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DeeperForensics-1.0: A Large-Scale Dataset for Real-World Face Forgery Detection

arXiv 2001.03024 ↗First posted 9 Jan 2020cs.CV cs.LGcited by 251

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Abstract (arXiv)

We present our on-going effort of constructing a large-scale benchmark for face forgery detection. The first version of this benchmark, DeeperForensics-1.0, represents the largest face forgery detection dataset by far, with 60,000 videos constituted by a total of 17.6 million frames, 10 times larger than existing datasets of the same kind. Extensive real-world perturbations are applied to obtain a more challenging benchmark of larger scale and higher diversity. All source videos in DeeperForensics-1.0 are carefully collected, and fake videos are generated by a newly proposed end-to-end face swapping framework. The quality of generated videos outperforms those in existing datasets, validated by user studies. The benchmark features a hidden test set, which contains manipulated videos achieving high deceptive scores in human evaluations. We further contribute a comprehensive study that evaluates five representative detection baselines and make a thorough analysis of different settings.

Key facts. Cited by 251 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 32; 2022: 43; 2023: 46; 2024: 56; 2025: 40; 2026: 34.

251 papers.

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  1. 2022Detecting Deepfakes with Self-Blended Imagescited by 332
  2. 2021Generalizing Face Forgery Detection with High-frequency Featurescited by 261
  3. 2021FakeAVCeleb: A Novel Audio-Video Multimodal Deepfake Datasetcited by 179
  4. 2022Self-supervised Learning of Adversarial Example: Towards Good Generalizations for Deepfake Detectioncited by 172
  5. 2023DeepfakeBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Deepfake Detectioncited by 162
  6. 2021Exploring Temporal Coherence for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 158
  7. 2023Hierarchical Fine-Grained Image Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 134
  8. 2022Leveraging Real Talking Faces via Self-Supervision for Robust Forgery Detectioncited by 130
  9. 2023Transcending Forgery Specificity with Latent Space Augmentation for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
  10. 2024DF40: Toward Next-Generation Deepfake Detectioncited by 126
  11. 2021ForgeryNet: A Versatile Benchmark for Comprehensive Forgery Analysiscited by 124
  12. 2021One Shot Face Swapping on Megapixelscited by 105
38 more
  1. 2024Orthogonal Subspace Decomposition for Generalizable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 102
  2. 2023TALL: Thumbnail Layout for Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 100
  3. 2023Detecting and Grounding Multi-Modal Media Manipulationcited by 98
  4. 2022Protecting Celebrities from DeepFake with Identity Consistency Transformercited by 95
  5. 2021HifiFace: 3D Shape and Semantic Prior Guided High Fidelity Face Swappingcited by 92
  6. 2021Face Forensics in the Wildcited by 87
  7. 2023Self-Supervised Video Forensics by Audio-Visual Anomaly Detectioncited by 84
  8. 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
  9. 2021Combining EfficientNet and Vision Transformers for Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 81
  10. 2021KoDF: A Large-scale Korean DeepFake Detection Datasetcited by 80
  11. 2023AV-Deepfake1M: A Large-Scale LLM-Driven Audio-Visual Deepfake Datasetcited by 79
  12. 2023AltFreezing for More General Video Face Forgery Detectioncited by 78
  13. 2023BlendFace: Re-designing Identity Encoders for Face-Swappingcited by 66
  14. 2024Deepfake Generation and Detection: A Benchmark and Surveycited by 66
  15. 2023AntifakePrompt: Prompt-Tuned Vision-Language Models are Fake Image Detectorscited by 64
  16. 2024AVFF: Audio-Visual Feature Fusion for Video Deepfake Detectioncited by 59
  17. 2024FFAA: Multimodal Large Language Model based Explainable Open-World Face Forgery Analysis Assistantcited by 59
  18. 2021Deepfake Detection by Human Crowds, Machines, and Machine-informed Crowdscited by 58
  19. 2024Exploiting Style Latent Flows for Generalizing Deepfake Video Detectioncited by 58
  20. 2021Improving the Efficiency and Robustness of Deepfakes Detection through Precise Geometric Featurescited by 57
  21. 2024Generalizing Deepfake Video Detection with Plug-and-Play: Video-Level Blending and Spatiotemporal Adapter Tuningcited by 57
  22. 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
  23. 2023Detecting and Grounding Multi-Modal Media Manipulation and Beyondcited by 55
  24. 2023Multimodal Automated Fact-Checking: A Surveycited by 51
  25. 2021OpenForensics: Large-Scale Challenging Dataset For Multi-Face Forgery Detection And Segmentation In-The-Wildcited by 50
  26. 2023Beyond the Prior Forgery Knowledge: Mining Critical Clues for General Face Forgery Detectioncited by 50
  27. 2022SeeABLE: Soft Discrepancies and Bounded Contrastive Learning for Exposing Deepfakescited by 49
  28. 2022Deepfake Detection: A Comprehensive Survey from the Reliability Perspectivecited by 48
  29. 2022A Continual Deepfake Detection Benchmark: Dataset, Methods, and Essentialscited by 45
  30. 2023Glitch in the Matrix: A Large Scale Benchmark for Content Driven Audio-Visual Forgery Detection and Localizationcited by 42
  31. 2022Delving into Sequential Patches for Deepfake Detectioncited by 41
  32. 2025Deepfake-Eval-2024: A Multi-Modal In-the-Wild Benchmark of Deepfakes Circulated in 2024cited by 40
  33. 2022StyleSwap: Style-Based Generator Empowers Robust Face Swappingcited by 39
  34. 2024Towards More General Video-based Deepfake Detection through Facial Component Guided Adaptation for Foundation Modelcited by 37
  35. 2023Robustness and Generalizability of Deepfake Detection: A Study with Diffusion Modelscited by 36
  36. 2024X2-DFD: A framework for eXplainable and eXtendable Deepfake Detectioncited by 35
  37. 2021An Examination of Fairness of AI Models for Deepfake Detectioncited by 34
  38. 2022On Improving Cross-dataset Generalization of Deepfake Detectorscited by 34

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