The MineRL BASALT Competition on Learning from Human Feedback
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Abstract (arXiv)
The last decade has seen a significant increase of interest in deep learning research, with many public successes that have demonstrated its potential. As such, these systems are now being incorporated into commercial products. With this comes an additional challenge: how can we build AI systems that solve tasks where there is not a crisp, well-defined specification? While multiple solutions have been proposed, in this competition we focus on one in particular: learning from human feedback. Rather than training AI systems using a predefined reward function or using a labeled dataset with a predefined set of categories, we instead train the AI system using a learning signal derived from some form of human feedback, which can evolve over time as the understanding of the task changes, or as the capabilities of the AI system improve. The MineRL BASALT competition aims to spur forward research on this important class of techniques. We design a suite of four tasks in Minecraft for which we expect it will be hard to write down hardcoded reward functions. These tasks are defined by a paragraph of natural language: for example, "create a waterfall and take a scenic picture of it", with additional clarifying details. Participants must train a separate agent for each task, using any method they want. Agents are then evaluated by humans who have read the task description. To help participants get started, we provide a dataset of human demonstrations on each of the four tasks, as well as an imitation learning baseline that leverages these demonstrations. Our hope is that this competition will improve our ability to build AI systems that do what their designers intend them to do, even when the intent cannot be easily formalized. Besides allowing AI to solve more tasks, this can also enable more effective regulation of AI systems, as well as making progress on the value alignment problem.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jul 2021.
Builds on
16 of 43 references.
References · 16
- 2017Deep reinforcement learning from human preferencescited by 3,846
- 2020Learning to summarize from human feedbackcited by 2,562
- 2016Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 1,576
- 2017Learning Robust Rewards with Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 485
- 2018Large-Scale Study of Curiosity-Driven Learningcited by 277
- 2017Inverse Reward Designcited by 246
- 2018Discriminator-Actor-Critic: Addressing Sample Inefficiency and Reward Bias in Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 203
- 2017Deep TAMER: Interactive Agent Shaping in High-Dimensional State Spacescited by 122
- 2020Reward-rational (implicit) choice: A unifying formalism for reward learningcited by 119
- 2021The MineRL 2020 Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning using Human Priorscited by 40
- 2017Society-in-the-Loop: Programming the Algorithmic Social Contractcited by 35
- 2019Preferences Implicit in the State of the Worldcited by 33
4 more
- 2019CraftAssist: A Framework for Dialogue-enabled Interactive Agentscited by 27
- 2018Generative Design in Minecraft (GDMC), Settlement Generation Competitioncited by 22
- 2020From Optimizing Engagement to Measuring Valuecited by 21
- 2019The Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning in Malm"O (MARL"O) Competitioncited by 14
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 7; 2023: 10; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
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- 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledgecited by 469
- 2023A Survey of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 259
- 2021TEACh: Task-driven Embodied Agents that Chatcited by 194
- 2023Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlookcited by 109
- 2023MCU: An Evaluation Framework for Open-Ended Game Agentscited by 33
- 2022A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2023Improving Grounded Language Understanding in a Collaborative Environment by Interacting with Agents Through Help Feedbackcited by 31
- 2022MineRL Diamond 2021 Competition: Overview, Results, and Lessons Learnedcited by 26
- 2023Towards Solving Fuzzy Tasks with Human Feedback: A Retrospective of the MineRL BASALT 2022 Competitioncited by 15
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Datasetcited by 13
- 2023Navigates Like Me: Understanding How People Evaluate Human-Like AI in Video Gamescited by 10
- 2025PLAICraft: Large-Scale Time-Aligned Vision-Speech-Action Dataset for Embodied AIcited by 10
12 more
- 2022Behavioral Cloning via Search in Video PreTraining Latent Spacecited by 9
- 2023BEDD: The MineRL BASALT Evaluation and Demonstrations Dataset for Training and Benchmarking Agents that Solve Fuzzy Taskscited by 8
- 2022Retrospective on the 2021 BASALT Competition on Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 5
- 2021Combining Learning from Human Feedback and Knowledge Engineering to Solve Hierarchical Tasks in Minecraftcited by 3
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Datasetcited by 3
- 2023DIP-RL: Demonstration-Inferred Preference Learning in Minecraftcited by 2
- 2024A Survey on Complex Tasks for Goal-Directed Interactive Agentscited by 2
- 2022Improving Behavioural Cloning with Human-Driven Dynamic Dataset Augmentationcited by 1
- 2022Many Episode Learning in a Modular Embodied Agent via End-to-End Interactioncited by 1
- 2023Interaction is all You Need? A Study of Robots Ability to Understand and Executecited by 1
- 2021Neural Abstructions: Abstractions that Support Construction for Grounded Language Learningcited by 0
- 2026PROWL: Prioritized Regret-Driven Optimization for World Model Learningcited by 0
- 2026PROWL: Prioritized Regret-Driven Optimization for World Model Learning11 May 2026
- 2025PLAICraft: Large-Scale Time-Aligned Vision-Speech-Action Dataset for Embodied AI19 May 2025
