mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SFace: Sigmoid-Constrained Hypersphere Loss for Robust Face Recognition

arXiv 2205.12010 ↗First posted 24 May 2022cs.CVcited by 21

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Abstract (arXiv)

Deep face recognition has achieved great success due to large-scale training databases and rapidly developing loss functions. The existing algorithms devote to realizing an ideal idea: minimizing the intra-class distance and maximizing the inter-class distance. However, they may neglect that there are also low quality training images which should not be optimized in this strict way. Considering the imperfection of training databases, we propose that intra-class and inter-class objectives can be optimized in a moderate way to mitigate overfitting problem, and further propose a novel loss function, named sigmoid-constrained hypersphere loss (SFace). Specifically, SFace imposes intra-class and inter-class constraints on a hypersphere manifold, which are controlled by two sigmoid gradient re-scale functions respectively. The sigmoid curves precisely re-scale the intra-class and inter-class gradients so that training samples can be optimized to some degree. Therefore, SFace can make a better balance between decreasing the intra-class distances for clean examples and preventing overfitting to the label noise, and contributes more robust deep face recognition models. Extensive experiments of models trained on CASIA-WebFace, VGGFace2, and MS-Celeb-1M databases, and evaluated on several face recognition benchmarks, such as LFW, MegaFace and IJB-C databases, have demonstrated the superiority of SFace.

Key facts. Cited by 21 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 34 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 May 2022.

Builds on

34 of 56 references.

References · 34

  1. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
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  3. 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
  4. 2018CosFace: Large Margin Cosine Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 968
  5. 2017VGGFace2: A dataset for recognising faces across pose and agecited by 911
  6. 2017SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognitioncited by 733
  7. 2016MS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognitioncited by 621
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  9. 2020CurricularFace: Adaptive Curriculum Learning Loss for Deep Face Recognitioncited by 320
  10. 2016Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 296
  11. 2017Cross-Age LFW: A Database for Studying Cross-Age Face Recognition in Unconstrained Environmentscited by 258
  12. 2017NormFace: L2 Hypersphere Embedding for Face Verificationcited by 237
22 more
  1. 2015The MegaFace Benchmark: 1 Million Faces for Recognition at Scalecited by 199
  2. 2015MXNet: A Flexible and Efficient Machine Learning Library for Heterogeneous Distributed Systemscited by 195
  3. 2014Deep Learning Face Representation by Joint Identification-Verificationcited by 162
  4. 2016Range Loss for Deep Face Recognition with Long-tailcited by 111
  5. 2017L2-constrained Softmax Loss for Discriminative Face Verificationcited by 96
  6. 2019AdaCos: Adaptively Scaling Cosine Logits for Effectively Learning Deep Face Representationscited by 83
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  8. 2018The Devil of Face Recognition is in the Noisecited by 65
  9. 2019Mis-classified Vector Guided Softmax Loss for Face Recognitioncited by 60
  10. 2016Neural Aggregation Network for Video Face Recognitioncited by 44
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  13. 2014Surpassing Human-Level Face Verification Performance on LFW with GaussianFacecited by 24
  14. 2019Noise-Tolerant Paradigm for Training Face Recognition CNNscited by 20
  15. 2015Targeting Ultimate Accuracy: Face Recognition via Deep Embeddingcited by 18
  16. 2019P2SGrad: Refined Gradients for Optimizing Deep Face Modelscited by 14
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  18. 2018Crystal Loss and Quality Pooling for Unconstrained Face Verification and Recognitioncited by 13
  19. 2018Multicolumn Networks for Face Recognitioncited by 13
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  22. 2019Softmax Dissection: Towards Understanding Intra- and Inter-class Objective for Embedding Learningcited by 10

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 5; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

21 papers.

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  1. 2024Efficient Face Super-Resolution via Wavelet-based Feature Enhancement Networkcited by 18
  2. 2023Pluralistic Aging Diffusion Autoencodercited by 17
  3. 2022Efficient Image Super-Resolution with Feature Interaction Weighted Hybrid Networkcited by 13
  4. 2023Surveillance Face Anti-spoofingcited by 12
  5. 2024Beyond DAGs: A Latent Partial Causal Model for Multimodal Learningcited by 9
  6. 2024DiffAge3D: Diffusion-based 3D-aware Face Agingcited by 6
  7. 2023Surveillance Face Presentation Attack Detection Challengecited by 5
  8. 2023AdvCloak: Customized Adversarial Cloak for Privacy Protectioncited by 4
  9. 2025StableMorph: High-Quality Face Morph Generation with Stable Diffusioncited by 2
  10. 2022Ensemble Learning using Transformers and Convolutional Networks for Masked Face Recognitioncited by 1
  11. 2024Enhancing Generalization of Invisible Facial Privacy Cloak via Gradient Accumulationcited by 1
  12. 2024Dealing with Subject Similarity in Differential Morphing Attack Detectioncited by 1
9 more
  1. 2025Multimodal Transformer Models for Turn-taking Prediction: Effects on Conversational Dynamics of Human-Agent Interaction during Cooperative Gameplaycited by 1
  2. 2022Just Noticeable Difference Modeling for Face Recognition Systemcited by 0
  3. 2023Distributional Estimation of Data Uncertainty for Surveillance Face Anti-spoofingcited by 0
  4. 2024Identification of Conversation Partners from Egocentric Videocited by 0
  5. 2024An Embedded Intelligent System for Attendance Monitoringcited by 0
  6. 2025FaceQSORT: a Multi-Face Tracking Method based on Biometric and Appearance Featurescited by 0
  7. 2026Personalized Face Privacy Protection From a Single Imagecited by 0
  8. 2026Intentional Electromagnetic Interference Attacks on Facial Recognitioncited by 0
  9. 2026Quality-Aware Multimodal Fusion Reveals Implicit Identity in Valence-Arousal Featurescited by 0