mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

SynFace: Face Recognition with Synthetic Data

arXiv 2108.07960 ↗First posted 18 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 106

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Cited by 21 in Diffusion models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

With the recent success of deep neural networks, remarkable progress has been achieved on face recognition. However, collecting large-scale real-world training data for face recognition has turned out to be challenging, especially due to the label noise and privacy issues. Meanwhile, existing face recognition datasets are usually collected from web images, lacking detailed annotations on attributes (e.g., pose and expression), so the influences of different attributes on face recognition have been poorly investigated. In this paper, we address the above-mentioned issues in face recognition using synthetic face images, i.e., SynFace. Specifically, we first explore the performance gap between recent state-of-the-art face recognition models trained with synthetic and real face images. We then analyze the underlying causes behind the performance gap, e.g., the poor intra-class variations and the domain gap between synthetic and real face images. Inspired by this, we devise the SynFace with identity mixup (IM) and domain mixup (DM) to mitigate the above performance gap, demonstrating the great potentials of synthetic data for face recognition. Furthermore, with the controllable face synthesis model, we can easily manage different factors of synthetic face generation, including pose, expression, illumination, the number of identities, and samples per identity. Therefore, we also perform a systematically empirical analysis on synthetic face images to provide some insights on how to effectively utilize synthetic data for face recognition.

Key facts. Cited by 106 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Aug 2021.

Builds on

42 of 73 references.

References · 42

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30 more
  1. 2017Wasserstein GANcited by 635
  2. 2016MS-Celeb-1M: A Dataset and Benchmark for Large-Scale Face Recognitioncited by 621
  3. 2018Albumentations: fast and flexible image augmentationscited by 558
  4. 2019Accurate 3D Face Reconstruction with Weakly-Supervised Learning: From Single Image to Image Setcited by 481
  5. 2014Learning Face Representation from Scratchcited by 451
  6. 2014Deep metric learning using Triplet networkcited by 421
  7. 2016Large-Margin Softmax Loss for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 296
  8. 2019Adversarial Domain Adaptation with Domain Mixupcited by 250
  9. 2020Disentangled and Controllable Face Image Generation via 3D Imitative-Contrastive Learningcited by 219
  10. 2015The MegaFace Benchmark: 1 Million Faces for Recognition at Scalecited by 199
  11. 2019Diagnosing and Enhancing VAE Modelscited by 192
  12. 2018MixUp as Locally Linear Out-Of-Manifold Regularizationcited by 158
  13. 2019Learning from Synthetic Data for Crowd Counting in the Wildcited by 148
  14. 2018Learning Semantic Segmentation from Synthetic Data: A Geometrically Guided Input-Output Adaptation Approachcited by 119
  15. 2018Model Adaptation with Synthetic and Real Data for Semantic Dense Foggy Scene Understandingcited by 98
  16. 2018Towards Open-Set Identity Preserving Face Synthesiscited by 74
  17. 2018The Devil of Face Recognition is in the Noisecited by 65
  18. 20163D Face Reconstruction by Learning from Synthetic Datacited by 64
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  20. 2019Occlusion Robust Face Recognition Based on Mask Learning with PairwiseDifferential Siamese Networkcited by 51
  21. 2017Towards Large-Pose Face Frontalization in the Wildcited by 50
  22. 2018Improved Mixed-Example Data Augmentationcited by 42
  23. 2020PAMTRI: Pose-Aware Multi-Task Learning for Vehicle Re-Identification Using Highly Randomized Synthetic Datacited by 31
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  25. 2018Pose-Robust Face Recognition via Deep Residual Equivariant Mappingcited by 28
  26. 2017McGan: Mean and Covariance Feature Matching GANcited by 21
  27. 2019Decorrelated Adversarial Learning for Age-Invariant Face Recognitioncited by 21
  28. 2018Orthogonal Deep Features Decomposition for Age-Invariant Face Recognitioncited by 20
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 16; 2023: 29; 2024: 32; 2025: 20; 2026: 9.

106 papers.

