SynFace: Face Recognition with Synthetic Data
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Cited by 21 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.
Abstract (arXiv)
With the recent success of deep neural networks, remarkable progress has been achieved on face recognition. However, collecting large-scale real-world training data for face recognition has turned out to be challenging, especially due to the label noise and privacy issues. Meanwhile, existing face recognition datasets are usually collected from web images, lacking detailed annotations on attributes (e.g., pose and expression), so the influences of different attributes on face recognition have been poorly investigated. In this paper, we address the above-mentioned issues in face recognition using synthetic face images, i.e., SynFace. Specifically, we first explore the performance gap between recent state-of-the-art face recognition models trained with synthetic and real face images. We then analyze the underlying causes behind the performance gap, e.g., the poor intra-class variations and the domain gap between synthetic and real face images. Inspired by this, we devise the SynFace with identity mixup (IM) and domain mixup (DM) to mitigate the above performance gap, demonstrating the great potentials of synthetic data for face recognition. Furthermore, with the controllable face synthesis model, we can easily manage different factors of synthetic face generation, including pose, expression, illumination, the number of identities, and samples per identity. Therefore, we also perform a systematically empirical analysis on synthetic face images to provide some insights on how to effectively utilize synthetic data for face recognition.
Key facts. Cited by 106 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2021.
Builds on
42 of 73 references.
References · 42
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 16; 2023: 29; 2024: 32; 2025: 20; 2026: 9.
106 papers.
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- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
- 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
- 2022DigiFace-1M: 1 Million Digital Face Images for Face Recognitioncited by 92
- 2022Synthesizing Informative Training Samples with GANcited by 77
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
- 2023BlendFace: Re-designing Identity Encoders for Face-Swappingcited by 66
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2023GANDiffFace: Controllable Generation of Synthetic Datasets for Face Recognition with Realistic Variationscited by 49
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
- 2022PrintsGAN: Synthetic Fingerprint Generatorcited by 30
- 2022SYN-MAD 2022: Competition on Face Morphing Attack Detection Based on Privacy-aware Synthetic Training Datacited by 30
- 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Surveycited by 28
38 more
- 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competitioncited by 28
- 2022Unsupervised Face Recognition using Unlabeled Synthetic Datacited by 27
- 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 27
- 2022Controllable and Guided Face Synthesis for Unconstrained Face Recognitioncited by 22
- 2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generationcited by 22
- 2023FRCSyn Challenge at WACV 2024:Face Recognition Challenge in the Era of Synthetic Datacited by 21
- 2023Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 21
- 2024Real Risks of Fake Data: Synthetic Data, Diversity-Washing and Consent Circumventioncited by 21
- 2023Backdoor Attack with Sparse and Invisible Triggercited by 20
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editingcited by 19
- 2022QuantFace: Towards Lightweight Face Recognition by Synthetic Data Low-bit Quantizationcited by 18
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 18
- 2023SynthASpoof: Developing Face Presentation Attack Detection Based on Privacy-friendly Synthetic Datacited by 17
- 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectorscited by 15
- 2023One-bit Flip is All You Need: When Bit-flip Attack Meets Model Trainingcited by 14
- 2024Second FRCSyn-onGoing: Winning Solutions and Post-Challenge Analysis to Improve Face Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 13
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognitioncited by 13
- 2024Synthetic Face Datasets Generation via Latent Space Exploration from Brownian Identity Diffusioncited by 12
- 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hyperspherecited by 12
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
- 2023Identity-Preserving Aging of Face Images via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 11
- 2023Bias and Diversity in Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 11
- 2022How to Boost Face Recognition with StyleGAN?cited by 10
- 2022Progressive Transformation Learning for Leveraging Virtual Images in Trainingcited by 10
- 2023Towards Robust Model Watermark via Reducing Parametric Vulnerabilitycited by 10
- 2024Synthetic Data for the Mitigation of Demographic Biases in Face Recognitioncited by 10
- 2024ONOT: a High-Quality ICAO-compliant Synthetic Mugshot Datasetcited by 10
- 2024CemiFace: Center-based Semi-hard Synthetic Face Generation for Face Recognitioncited by 10
