mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

WorldArena: A Unified Benchmark for Evaluating Perception and Functional Utility of Embodied World Models

arXiv 2602.08971 ↗First posted 9 Feb 2026cs.CV cs.ROcited by 68

On the map: World models → World models for navigation

Abstract (arXiv)

While world models have emerged as a cornerstone of embodied intelligence by enabling agents to reason about environmental dynamics through action-conditioned prediction, their evaluation remains fragmented. Current evaluation of embodied world models has largely focused on perceptual fidelity (e.g., video generation quality), overlooking the functional utility of these models in downstream decision-making tasks. In this work, we introduce WorldArena, a unified benchmark designed to systematically evaluate embodied world models across both perceptual and functional dimensions. WorldArena assesses models through three dimensions: video perception quality, measured with 16 metrics across six sub-dimensions; embodied task functionality, which evaluates world models as data engines, policy evaluators, and action planners integrating with subjective human evaluation. Furthermore, we propose EWMScore, a holistic metric integrating multi-dimensional performance into a single interpretable index. Through extensive experiments on 14 representative models, we reveal a significant perception-functionality gap, showing that high visual quality does not necessarily translate into strong embodied task capability. WorldArena benchmark with the public leaderboard is released at https://world-arena.ai, providing a framework for tracking progress toward truly functional world models in embodied AI.

Key facts. Cited by 68 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in World models for navigation, one of 11 directions in World models. Builds on 43 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2026.

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43 of 47 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

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  1. 2026Wow, wo, val! A Comprehensive Embodied World Model Evaluation Turing Test7 Jan
  2. 2025A Survey: Learning Embodied Intelligence from Physical Simulators and World Models1 Jul

Other references · 41

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2021Emerging Properties in Self-Supervised Vision Transformerscited by 6,893
  3. 2025Qwen2.5-VL Technical Reportcited by 5,418
  4. 2025Wan: Open and Advanced Large-Scale Video Generative Modelscited by 2,536
  5. 2025Qwen3-VL Technical Reportcited by 2,534
  6. 2020RAFT: Recurrent All-Pairs Field Transforms for Optical Flowcited by 2,385
  7. 2024CogVideoX: Text-to-Video Diffusion Models with An Expert Transformercited by 2,198
  8. 2023VBench: Comprehensive Benchmark Suite for Video Generative Modelscited by 1,755
  9. 2025π0.5: a Vision-Language-Action Model with Open-World Generalizationcited by 1,653
  10. 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,385
  11. 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,338
  12. 2021MUSIQ: Multi-scale Image Quality Transformercited by 1,058
29 more
  1. 2024WorldSimBench: Towards Video Generation Models as World Simulatorscited by 867
  2. 2025SAM 3: Segment Anything with Conceptscited by 835
  3. 2025V-JEPA 2: Self-Supervised Video Models Enable Understanding, Prediction and Planningcited by 738
  4. 2025RoboTwin 2.0: A Scalable Data Generator and Benchmark with Strong Domain Randomization for Robust Bimanual Robotic Manipulationcited by 477
  5. 2023EvalCrafter: Benchmarking and Evaluating Large Video Generation Modelscited by 332
  6. 2024Video Prediction Policy: A Generalist Robot Policy with Predictive Visual Representationscited by 279
  7. 2025DreamGen: Unlocking Generalization in Robot Learning through Video World Modelscited by 168
  8. 2024Understanding World or Predicting Future? A Comprehensive Survey of World Modelscited by 161
  9. 2025Ctrl-World: A Controllable Generative World Model for Robot Manipulationcited by 149
  10. 2025WorldScore: A Unified Evaluation Benchmark for World Generationcited by 143
  11. 2025Genie Envisioner: A Unified World Foundation Platform for Robotic Manipulationcited by 129
  12. 2025WorldModelBench: Judging Video Generation Models As World Modelscited by 116
  13. 2024Is Sora a World Simulator? A Comprehensive Survey on General World Models and Beyondcited by 111
  14. 2025TesserAct: Learning 4D Embodied World Modelscited by 90
  15. 2025WoW: Towards a World omniscient World model Through Embodied Interactioncited by 66
  16. 2025WorldEval: World Model as Real-World Robot Policies Evaluatorcited by 64
  17. 20253D and 4D World Modeling: A Surveycited by 64
  18. 2025GigaWorld-0: World Models as Data Engine to Empower Embodied AIcited by 60
  19. 2025EnerVerse: Envisioning Embodied Future Space for Robotics Manipulationcited by 59
  20. 2025Vidar: Embodied Video Diffusion Model for Generalist Manipulationcited by 58
  21. 2025EWMBench: Evaluating Scene, Motion, and Semantic Quality in Embodied World Modelscited by 45
  22. 2025World-in-World: World Models in a Closed-Loop Worldcited by 44
  23. 2025RoboScape: Physics-informed Embodied World Modelcited by 38
  24. 2024VFIMamba: Video Frame Interpolation with State Space Modelscited by 22
  25. 2025WorldLens: Full-Spectrum Evaluations of Driving World Models in Real Worldcited by 22
  26. 2024Beyond FVD: Enhanced Evaluation Metrics for Video Generation Qualitycited by 21
  27. 2025WristWorld: Generating Wrist-Views via 4D World Models for Robotic Manipulationcited by 21
  28. 20254DWorldBench: A Comprehensive Evaluation Framework for 3D/4D World Generation Modelscited by 10
  29. 2025JEPA-Reasoner: Decoupling Latent Reasoning from Token Generationcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 68.

