mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Open-set Label Noise Can Improve Robustness Against Inherent Label Noise

arXiv 2106.10891 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2021cs.LG cs.AIcited by 59

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Abstract (arXiv)

Learning with noisy labels is a practically challenging problem in weakly supervised learning. In the existing literature, open-set noises are always considered to be poisonous for generalization, similar to closed-set noises. In this paper, we empirically show that open-set noisy labels can be non-toxic and even benefit the robustness against inherent noisy labels. Inspired by the observations, we propose a simple yet effective regularization by introducing Open-set samples with Dynamic Noisy Labels (ODNL) into training. With ODNL, the extra capacity of the neural network can be largely consumed in a way that does not interfere with learning patterns from clean data. Through the lens of SGD noise, we show that the noises induced by our method are random-direction, conflict-free and biased, which may help the model converge to a flat minimum with superior stability and enforce the model to produce conservative predictions on Out-of-Distribution instances. Extensive experimental results on benchmark datasets with various types of noisy labels demonstrate that the proposed method not only enhances the performance of many existing robust algorithms but also achieves significant improvement on Out-of-Distribution detection tasks even in the label noise setting.

Key facts. Cited by 59 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 61 of its 92 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2021.

Builds on

61 of 92 references.

References · 61

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  1. 2015LSUN: Construction of a Large-scale Image Dataset using Deep Learning with Humans in the Loopcited by 1,355
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50 most cited of 61 All 61 (JSON)

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 10; 2023: 19; 2024: 15; 2025: 10; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2022Mitigating Neural Network Overconfidence with Logit Normalizationcited by 252
  2. 2021Detecting Corrupted Labels Without Training a Model to Predictcited by 58
  3. 2023OpenMix: Exploring Outlier Samples for Misclassification Detectioncited by 38
  4. 2022Towards Robust Ranker for Text Retrievalcited by 37
  5. 2022To Aggregate or Not? Learning with Separate Noisy Labelscited by 29
  6. 2022Beyond Images: Label Noise Transition Matrix Estimation for Tasks with Lower-Quality Featurescited by 27
  7. 2021Mitigating Memorization of Noisy Labels via Regularization between Representationscited by 26
  8. 2022Open-Sampling: Exploring Out-of-Distribution data for Re-balancing Long-tailed datasetscited by 25
  9. 2022Meta-Query-Net: Resolving Purity-Informativeness Dilemma in Open-set Active Learningcited by 25
  10. 2023On the Effectiveness of Out-of-Distribution Data in Self-Supervised Long-Tail Learningcited by 20
  11. 2022Identifying Hard Noise in Long-Tailed Sample Distributioncited by 19
  12. 2022Instance-Dependent Noisy Label Learning via Graphical Modellingcited by 17
38 more
  1. 2022Weak Proxies are Sufficient and Preferable for Fairness with Missing Sensitive Attributescited by 17
  2. 2023Learning to Segment from Noisy Annotations: A Spatial Correction Approachcited by 17
  3. 2023Distributionally Robust Post-hoc Classifiers under Prior Shiftscited by 16
  4. 2023EAT: Towards Long-Tailed Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 16
  5. 2023ReSup: Reliable Label Noise Suppression for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 14
  6. 2023NNG-Mix: Improving Semi-supervised Anomaly Detection with Pseudo-anomaly Generationcited by 14
  7. 2024Learning Discriminative Dynamics with Label Corruption for Noisy Label Detectioncited by 9
  8. 2024Understanding and Mitigating Miscalibration in Prompt Tuning for Vision-Language Modelscited by 9
  9. 2023Unlocking the Power of Open Set : A New Perspective for Open-Set Noisy Label Learningcited by 8
  10. 2024Skeleton-Based Human Action Recognition with Noisy Labelscited by 8
  11. 2024Noisy Label Processing for Classification: A Surveycited by 8
  12. 2024AdaCo: Overcoming Visual Foundation Model Noise in 3D Semantic Segmentation via Adaptive Label Correctioncited by 6
  13. 2024Mitigating Label Noise using Prompt-Based Hyperbolic Meta-Learning in Open-Set Domain Generalizationcited by 6
  14. 2025Probabilistic Machine Learning for Noisy Labels in Earth Observationcited by 6
  15. 2025Bounded and Uniform Energy-based Out-of-distribution Detection for Graphscited by 6
  16. 2023Fairness Improves Learning from Noisily Labeled Long-Tailed Datacited by 5
  17. 2025Exploring the Noise Robustness of Online Conformal Predictioncited by 5
  18. 2025When VLMs Meet Image Classification: Test Sets Renovation via Missing Label Identificationcited by 5
  19. 2023Combining Deep Learning and Street View Imagery to Map Smallholder Crop Typescited by 4
  20. 2024Dirichlet-based Per-Sample Weighting by Transition Matrix for Noisy Label Learningcited by 4
  21. 2025Enhancing Sample Selection Against Label Noise by Cutting Mislabeled Easy Examplescited by 4
  22. 2025Sample Selection via Contrastive Fragmentation for Noisy Label Regressioncited by 4
  23. 2022Pareto Optimization for Active Learning under Out-of-Distribution Data Scenarioscited by 3
  24. 2023TextileNet: A Material Taxonomy-based Fashion Textile Datasetcited by 3
  25. 2023Efficient and Robust Quantization-aware Training via Adaptive Coreset Selectioncited by 2
  26. 2023Elucidating and Overcoming the Challenges of Label Noise in Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2
  27. 2024Con4m: Context-aware Consistency Learning Framework for Segmented Time Series Classificationcited by 2
  28. 2025An Inclusive Theoretical Framework of Robust Supervised Contrastive Loss against Label Noisecited by 2
  29. 2026Can LLMs Learn to Reason Robustly under Noisy Supervision?cited by 2
  30. 2023PASS: Peer-Agreement based Sample Selection for training with Noisy Labelscited by 1
  31. 2023A Unified Evaluation Framework for Novelty Detection and Accommodation in NLP with an Instantiation in Authorship Attributioncited by 1
  32. 2023Label Noise: Correcting the Forward-Correctioncited by 1
  33. 2024Unleashing the Potential of Open-set Noisy Samples Against Label Noise for Medical Image Classificationcited by 1
  34. 2024Noisy Early Stopping for Noisy Labelscited by 1
  35. 2024RepFace: Refining Closed-Set Noise with Progressive Label Correction for Face Recognitioncited by 1
  36. 2025Harnessing Feature Resonance under Arbitrary Target Alignment for Out-of-Distribution Node Detectioncited by 1
  37. 2025EReLiFM: Evidential Reliability-Aware Residual Flow Meta-Learning for Open-Set Domain Generalization under Noisy Labelscited by 1
  38. 2023Partial-label Learning with Mixed Closed-set and Open-set Out-of-candidate Examplescited by 0

50 most cited of 59 All 59 (JSON)