UpBench: A Dynamically Evolving Real-World Labor-Market Agentic Benchmark Framework Built for Human-Centric AI
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
As large language model (LLM) agents increasingly undertake digital work, reliable frameworks are needed to evaluate their real-world competence, adaptability, and capacity for human collaboration. Existing benchmarks remain largely static, synthetic, or domain-limited, providing limited insight into how agents perform in dynamic, economically meaningful environments. We introduce UpBench, a dynamically evolving benchmark grounded in real jobs drawn from the global Upwork labor marketplace. Each task corresponds to a verified client transaction, anchoring evaluation in genuine work activity and financial outcomes. UpBench employs a rubric-based evaluation framework, in which expert freelancers decompose each job into detailed, verifiable acceptance criteria and assess AI submissions with per-criterion feedback. This structure enables fine-grained analysis of model strengths, weaknesses, and instruction-following fidelity beyond binary pass/fail metrics. Human expertise is integrated throughout the data pipeline (from job curation and rubric construction to evaluation) ensuring fidelity to real professional standards and supporting research on human-AI collaboration. By regularly refreshing tasks to reflect the evolving nature of online work, UpBench provides a scalable, human-centered foundation for evaluating agentic systems in authentic labor-market contexts, offering a path toward a collaborative framework, where AI amplifies human capability through partnership rather than replacement.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 9 of its 12 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Nov 2025.
Builds on
9 of 12 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2025Holistic Agent Leaderboard: The Missing Infrastructure for AI Agent Evaluation13 Oct
- 2025Establishing Best Practices for Building Rigorous Agentic Benchmarks3 Jul
- 2023AgentBench: Evaluating LLMs as Agents7 Aug
Other references · 6
- 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
- 2025GDPval: Evaluating AI Model Performance on Real-World Economically Valuable Taskscited by 142
- 2025SWE-Lancer: Can Frontier LLMs Earn 1 Million from Real-World Freelance Software Engineering?cited by 99
- 2020Soliciting Human-in-the-Loop User Feedback for Interactive Machine Learning Reduces User Trust and Impressions of Model Accuracycited by 19
- 2025Remote Labor Index: Measuring AI Automation of Remote Workcited by 18
- 2025The AI Productivity Index (APEX)cited by 9
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2026: 2.
2 papers.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026AgencyBench: Benchmarking the Frontiers of Autonomous Agents in 1M-Token Real-World Contexts
- 2026JobBench: Aligning Agent Work With Human Will
- 2026StartupBench: Benchmarking General-Purpose Agents on Market-Validated End-to-End Workflows
- 2026The Hierarchy of Agentic Capabilities: Evaluating Frontier Models on Realistic RL Environments
- 2024WorkBench: a Benchmark Dataset for Agents in a Realistic Workplace Setting
- 2026Atria Dawn: The Dawn of Agentic Superintelligence
- 2026OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation
- 2026AlphaEval: Evaluating Agents in Production