- 2023Compressed Models Decompress Race Biases: What Quantized Models Forget for Fair Face Recognitioncited by 9
- 2023SynthDistill: Face Recognition with Knowledge Distillation from Synthetic Datacited by 9
- 2024Digi2Real: Bridging the Realism Gap in Synthetic Data Face Recognition via Foundation Modelscited by 9
- 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
- 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognitioncited by 8
- 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromisecited by 8
- 2022When Age-Invariant Face Recognition Meets Face Age Synthesis: A Multi-Task Learning Framework and A New Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2023RPG-Palm: Realistic Pseudo-data Generation for Palmprint Recognitioncited by 7
- 2022FaceMAE: Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition via Masked Autoencoderscited by 6
- 2024SDFD: Building a Versatile Synthetic Face Image Dataset with Diverse Attributescited by 6
50 most cited of 106 All 106 (JSON)
- 2026SynThermFace: Amplifying Limited Paired Data for Visible-Thermal Face Recognition via Synthetic Data Generation9 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning Late, Guiding Early: Timestep-Decoupled Semantic Guidance for Fair Face Generation26 Aug 2026
- 2026On the Use of Synthetic Data for Threshold Calibration in Face Recognition: Performance and Security Implications for Border Control Systems27 Jul 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Face Recognition without Real Faces16 Jul 2026
- 2026Toward Calibrated, Fair, and accurate Deepfake Detection3 Jun 2026
- 2026Non-Colliding Biometric Identities for Digital Entities: Geometry, Capacity, and Million-Scale Virtual Identity Provisioning18 May 2026
- 2026On Applicability of Synthetic Datasets for Facial Expression Recognition17 May 2026
- 2026Find the Differences: Differential Morphing Attack Detection vs Face Recognition16 Apr 2026
- 2026IDperturb: Enhancing Variation in Synthetic Face Generation via Angular Perturbation21 Feb 2026
- 2025A Comparative Study on Synthetic Facial Data Generation Techniques for Face Recognition5 Dec 2025
- 2025Designing and Generating Diverse, Equitable Face Image Datasets for Face Verification Tasks21 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromise20 Oct 2025
38 more
- 2025QCFace: Image Quality Control for boosting Face Representation & Recognition17 Oct 2025
- 2025PerFace: Metric Learning in Perceptual Facial Similarity for Enhanced Face Anonymization24 Sep 2025
- 2025Hybrid Generative Fusion for Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Dataset Generation14 Aug 2025
- 2025NegFaceDiff: The Power of Negative Context in Identity-Conditioned Diffusion for Synthetic Face Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025Vec2Face+ for Face Dataset Generation23 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Domain Diversity in Synthetic Data Face Recognition with Dataset Fusion22 Jul 2025
- 2025ScoreMix: Synthetic Data Generation by Score Composition in Diffusion Models Improves Recognition11 Jun 2025
- 2025Towards Large-Scale Pose-Invariant Face Recognition Using Face Defrontalization4 Jun 2025
- 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognition30 May 2025
- 2025FLUXSynID: A Framework for Identity-Controlled Synthetic Face Generation with Document and Live Images12 May 2025
- 2025GIF: Generative Inspiration for Face Recognition at Scale5 May 2025
- 2025GenEAva: Generating Cartoon Avatars with Fine-Grained Facial Expressions from Realistic Diffusion-based Faces10 Apr 2025
- 2025ID-Booth: Identity-consistent Face Generation with Diffusion Models10 Apr 2025
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusion1 Apr 2025
- 2025Diff-Palm: Realistic Palmprint Generation with Polynomial Creases and Intra-Class Variation Controllable Diffusion Models24 Mar 2025
- 2025AugGen: Synthetic Augmentation using Diffusion Models Can Improve Recognition14 Mar 2025
- 2025UIFace: Unleashing Inherent Model Capabilities to Enhance Intra-Class Diversity in Synthetic Face Recognition27 Feb 2025
- 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognition9 Dec 2024
- 2024Fairer Analysis and Demographically Balanced Face Generation for Fairer Face Verification4 Dec 2024
- 2024Second FRCSyn-onGoing: Winning Solutions and Post-Challenge Analysis to Improve Face Recognition with Synthetic Data2 Dec 2024
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editing25 Nov 2024
- 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hypersphere13 Nov 2024
- 2024Digi2Real: Bridging the Realism Gap in Synthetic Data Face Recognition via Foundation Models4 Nov 2024
- 2024Causal Inference Tools for a Better Evaluation of Machine Learning2 Oct 2024
- 2024CemiFace: Center-based Semi-hard Synthetic Face Generation for Face Recognition27 Sep 2024
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognition26 Sep 2024
- 2024Single Image, Any Face: Generalisable 3D Face Generation25 Sep 2024
- 2024CFCPalsy: Facial Image Synthesis with Cross-Fusion Cycle Diffusion Model for Facial Paralysis Individuals11 Sep 2024
- 2024TCDiff: Triple Condition Diffusion Model with 3D Constraints for Stylizing Synthetic Faces5 Sep 2024
