 21
- 2022OpenCalib: A Multi-sensor Calibration Toolbox for Autonomous Drivingcited by 18
- 2023MonoATT: Online Monocular 3D Object Detection with Adaptive Token Transformercited by 18
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 18
- 2021MonoCInIS: Camera Independent Monocular 3D Object Detection using Instance Segmentationcited by 15
- 2023ImGeoNet: Image-induced Geometry-aware Voxel Representation for Multi-view 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2023SupFusion: Supervised LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detectioncited by 14
- 2021SGM3D: Stereo Guided Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2023NeurOCS: Neural NOCS Supervision for Monocular 3D Object Localizationcited by 13
- 2023Leveraging Vision-Centric Multi-Modal Expertise for 3D Object Detectioncited by 13
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 11
- 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Imagecited by 10
- 2024MonoWAD: Weather-Adaptive Diffusion Model for Robust Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 10
- 2023MoGDE: Boosting Mobile Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground Depth Estimationcited by 9
- 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 7
- 2023MonoEdge: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Local Perspectivescited by 6
- 2022Ground Plane Matters: Picking Up Ground Plane Prior in Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2022OBMO: One Bounding Box Multiple Objects for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2023GUPNet++: Geometry Uncertainty Propagation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 5
- 2022Depth Is All You Need for Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 4
- 2023Rotation Matters: Generalized Monocular 3D Object Detection for Various Camera Systemscited by 3
- 2024You Only Look Bottom-Up for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 3
- 2022Reconstruct from BEV: A 3D Lane Detection Approach based on Geometry Structure Priorcited by 2
- 2022An Empirical Study of Pseudo-Labeling for Image-based 3D Object Detectioncited by 2
50 most cited of 69 All 69 (JSON)
- 2026NCGR: Noise-Conditional Gated Rectification for Camera Extrinsic Perturbations in BEV 3D Object Detection4 Aug 2026
- 2025LeAD-M3D: Leveraging Asymmetric Distillation for Real-Time Monocular 3D Detection5 Dec 2025
- 2025Shoe Style-Invariant and Ground-Aware Learning for Dense Foot Contact Estimation27 Nov 2025
- 2025NV3D: Leveraging Spatial Shape Through Normal Vector-based 3D Object Detection13 Oct 2025
- 2025InsFusion: Rethink Instance-level LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection10 Sep 2025
- 2025AuxDepthNet: Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Sensitive Features7 Jan 2025
- 2024MonoDGP: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Decoupled-Query and Geometry-Error Priors25 Oct 2024
- 2024MonoWAD: Weather-Adaptive Diffusion Model for Robust Monocular 3D Object Detection23 Jul 2024
- 2024Explore the LiDAR-Camera Dynamic Adjustment Fusion for 3D Object Detection22 Jul 2024
- 2024SimGen: Simulator-conditioned Driving Scene Generation13 Jun 2024
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Data10 Apr 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Image29 Feb 2024
38 more
- 2024You Only Look Bottom-Up for Monocular 3D Object Detection27 Jan 2024
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detection22 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Transferable Multi-modal Perception Representation Learning for Autonomy: NeRF-Supervised Masked AutoEncoder23 Nov 2023
- 2023Leveraging Vision-Centric Multi-Modal Expertise for 3D Object Detection24 Oct 2023
- 2023GUPNet++: Geometry Uncertainty Propagation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection24 Oct 2023
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficient17 Oct 2023
- 2023Rotation Matters: Generalized Monocular 3D Object Detection for Various Camera Systems9 Oct 2023
- 2023SupFusion: Supervised LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection13 Sep 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Point Clouds Transformer for 3D Object Detection8 Sep 2023
- 2023The Interstate-24 3D Dataset: a new benchmark for 3D multi-camera vehicle tracking28 Aug 2023
- 2023MonoNeRD: NeRF-like Representations for Monocular 3D Object Detection18 Aug 2023
- 2023ImGeoNet: Image-induced Geometry-aware Voxel Representation for Multi-view 3D Object Detection17 Aug 2023
