ROI-10D: Monocular Lifting of 2D Detection to 6D Pose and Metric Shape
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Abstract (arXiv)
We present a deep learning method for end-to-end monocular 3D object detection and metric shape retrieval. We propose a novel loss formulation by lifting 2D detection, orientation, and scale estimation into 3D space. Instead of optimizing these quantities separately, the 3D instantiation allows to properly measure the metric misalignment of boxes. We experimentally show that our 10D lifting of sparse 2D Regions of Interests (RoIs) achieves great results both for 6D pose and recovery of the textured metric geometry of instances. This further enables 3D synthetic data augmentation via inpainting recovered meshes directly onto the 2D scenes. We evaluate on KITTI3D against other strong monocular methods and demonstrate that our approach doubles the AP on the 3D pose metrics on the official test set, defining the new state of the art.
Key facts. Cited by 123 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 42; 2022: 31; 2023: 28; 2024: 9; 2025: 11; 2026: 2.
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- 2021FCOS3D: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 447
- 2021Categorical Depth Distribution Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 327
- 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
- 2021Is Pseudo-Lidar needed for Monocular 3D Object detection?cited by 249
- 2022Language-Grounded Indoor 3D Semantic Segmentation in the Wildcited by 246
- 2021PV-RCNN++: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction With Local Vector Representation for 3D Object Detectioncited by 232
- 2021Objects are Different: Flexible Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 185
- 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 178
- 2021Geometry Uncertainty Projection Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 156
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2021Delving into Localization Errors for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 140
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
38 more
- 2022Delving into the Devils of Bird's-eye-view Perception: A Review, Evaluation and Recipecited by 122
- 2022MUTR3D: A Multi-camera Tracking Framework via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 91
- 2021SO-Pose: Exploiting Self-Occlusion for Direct 6D Pose Estimationcited by 88
- 2021AutoShape: Real-Time Shape-Aware Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 87
- 2021Depth-conditioned Dynamic Message Propagation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 84
- 2021CAPTRA: CAtegory-level Pose Tracking for Rigid and Articulated Objects from Point Cloudscited by 84
- 2021Geometry-based Distance Decomposition for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 84
- 2021Monocular 3D Object Detection: An Extrinsic Parameter Free Approachcited by 69
- 2021Learning Auxiliary Monocular Contexts Helps Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 67
- 2021GrooMeD-NMS: Grouped Mathematically Differentiable NMS for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 66
- 20223D Object Detection from Images for Autonomous Driving: A Surveycited by 66
- 2022Diversity Matters: Fully Exploiting Depth Clues for Reliable Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 46
- 2024Instance-Adaptive and Geometric-Aware Keypoint Learning for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 43
- 2022DID-M3D: Decoupling Instance Depth for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 39
- 2022MonoGround: Detecting Monocular 3D Objects from the Groundcited by 37
- 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 36
- 2021The Devil is in the Task: Exploiting Reciprocal Appearance-Localization Features for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 34
- 2022Occlusion-Aware Self-Supervised Monocular 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 34
- 2023MonoNeRD: NeRF-like Representations for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 33
- 2021Deep Learning on Monocular Object Pose Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Overviewcited by 31
- 2022MonoJSG: Joint Semantic and Geometric Cost Volume for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 30
- 2022CramNet: Camera-Radar Fusion with Ray-Constrained Cross-Attention for Robust 3D Object Detectioncited by 30
- 2021Lidar Point Cloud Guided Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 29
- 2023Open-vocabulary object 6D pose estimationcited by 29
- 2022OPA-3D: Occlusion-Aware Pixel-Wise Aggregation for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 24