- 2024A Survey on Complex Tasks for Goal-Directed Interactive Agents27 Sep 2024
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Dataset29 Jan 2024
- 2023A Survey of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback22 Dec 2023
- 2023BEDD: The MineRL BASALT Evaluation and Demonstrations Dataset for Training and Benchmarking Agents that Solve Fuzzy Tasks5 Dec 2023
- 2023Interaction is all You Need? A Study of Robots Ability to Understand and Execute13 Nov 2023
- 2023MCU: An Evaluation Framework for Open-Ended Game Agents12 Oct 2023
- 2023Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlook25 Jul 2023
- 2023DIP-RL: Demonstration-Inferred Preference Learning in Minecraft22 Jul 2023
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Dataset15 Jun 2023
- 2023Improving Grounded Language Understanding in a Collaborative Environment by Interacting with Agents Through Help Feedback21 Apr 2023
12 more
- 2023Towards Solving Fuzzy Tasks with Human Feedback: A Retrospective of the MineRL BASALT 2022 Competition23 Mar 2023
- 2023Navigates Like Me: Understanding How People Evaluate Human-Like AI in Video Games2 Mar 2023
- 2022Behavioral Cloning via Search in Video PreTraining Latent Space27 Dec 2022
- 2022MineDojo: Building Open-Ended Embodied Agents with Internet-Scale Knowledge17 Jun 2022
- 2022Many Episode Learning in a Modular Embodied Agent via End-to-End Interaction19 Apr 2022
- 2022Retrospective on the 2021 BASALT Competition on Learning from Human Feedback14 Apr 2022
- 2022MineRL Diamond 2021 Competition: Overview, Results, and Lessons Learned17 Feb 2022
- 2022A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learning17 Feb 2022
- 2022Improving Behavioural Cloning with Human-Driven Dynamic Dataset Augmentation19 Jan 2022
- 2021Combining Learning from Human Feedback and Knowledge Engineering to Solve Hierarchical Tasks in Minecraft7 Dec 2021
- 2021TEACh: Task-driven Embodied Agents that Chat1 Oct 2021
- 2021Neural Abstructions: Abstractions that Support Construction for Grounded Language Learning20 Jul 2021
- 2023A Survey of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 259
- 2023Towards Solving Fuzzy Tasks with Human Feedback: A Retrospective of the MineRL BASALT 2022 Competitioncited by 15
- 2022Retrospective on the 2021 BASALT Competition on Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 5
- 2021Combining Learning from Human Feedback and Knowledge Engineering to Solve Hierarchical Tasks in Minecraftcited by 3
- 2023A Survey of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback22 Dec 2023
- 2023Towards Solving Fuzzy Tasks with Human Feedback: A Retrospective of the MineRL BASALT 2022 Competition23 Mar 2023
- 2022Retrospective on the 2021 BASALT Competition on Learning from Human Feedback14 Apr 2022
- 2021Combining Learning from Human Feedback and Knowledge Engineering to Solve Hierarchical Tasks in Minecraft7 Dec 2021
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Datasetcited by 13
- 2022Behavioral Cloning via Search in Video PreTraining Latent Spacecited by 9
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Datasetcited by 3
- 2022Improving Behavioural Cloning with Human-Driven Dynamic Dataset Augmentationcited by 1
- 2024Zero-shot Imitation Policy via Search in Demonstration Dataset29 Jan 2024
- 2023Behavioral Cloning via Search in Embedded Demonstration Dataset15 Jun 2023
- 2022Behavioral Cloning via Search in Video PreTraining Latent Space27 Dec 2022
- 2022Improving Behavioural Cloning with Human-Driven Dynamic Dataset Augmentation19 Jan 2022
- 2021TEACh: Task-driven Embodied Agents that Chatcited by 194
- 2023Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlookcited by 109
- 2023MCU: An Evaluation Framework for Open-Ended Game Agentscited by 33
- 2022A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learningcited by 31
- 2023Improving Grounded Language Understanding in a Collaborative Environment by Interacting with Agents Through Help Feedbackcited by 31
- 2022MineRL Diamond 2021 Competition: Overview, Results, and Lessons Learnedcited by 26
- 2023Navigates Like Me: Understanding How People Evaluate Human-Like AI in Video Gamescited by 10
- 2025PLAICraft: Large-Scale Time-Aligned Vision-Speech-Action Dataset for Embodied AIcited by 10
- 2023BEDD: The MineRL BASALT Evaluation and Demonstrations Dataset for Training and Benchmarking Agents that Solve Fuzzy Taskscited by 8
- 2023DIP-RL: Demonstration-Inferred Preference Learning in Minecraftcited by 2
- 2022Many Episode Learning in a Modular Embodied Agent via End-to-End Interactioncited by 1
- 2023Interaction is all You Need? A Study of Robots Ability to Understand and Executecited by 1
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2025PLAICraft: Large-Scale Time-Aligned Vision-Speech-Action Dataset for Embodied AI19 May 2025
- 2023BEDD: The MineRL BASALT Evaluation and Demonstrations Dataset for Training and Benchmarking Agents that Solve Fuzzy Tasks5 Dec 2023
- 2023Interaction is all You Need? A Study of Robots Ability to Understand and Execute13 Nov 2023
- 2023MCU: An Evaluation Framework for Open-Ended Game Agents12 Oct 2023
- 2023Foundational Models Defining a New Era in Vision: A Survey and Outlook25 Jul 2023
- 2023DIP-RL: Demonstration-Inferred Preference Learning in Minecraft22 Jul 2023
- 2023Improving Grounded Language Understanding in a Collaborative Environment by Interacting with Agents Through Help Feedback21 Apr 2023
- 2023Navigates Like Me: Understanding How People Evaluate Human-Like AI in Video Games2 Mar 2023
- 2022Many Episode Learning in a Modular Embodied Agent via End-to-End Interaction19 Apr 2022
- 2022MineRL Diamond 2021 Competition: Overview, Results, and Lessons Learned17 Feb 2022
- 2022A Survey of Explainable Reinforcement Learning17 Feb 2022
- 2021TEACh: Task-driven Embodied Agents that Chat1 Oct 2021
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
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- 2023Reinforcement Learning Friendly Vision-Language Model for Minecraft
- 2023Mastering Diverse Domains through World Models