mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

UpBench: A Dynamically Evolving Real-World Labor-Market Agentic Benchmark Framework Built for Human-Centric AI

arXiv 2511.12306 ↗First posted 15 Nov 2025cs.AI cs.CYcited by 2

On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks

Abstract (arXiv)

As large language model (LLM) agents increasingly undertake digital work, reliable frameworks are needed to evaluate their real-world competence, adaptability, and capacity for human collaboration. Existing benchmarks remain largely static, synthetic, or domain-limited, providing limited insight into how agents perform in dynamic, economically meaningful environments. We introduce UpBench, a dynamically evolving benchmark grounded in real jobs drawn from the global Upwork labor marketplace. Each task corresponds to a verified client transaction, anchoring evaluation in genuine work activity and financial outcomes. UpBench employs a rubric-based evaluation framework, in which expert freelancers decompose each job into detailed, verifiable acceptance criteria and assess AI submissions with per-criterion feedback. This structure enables fine-grained analysis of model strengths, weaknesses, and instruction-following fidelity beyond binary pass/fail metrics. Human expertise is integrated throughout the data pipeline (from job curation and rubric construction to evaluation) ensuring fidelity to real professional standards and supporting research on human-AI collaboration. By regularly refreshing tasks to reflect the evolving nature of online work, UpBench provides a scalable, human-centered foundation for evaluating agentic systems in authentic labor-market contexts, offering a path toward a collaborative framework, where AI amplifies human capability through partnership rather than replacement.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2025.

Builds on

9 of 12 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Holistic Agent Leaderboard: The Missing Infrastructure for AI Agent Evaluation13 Oct
  2. 2025Establishing Best Practices for Building Rigorous Agentic Benchmarks3 Jul
  3. 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents7 Aug

Other references · 6

  1. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
  2. 2025GDPval: Evaluating AI Model Performance on Real-World Economically Valuable Taskscited by 142
  3. 2025SWE-Lancer: Can Frontier LLMs Earn 1 Million from Real-World Freelance Software Engineering?cited by 99
  4. 2020Soliciting Human-in-the-Loop User Feedback for Interactive Machine Learning Reduces User Trust and Impressions of Model Accuracycited by 19
  5. 2025Remote Labor Index: Measuring AI Automation of Remote Workcited by 18
  6. 2025The AI Productivity Index (APEX)cited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.

2 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2026AgencyBench: Benchmarking the Frontiers of Autonomous Agents in 1M-Token Real-World Contexts
  2. 2026JobBench: Aligning Agent Work With Human Will
  3. 2026StartupBench: Benchmarking General-Purpose Agents on Market-Validated End-to-End Workflows
  4. 2026The Hierarchy of Agentic Capabilities: Evaluating Frontier Models on Realistic RL Environments
  5. 2024WorkBench: a Benchmark Dataset for Agents in a Realistic Workplace Setting
  6. 2026Atria Dawn: The Dawn of Agentic Superintelligence
  7. 2026OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation
  8. 2026AlphaEval: Evaluating Agents in Production