- 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectors4 Sep 2024
- 2024The Impact of Balancing Real and Synthetic Data on Accuracy and Fairness in Face Recognition4 Sep 2024
- 2024SAU: A Dual-Branch Network to Enhance Long-Tailed Recognition via Generative Models29 Aug 2024
- 2024CounterFace: A Synthetic Face Dataset for Fine-Grained Counterfactual Evaluation of Face Recognition Systems18 Jul 2024
- 2024Synthetic to Authentic: Transferring Realism to 3D Face Renderings for Boosting Face Recognition10 Jul 2024
- 2024Toward Fairer Face Recognition Datasets24 Jun 2024
- 2024ComFace: Facial Representation Learning with Synthetic Data for Comparing Faces25 May 2024
- 2024Goldilocks Test Sets for Face Verification24 May 2024
- 2024Real Risks of Fake Data: Synthetic Data, Diversity-Washing and Consent Circumvention3 May 2024
50 newest of 106 All 106 (JSON)
- 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
- 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
- 2023GANDiffFace: Controllable Generation of Synthetic Datasets for Face Recognition with Realistic Variationscited by 49
- 2023Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 21
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editingcited by 19
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 18
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
- 2023Identity-Preserving Aging of Face Images via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 11
- 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
- 2025ID-Booth: Identity-consistent Face Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 6
- 2025Hybrid Generative Fusion for Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Dataset Generationcited by 5
- 2025AugGen: Synthetic Augmentation using Diffusion Models Can Improve Recognitioncited by 3
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Learning Late, Guiding Early: Timestep-Decoupled Semantic Guidance for Fair Face Generation26 Aug 2026
- 2026IDperturb: Enhancing Variation in Synthetic Face Generation via Angular Perturbation21 Feb 2026
- 2025Hybrid Generative Fusion for Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition Dataset Generation14 Aug 2025
- 2025NegFaceDiff: The Power of Negative Context in Identity-Conditioned Diffusion for Synthetic Face Generation13 Aug 2025
- 2025ScoreMix: Synthetic Data Generation by Score Composition in Diffusion Models Improves Recognition11 Jun 2025
- 2025GenEAva: Generating Cartoon Avatars with Fine-Grained Facial Expressions from Realistic Diffusion-based Faces10 Apr 2025
- 2025ID-Booth: Identity-consistent Face Generation with Diffusion Models10 Apr 2025
- 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusion1 Apr 2025
- 2025Diff-Palm: Realistic Palmprint Generation with Polynomial Creases and Intra-Class Variation Controllable Diffusion Models24 Mar 2025
- 2025AugGen: Synthetic Augmentation using Diffusion Models Can Improve Recognition14 Mar 2025
- 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editing25 Nov 2024
- 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognition26 Sep 2024
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
- 2022DigiFace-1M: 1 Million Digital Face Images for Face Recognitioncited by 92
- 2022Synthesizing Informative Training Samples with GANcited by 77
- 2023BlendFace: Re-designing Identity Encoders for Face-Swappingcited by 66
- 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
- 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
- 2022PrintsGAN: Synthetic Fingerprint Generatorcited by 30
- 2022SYN-MAD 2022: Competition on Face Morphing Attack Detection Based on Privacy-aware Synthetic Training Datacited by 30
- 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Surveycited by 28
- 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competitioncited by 28
- 2022Unsupervised Face Recognition using Unlabeled Synthetic Datacited by 27
- 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 27
12 most cited of 83 All 83 (JSON)
- 2026SynThermFace: Amplifying Limited Paired Data for Visible-Thermal Face Recognition via Synthetic Data Generation9 Sep 2026
- 2026On the Use of Synthetic Data for Threshold Calibration in Face Recognition: Performance and Security Implications for Border Control Systems27 Jul 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Face Recognition without Real Faces16 Jul 2026
- 2026Toward Calibrated, Fair, and accurate Deepfake Detection3 Jun 2026
- 2026Non-Colliding Biometric Identities for Digital Entities: Geometry, Capacity, and Million-Scale Virtual Identity Provisioning18 May 2026
- 2026On Applicability of Synthetic Datasets for Facial Expression Recognition17 May 2026
- 2026Find the Differences: Differential Morphing Attack Detection vs Face Recognition16 Apr 2026
- 2025A Comparative Study on Synthetic Facial Data Generation Techniques for Face Recognition5 Dec 2025
- 2025Designing and Generating Diverse, Equitable Face Image Datasets for Face Verification Tasks21 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromise20 Oct 2025
- 2025QCFace: Image Quality Control for boosting Face Representation & Recognition17 Oct 2025
- 2025PerFace: Metric Learning in Perceptual Facial Similarity for Enhanced Face Anonymization24 Sep 2025
12 newest of 83 All 83 (JSON)