mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DeliveryBench: Can Agents Earn Profit in Real World?

arXiv 2512.19234 ↗First posted 22 Dec 2025cs.AIcited by 5

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

LLMs and VLMs are increasingly deployed as embodied agents, yet existing benchmarks largely revolve around simple short-term tasks and struggle to capture rich realistic constraints that shape real-world decision making. To close this gap, we propose DeliveryBench, a city-scale embodied benchmark grounded in the real-world profession of food delivery. Food couriers naturally operate under long-horizon objectives (maximizing net profit over hours) while managing diverse constraints, e.g., delivery deadline, transportation expense, vehicle battery, and necessary interactions with other couriers and customers. DeliveryBench instantiates this setting in procedurally generated 3D cities with diverse road networks, buildings, functional locations, transportation modes, and realistic resource dynamics, enabling systematic evaluation of constraint-aware, long-horizon planning. We benchmark a range of VLM-based agents across nine cities and compare them with human players. Our results reveal a substantial performance gap to humans, and find that these agents are short-sighted and frequently break basic commonsense constraints. Additionally, we observe distinct personalities across models (e.g., adventurous GPT-5 vs. conservative Claude), highlighting both the brittleness and the diversity of current VLM-based embodied agents in realistic, constraint-dense environments. Our code, data, and benchmark are available at https://deliverybench.github.io.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 46 of its 58 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Dec 2025.

Builds on

46 of 58 references.

References · 46

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34 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 5.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

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  2. 2026ORBITER: Conflict-Aware Decision-Making for Agentic Last-Mile Delivery
  3. 2025VitaBench: Benchmarking LLM Agents with Versatile Interactive Tasks in Real-world Applications
  4. 2026RetailBench: Benchmarking long horizon reasoning and coherent decision making of LLM agents in realistic retail environments
  5. 2026RetailBench: Evaluating Long-Horizon Autonomous Decision-Making and Strategy Stability of LLM Agents in Realistic Retail Environments
  6. 2026AgencyBench: Benchmarking the Frontiers of Autonomous Agents in 1M-Token Real-World Contexts
  7. 2025PLANET: A Collection of Benchmarks for Evaluating LLMs' Planning Capabilities
  8. 2025UpBench: A Dynamically Evolving Real-World Labor-Market Agentic Benchmark Framework Built for Human-Centric AI