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  1. 2026Motubrain: An Advanced World Action Model for Robot Controlcited by 54
  2. 2026World Model for Robot Learning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 42
  3. 2026WBench: A Comprehensive Multi-turn Benchmark for Interactive Video World Model Evaluationcited by 34
  4. 2026Reconstruction or Semantics? What Makes a Latent Space Useful for Robotic World Modelscited by 21
  5. 2026RoboWM-Bench: A Benchmark for Evaluating World Models in Robotic Manipulationcited by 15
  6. 2026iWorld-Bench: A Benchmark for Interactive World Models with a Unified Action Generation Frameworkcited by 14
  7. 2026WALL-WM: Carving World Action Modeling at the Event Jointscited by 14
  8. 2026World Action Verifier: Self-Improving World Models via Forward-Inverse Asymmetrycited by 13
  9. 2026SCOPE: Simulating Cross-game Operations in Playable Environments for FPS World Modelscited by 12
  10. 2026STARRY: Spatial-Temporal Action-Centric World Modeling for Robotic Manipulationcited by 10
  11. 2026GigaWorld-1: A Roadmap to Build World Models for Robot Policy Evaluationcited by 10
  12. 2026FlowWAM: Optical Flow as a Unified Action Representation for World Action Modelscited by 10
38 more
  1. 2026How Should World Models Be Evaluated for Embodied Decision-Making? A Decision-Making-Centric Positioncited by 9
  2. 2026WorldArena 2.0: Extending Embodied World Model Benchmarking on Modality, Functionality and Platformcited by 8
  3. 2026MiraBench: Evaluating Action-Conditioned Reliability in Robotic World Modelscited by 8
  4. 2026What Makes Video World Model Latents Action-Relevant: Prediction over Reconstructioncited by 8
  5. 2026WorldRoamBench: An Open-World Benchmark for Long-Horizon Stability of Interactive World Modelscited by 8
  6. 2026Pelican-Unify 1.0: A Unified Embodied Intelligence Model for Understanding, Reasoning, Imagination and Actioncited by 7
  7. 2026PhysisForcing: Physics Reinforced World Simulator for Robotic Manipulationcited by 7
  8. 2026SelfWAM: A Self-Grounded Unified World Action Model for Fast Robot Controlcited by 7
  9. 2026What-If World: A Causal Benchmark for General World Models in Embodied Scenarioscited by 6
  10. 2026Towards Interactive Video World Modeling: Frontiers, Challenges, Benchmarks, and Future Trendscited by 6
  11. 2026WorldOlympiad: Can Your World Model Survive a Triathlon?cited by 4
  12. 2026PAIWorld: A 3D-Consistent World Foundation Model for Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
  13. 2026WorldScape Policy 2.0: Empowering Steerable World Action Modeling with Reasoning-Augmented Memory and In-Context Learningcited by 4
  14. 2026GE-Act 2.0: Pretraining and Scaling a World-Action Model for Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
  15. 2026EA-WM: Event-Aware Generative World Model with Structured Kinematic-to-Visual Action Fieldscited by 3
  16. 2026World Models as Group Actionscited by 3