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  1. 2023DCFace: Synthetic Face Generation with Dual Condition Diffusion Modelcited by 116
  2. 2024Arc2Face: A Foundation Model for ID-Consistent Human Facescited by 101
  3. 2022DigiFace-1M: 1 Million Digital Face Images for Face Recognitioncited by 92
  4. 2022Synthesizing Informative Training Samples with GANcited by 77
  5. 2023IDiff-Face: Synthetic-based Face Recognition through Fizzy Identity-Conditioned Diffusion Modelscited by 72
  6. 2023BlendFace: Re-designing Identity Encoders for Face-Swappingcited by 66
  7. 2022SFace: Privacy-friendly and Accurate Face Recognition using Synthetic Datacited by 63
  8. 2023GANDiffFace: Controllable Generation of Synthetic Datasets for Face Recognition with Realistic Variationscited by 49
  9. 2023Synthetic Data for Face Recognition: Current State and Future Prospectscited by 38
  10. 2022PrintsGAN: Synthetic Fingerprint Generatorcited by 30
  11. 2022SYN-MAD 2022: Competition on Face Morphing Attack Detection Based on Privacy-aware Synthetic Training Datacited by 30
  12. 2022Synthetic Data in Human Analysis: A Surveycited by 28
38 more
  1. 2024SDFR: Synthetic Data for Face Recognition Competitioncited by 28
  2. 2022Unsupervised Face Recognition using Unlabeled Synthetic Datacited by 27
  3. 2023Identity-driven Three-Player Generative Adversarial Network for Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 27
  4. 2022Controllable and Guided Face Synthesis for Unconstrained Face Recognitioncited by 22
  5. 2023ExFaceGAN: Exploring Identity Directions in GAN's Learned Latent Space for Synthetic Identity Generationcited by 22
  6. 2023FRCSyn Challenge at WACV 2024:Face Recognition Challenge in the Era of Synthetic Datacited by 21
  7. 2023Towards Real-World Blind Face Restoration with Generative Diffusion Priorcited by 21
  8. 2024Real Risks of Fake Data: Synthetic Data, Diversity-Washing and Consent Circumventioncited by 21
  9. 2023Backdoor Attack with Sparse and Invisible Triggercited by 20
  10. 2024Edit Away and My Face Will not Stay: Personal Biometric Defense against Malicious Generative Editingcited by 19
  11. 2022QuantFace: Towards Lightweight Face Recognition by Synthetic Data Low-bit Quantizationcited by 18
  12. 2024ID3: Identity-Preserving-yet-Diversified Diffusion Models for Synthetic Face Recognitioncited by 18
  13. 2023SynthASpoof: Developing Face Presentation Attack Detection Based on Privacy-friendly Synthetic Datacited by 17
  14. 2024Vec2Face: Scaling Face Dataset Generation with Loosely Constrained Vectorscited by 15
  15. 2023One-bit Flip is All You Need: When Bit-flip Attack Meets Model Trainingcited by 14
  16. 2024Second FRCSyn-onGoing: Winning Solutions and Post-Challenge Analysis to Improve Face Recognition with Synthetic Datacited by 13
  17. 202550 Years of Automated Face Recognitioncited by 13
  18. 2024Synthetic Face Datasets Generation via Latent Space Exploration from Brownian Identity Diffusioncited by 12
  19. 2024HyperFace: Generating Synthetic Face Recognition Datasets by Exploring Face Embedding Hyperspherecited by 12
  20. 2025Data Synthesis with Diverse Styles for Face Recognition via 3DMM-Guided Diffusioncited by 12
  21. 2023Identity-Preserving Aging of Face Images via Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 11
  22. 2023Bias and Diversity in Synthetic-based Face Recognitioncited by 11
  23. 2022How to Boost Face Recognition with StyleGAN?cited by 10
  24. 2022Progressive Transformation Learning for Leveraging Virtual Images in Trainingcited by 10
  25. 2023Towards Robust Model Watermark via Reducing Parametric Vulnerabilitycited by 10
  26. 2024Synthetic Data for the Mitigation of Demographic Biases in Face Recognitioncited by 10
  27. 2024ONOT: a High-Quality ICAO-compliant Synthetic Mugshot Datasetcited by 10
  28. 2024CemiFace: Center-based Semi-hard Synthetic Face Generation for Face Recognitioncited by 10
  29. 2023Compressed Models Decompress Race Biases: What Quantized Models Forget for Fair Face Recognitioncited by 9
  30. 2023SynthDistill: Face Recognition with Knowledge Distillation from Synthetic Datacited by 9
  31. 2024Digi2Real: Bridging the Realism Gap in Synthetic Data Face Recognition via Foundation Modelscited by 9
  32. 2024Diffusion Deepfakecited by 8
  33. 2024VariFace: Fair and Diverse Synthetic Dataset Generation for Face Recognitioncited by 8
  34. 2025Beyond Real Faces: Synthetic Datasets Can Achieve Reliable Recognition Performance without Privacy Compromisecited by 8
  35. 2022When Age-Invariant Face Recognition Meets Face Age Synthesis: A Multi-Task Learning Framework and A New Benchmarkcited by 7
  36. 2023RPG-Palm: Realistic Pseudo-data Generation for Palmprint Recognitioncited by 7
  37. 2022FaceMAE: Privacy-Preserving Face Recognition via Masked Autoencoderscited by 6
  38. 2024SDFD: Building a Versatile Synthetic Face Image Dataset with Diverse Attributescited by 6

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