- 2022TexPose: Neural Texture Learning for Self-Supervised 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 23
- 2023MonoGAE: Roadside Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground-Aware Embeddingscited by 22
- 2024OmniNOCS: A unified NOCS dataset and model for 3D lifting of 2D objectscited by 22
- 2021MonoGRNet: A General Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2021Learning Geometry-Guided Depth via Projective Modeling for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 20
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detectioncited by 19
- 2022WeakM3D: Towards Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 18
- 2023Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection using Multi-View Projection and Direction Consistencycited by 18
- 2023MonoATT: Online Monocular 3D Object Detection with Adaptive Token Transformercited by 18
- 2022Graph Neural Network and Spatiotemporal Transformer Attention for 3D Video Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 17
- 2023HiPose: Hierarchical Binary Surface Encoding and Correspondence Pruning for RGB-D 6DoF Object Pose Estimationcited by 17
- 2021MonoCInIS: Camera Independent Monocular 3D Object Detection using Instance Segmentationcited by 16
- 2021CloudAAE: Learning 6D Object Pose Regression with On-line Data Synthesis on Point Cloudscited by 15
50 most cited of 123 All 123 (JSON)
- 2026ComPose: A Unified Completion-Pose Framework for Robust Category-Level Object Pose Estimation25 May 2026
- 2026MASAR: Motion-Appearance Synergy Refinement for Joint Detection and Trajectory Forecasting13 Feb 2026
- 20256DAttack: Backdoor Attacks in the 6DoF Pose Estimation22 Dec 2025
- 2025Enhancing 3D Semantic Scene Completion with a Refinement Module20 Dec 2025
- 2025BEVUDA++: Geometric-aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection17 Sep 2025
- 2025Few-Shot Learning in Video and 3D Object Detection: A Survey22 Jul 2025
- 2025Vision-based Lifting of 2D Object Detections for Automated Driving13 Jun 2025
- 2025RefPose: Leveraging Reference Geometric Correspondences for Accurate 6D Pose Estimation of Unseen Objects16 May 2025
- 2025GATE3D: Generalized Attention-based Task-synergized Estimation in 3D*15 Apr 2025
- 2025MonoDiff9D: Monocular Category-Level 9D Object Pose Estimation via Diffusion Model14 Apr 2025
- 2025Detection Based Part-level Articulated Object Reconstruction from Single RGBD Image4 Apr 2025
- 2025GIVEPose: Gradual Intra-class Variation Elimination for RGB-based Category-Level Object Pose Estimation19 Mar 2025
38 more
- 2025CA-W3D: Leveraging Context-Aware Knowledge for Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection6 Mar 2025
- 2024Efficient Feature Aggregation and Scale-Aware Regression for Monocular 3D Object Detection5 Nov 2024
- 2024CVCP-Fusion: On Implicit Depth Estimation for 3D Bounding Box Prediction15 Oct 2024
- 2024General Geometry-aware Weakly Supervised 3D Object Detection18 Jul 2024
- 2024OmniNOCS: A unified NOCS dataset and model for 3D lifting of 2D objects11 Jul 2024
- 2024High-resolution open-vocabulary object 6D pose estimation24 Jun 2024
- 2024Instance-Adaptive and Geometric-Aware Keypoint Learning for Category-Level 6D Object Pose Estimation28 Mar 2024
- 2024Multi-task Learning for Real-time Autonomous Driving Leveraging Task-adaptive Attention Generator6 Mar 2024
- 2024Leveraging Positional Encoding for Robust Multi-Reference-Based Object 6D Pose Estimation29 Jan 2024
- 2024Depth-discriminative Metric Learning for Monocular 3D Object Detection2 Jan 2024
- 2023MonoLSS: Learnable Sample Selection For Monocular 3D Detection22 Dec 2023
- 2023BEVSeg2TP: Surround View Camera Bird's-Eye-View Based Joint Vehicle Segmentation and Ego Vehicle Trajectory Prediction20 Dec 2023
- 2023Open-vocabulary object 6D pose estimation1 Dec 2023
- 2023PViT-6D: Overclocking Vision Transformers for 6D Pose Estimation with Confidence-Level Prediction and Pose Tokens29 Nov 2023
- 2023HiPose: Hierarchical Binary Surface Encoding and Correspondence Pruning for RGB-D 6DoF Object Pose Estimation21 Nov 2023
- 2023GUPNet++: Geometry Uncertainty Propagation Network for Monocular 3D Object Detection24 Oct 2023
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficient17 Oct 2023
- 2023Towards Fair and Comprehensive Comparisons for Image-Based 3D Object Detection9 Oct 2023
- 2023Rotation Matters: Generalized Monocular 3D Object Detection for Various Camera Systems9 Oct 2023
- 2023MonoGAE: Roadside Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground-Aware Embeddings30 Sep 2023
