The MegaFace Benchmark: 1 Million Faces for Recognition at Scale
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent face recognition experiments on a major benchmark LFW show stunning performance--a number of algorithms achieve near to perfect score, surpassing human recognition rates. In this paper, we advocate evaluations at the million scale (LFW includes only 13K photos of 5K people). To this end, we have assembled the MegaFace dataset and created the first MegaFace challenge. Our dataset includes One Million photos that capture more than 690K different individuals. The challenge evaluates performance of algorithms with increasing numbers of distractors (going from 10 to 1M) in the gallery set. We present both identification and verification performance, evaluate performance with respect to pose and a person's age, and compare as a function of training data size (number of photos and people). We report results of state of the art and baseline algorithms. Our key observations are that testing at the million scale reveals big performance differences (of algorithms that perform similarly well on smaller scale) and that age invariant recognition as well as pose are still challenging for most. The MegaFace dataset, baseline code, and evaluation scripts, are all publicly released for further experimentations at: megaface.cs.washington.edu.
Key facts. Cited by 199 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2015.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 57; 2022: 55; 2023: 43; 2024: 24; 2025: 14; 2026: 6.
199 papers.
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- 2021Domain Generalization: A Surveycited by 760
- 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practicalcited by 276
- 2021WebFace260M: A Benchmark Unveiling the Power of Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 221
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- 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
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- 2022Generative Domain Adaptation for Face Anti-Spoofingcited by 33
- 2021When Age-Invariant Face Recognition Meets Face Age Synthesis: A Multi-Task Learning Frameworkcited by 29
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50 most cited of 199 All 199 (JSON)
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- 2025QCFace: Image Quality Control for boosting Face Representation & Recognition17 Oct 2025
- 2025ExpFace: Exponential Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition24 Sep 2025
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- 2024F-Bench: Rethinking Human Preference Evaluation Metrics for Benchmarking Face Generation, Customization, and Restoration17 Dec 2024
- 2024RepFace: Refining Closed-Set Noise with Progressive Label Correction for Face Recognition16 Dec 2024
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- 2023Cross-Age Contrastive Learning for Age-Invariant Face Recognition18 Dec 2023
- 2023Improved Face Representation via Joint Label Classification and Supervised Contrastive Clustering7 Dec 2023
- 2023SoUnD Framework: Analyzing (So)cial Representation in (Un)structured (D)ata28 Nov 2023
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- 2023Quality-Aware Prototype Memory for Face Representation Learning13 Nov 2023
50 newest of 199 All 199 (JSON)
- 2023Overconfidence is a Dangerous Thing: Mitigating Membership Inference Attacks by Enforcing Less Confident Predictioncited by 26
- 2022Evaluating Membership Inference Through Adversarial Robustnesscited by 7
- 2025Membership Inference Attacks Beyond Overfittingcited by 1
- 2026Membership Inference for Contrastive Pre-training Models with Text-only PII Queriescited by 0
- 2026Membership Inference for Contrastive Pre-training Models with Text-only PII Queries15 Mar 2026
- 2025Membership Inference Attacks Beyond Overfitting20 Nov 2025
- 2023Overconfidence is a Dangerous Thing: Mitigating Membership Inference Attacks by Enforcing Less Confident Prediction4 Jul 2023
- 2022Evaluating Membership Inference Through Adversarial Robustness14 May 2022
- 2021Domain Generalization: A Surveycited by 760
- 2023Poisoning Web-Scale Training Datasets is Practicalcited by 276
- 2021WebFace260M: A Benchmark Unveiling the Power of Million-Scale Deep Face Recognitioncited by 221
- 2021ElasticFace: Elastic Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 143
- 2021SynFace: Face Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 106
- 2021Reduced, Reused and Recycled: The Life of a Dataset in Machine Learning Researchcited by 100
- 2021LowKey: Leveraging Adversarial Attacks to Protect Social Media Users from Facial Recognitioncited by 92
- 2022DigiFace-1M: 1 Million Digital Face Images for Face Recognitioncited by 92
- 2022Physical Adversarial Attack meets Computer Vision: A Decade Surveycited by 66
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2021Countering Malicious DeepFakes: Survey, Battleground, and Horizoncited by 56
- 2022Meta Balanced Network for Fair Face Recognitioncited by 53
12 most cited of 190 All 190 (JSON)
- 2026Face De-Identification: A Domain-Centric Survey from Capture to Processing28 Jul 2026
- 2026SteerFace: Debiasing Synthetic Face Generation via Adaptive Residue Perturbation29 May 2026
- 2026BIDO: A Biometric Identity Online Authentication Framework16 May 2026
- 2026EventFace: Event-Based Face Recognition via Structure-Driven Spatiotemporal Modeling8 Apr 2026
- 2026HOT-POT: Optimal Transport for Sparse Stereo Matching18 Jan 2026
- 2025Does Head Pose Correction Improve Biometric Facial Recognition?2 Dec 2025
- 2025QCFace: Image Quality Control for boosting Face Representation & Recognition17 Oct 2025
- 2025ExpFace: Exponential Angular Margin Loss for Deep Face Recognition24 Sep 2025
- 2025Secure and Scalable Face Retrieval via Cancelable Product Quantization31 Aug 2025
- 2025Object Recognition Datasets and Challenges: A Review30 Jul 2025
- 2025Restoring Gaussian Blurred Face Images for Deanonymization Attacks14 Jun 2025
- 2025FANVID: A Benchmark for Face and License Plate Recognition in Low-Resolution Videos8 Jun 2025
12 newest of 190 All 190 (JSON)