- 2023MonoNext: A 3D Monocular Object Detection with ConvNext1 Aug 2023
- 2023SVDM: Single-View Diffusion Model for Pseudo-Stereo 3D Object Detection5 Jul 2023
- 2023NeurOCS: Neural NOCS Supervision for Monocular 3D Object Localization28 May 2023
- 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detection25 May 2023
- 2023DORT: Modeling Dynamic Objects in Recurrent for Multi-Camera 3D Object Detection and Tracking29 Mar 2023
- 2023MoGDE: Boosting Mobile Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground Depth Estimation23 Mar 2023
- 2023MonoATT: Online Monocular 3D Object Detection with Adaptive Token Transformer23 Mar 2023
- 2023SoftMatch Distance: A Novel Distance for Weakly-Supervised Trend Change Detection in Bi-Temporal Images8 Mar 2023
- 2023MoSS: Monocular Shape Sensing for Continuum Robots2 Mar 2023
- 2023MonoPGC: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Pixel Geometry Contexts21 Feb 2023
- 2023MonoEdge: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Local Perspectives4 Jan 2023
- 2022OBMO: One Bounding Box Multiple Objects for Monocular 3D Object Detection20 Dec 2022
- 2022Attention-Based Depth Distillation with 3D-Aware Positional Encoding for Monocular 3D Object Detection30 Nov 2022
- 2022Ground Plane Matters: Picking Up Ground Plane Prior in Monocular 3D Object Detection3 Nov 2022
- 2022Online LiDAR-Camera Extrinsic Parameters Self-checking19 Oct 2022
- 2022Depth Is All You Need for Monocular 3D Detection5 Oct 2022
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipe12 Sep 2022
- 2022An Empirical Study of Pseudo-Labeling for Image-based 3D Object Detection15 Aug 2022
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wild21 Jul 2022
- 2022Densely Constrained Depth Estimator for Monocular 3D Object Detection20 Jul 2022
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detection18 Jul 2022
- 2022Mix-Teaching: A Simple, Unified and Effective Semi-Supervised Learning Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection10 Jul 2022
- 2022Polar Parametrization for Vision-based Surround-View 3D Detection22 Jun 2022
- 2022Reconstruct from BEV: A 3D Lane Detection Approach based on Geometry Structure Prior21 Jun 2022
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Survey19 Jun 2022
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Ground15 Jun 2022
50 newest of 69 All 69 (JSON)
- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 711
- 2022BEVDet4D: Exploit Temporal Cues in Multi-camera 3D Object Detectioncited by 340
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 334
- 2022Omni3D: A Large Benchmark and Model for 3D Object Detection in the Wildcited by 159
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
- 2022MonoDTR: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Transformercited by 108
- 2021AutoShape: Real-Time Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 87
- 2022MonoDistill: Learning Spatial Features for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 68
- 2021Learning Auxiliary Monocular Contexts Helps Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 66
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Polar Parametrization for Vision-based Surround-View 3D Detectioncited by 53
12 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)
- 2026NCGR: Noise-Conditional Gated Rectification for Camera Extrinsic Perturbations in BEV 3D Object Detection4 Aug 2026
- 2025LeAD-M3D: Leveraging Asymmetric Distillation for Real-Time Monocular 3D Detection5 Dec 2025
- 2025Shoe Style-Invariant and Ground-Aware Learning for Dense Foot Contact Estimation27 Nov 2025
- 2025NV3D: Leveraging Spatial Shape Through Normal Vector-based 3D Object Detection13 Oct 2025
- 2025InsFusion: Rethink Instance-level LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection10 Sep 2025
- 2025AuxDepthNet: Real-Time Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Sensitive Features7 Jan 2025
- 2024MonoDGP: Monocular 3D Object Detection with Decoupled-Query and Geometry-Error Priors25 Oct 2024
- 2024Explore the LiDAR-Camera Dynamic Adjustment Fusion for 3D Object Detection22 Jul 2024
- 2024SimGen: Simulator-conditioned Driving Scene Generation13 Jun 2024
- 2024Sparse Points to Dense Clouds: Enhancing 3D Detection with Limited LiDAR Data10 Apr 2024
- 2024Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection with a Single-View Image29 Feb 2024
- 2024You Only Look Bottom-Up for Monocular 3D Object Detection27 Jan 2024
12 newest of 67 All 67 (JSON)