- 2023AdvMono3D: Advanced Monocular 3D Object Detection with Depth-Aware Robust Adversarial Training3 Sep 2023
- 2023Perspective-aware Convolution for Monocular 3D Object Detection24 Aug 2023
- 2023Pseudo Flow Consistency for Self-Supervised 6D Object Pose Estimation19 Aug 2023
- 2023MonoNeRD: NeRF-like Representations for Monocular 3D Object Detection18 Aug 2023
- 2023ImGeoNet: Image-induced Geometry-aware Voxel Representation for Multi-view 3D Object Detection17 Aug 2023
- 2023Revisiting Fully Convolutional Geometric Features for Object 6D Pose Estimation28 Jul 2023
- 2023View-to-Label: Multi-View Consistency for Self-Supervised 3D Object Detection29 May 2023
- 2023RC-BEVFusion: A Plug-In Module for Radar-Camera Bird's Eye View Feature Fusion25 May 2023
- 2023Learning Occupancy for Monocular 3D Object Detection25 May 2023
- 2023MonoTDP: Twin Depth Perception for Monocular 3D Object Detection in Adverse Scenes18 May 2023
- 2023A Benchmark for Cycling Close Pass Detection from Video Streams24 Apr 2023
- 2023CheckerPose: Progressive Dense Keypoint Localization for Object Pose Estimation with Graph Neural Network29 Mar 2023
- 2023MoGDE: Boosting Mobile Monocular 3D Object Detection with Ground Depth Estimation23 Mar 2023
- 2023MonoATT: Online Monocular 3D Object Detection with Adaptive Token Transformer23 Mar 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Object Detection using Multi-View Projection and Direction Consistency15 Mar 2023
- 2023Category-level Shape Estimation for Densely Cluttered Objects23 Feb 2023
- 2023Unleash the Potential of Image Branch for Cross-modal 3D Object Detection22 Jan 2023
- 2023MonoEdge: Monocular 3D Object Detection Using Local Perspectives4 Jan 2023
50 newest of 123 All 123 (JSON)
- 2022Unsupervised Spike Depth Estimation via Cross-modality Cross-domain Knowledge Transfercited by 8
- 20223D-Augmented Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Image-based Object Pose Estimationcited by 2
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficientcited by 1
- 2023MonoSKD: General Distillation Framework for Monocular 3D Object Detection via Spearman Correlation Coefficient17 Oct 2023
- 2022Unsupervised Spike Depth Estimation via Cross-modality Cross-domain Knowledge Transfer26 Aug 2022
- 20223D-Augmented Contrastive Knowledge Distillation for Image-based Object Pose Estimation2 Jun 2022
- 2021FCOS3D: Fully Convolutional One-Stage Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 447
- 2021Categorical Depth Distribution Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 327
- 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
- 2021Is Pseudo-Lidar needed for Monocular 3D Object detection?cited by 249
- 2022Language-Grounded Indoor 3D Semantic Segmentation in the Wildcited by 246
- 2021PV-RCNN++: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction With Local Vector Representation for 3D Object Detectioncited by 232
- 2021Objects are Different: Flexible Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 185
- 2022Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 178
- 2021Geometry Uncertainty Projection Network for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 156
- 2021GDRNPP: A Geometry-guided and Fully Learning-based Object Pose Estimatorcited by 148
- 2021Delving into Localization Errors for Monocular 3D Object Detectioncited by 140
- 20223D Object Detection for Autonomous Driving: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 132
12 most cited of 118 All 118 (JSON)
- 2026ComPose: A Unified Completion-Pose Framework for Robust Category-Level Object Pose Estimation25 May 2026
- 2026MASAR: Motion-Appearance Synergy Refinement for Joint Detection and Trajectory Forecasting13 Feb 2026
- 20256DAttack: Backdoor Attacks in the 6DoF Pose Estimation22 Dec 2025
- 2025Enhancing 3D Semantic Scene Completion with a Refinement Module20 Dec 2025
- 2025BEVUDA++: Geometric-aware Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection17 Sep 2025
- 2025Few-Shot Learning in Video and 3D Object Detection: A Survey22 Jul 2025
- 2025Vision-based Lifting of 2D Object Detections for Automated Driving13 Jun 2025
- 2025RefPose: Leveraging Reference Geometric Correspondences for Accurate 6D Pose Estimation of Unseen Objects16 May 2025
- 2025GATE3D: Generalized Attention-based Task-synergized Estimation in 3D*15 Apr 2025
- 2025Detection Based Part-level Articulated Object Reconstruction from Single RGBD Image4 Apr 2025
- 2025GIVEPose: Gradual Intra-class Variation Elimination for RGB-based Category-Level Object Pose Estimation19 Mar 2025
- 2025CA-W3D: Leveraging Context-Aware Knowledge for Weakly Supervised Monocular 3D Detection6 Mar 2025
12 newest of 118 All 118 (JSON)