  17. 2026A Definition and Roadmap for World Modelscited by 3
  18. 2026Xiaomi-Robotics-U0: Unified Embodied Synthesis with World Foundation Modelcited by 3
  19. 2026DreamX-Phi 1.0: Action-Conditioned Video World Model for Robotic Manipulationcited by 3
  20. 2026HarnessEval-W: Agentifying the Evaluation of Visual Worldscited by 3
  21. 2026World-Ego Modeling for Long-Horizon Evolution in Hybrid Embodied Taskscited by 2
  22. 2026Worldscape-MoE: A Unified Mixture-of-Experts World Model for Scalable Heterogeneous Action Controlcited by 2
  23. 2026BWM: A Low-Cost High-Fidelity World Simulator for Robot Learningcited by 2
  24. 2026WorldExam: Benchmarking World Models from Apparent Appearance to Inherent Reactivitycited by 2
  25. 2026GeniWorld: A Generalizable Interactive World Model for Robotic Manipulation via Visual Actionscited by 2
  26. 2026WorldSimProbe: Diagnosing Simulator Faithfulness in Action-Conditioned World Models for Embodied Manipulationcited by 2
  27. 2026LoViF 2026 The First Challenge on Holistic Quality Assessment for 4D World Model (PhyScore)cited by 1
  28. 2026EO-WM: A Physically Informed World Model for Probabilistic Earth Observation Forecastingcited by 1
  29. 2026LAWM-3D: Learning 3D-Aware Latent Actions from Human Videos for Generalizable Robot World Modelscited by 1
  30. 2026RoboPhys-3D: A Comprehensive Embodied World Model Evaluation via 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
  31. 2026IMPACT: Attention Is the Interaction Map for Scalable Interaction-Aware World Model Trainingcited by 1
  32. 2026World-Action Models for Robot Learning and Control: A Surveycited by 1
  33. 2026TriWorldBench: A Tri-View Consistency Perspective on Embodied World Modelscited by 1
  34. 2026ARYA: A Physics-Constrained Composable & Deterministic World Model Architecturecited by 0
  35. 2026UniVR: Thinking in Visual Space for Unified Visual Reasoningcited by 0
  36. 2026XEWorld: Can Action-Conditioned World Models Generalize to Unseen Robot Embodiments?cited by 0
  37. 2026verdi: retrieval is not transfer for continual world model optimizationcited by 0
  38. 2026Do Robotic World Models Really Follow Actions? Diagnosing and Aligning Action-Conditioned Generation for Policy Learningcited by 0

50 most cited of 68 All 68 (JSON)

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  1. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on World Models for Embodied AI
  2. 2026World Models for Embodied Intelligence: From Plausible to Controllable to Actionable
  3. 2026World Action Models: The Next Frontier in Embodied AI
  4. 2026OpenWAM: An Open, Modular Exploration Towards Systematic World-Action Model Pretraining
  5. 2025ENACT: Evaluating Embodied Cognition with World Modeling of Egocentric Interaction
  6. 2024EVA: An Embodied World Model for Future Video Anticipation
  7. 2025Static and Plugged: Make Embodied Evaluation Simple
  8. 2024WHALE: Towards Generalizable and Scalable World Models for Embodied Decision-making