From Language to Locomotion: Retargeting-free Humanoid Control via Motion Latent Guidance
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Abstract (arXiv)
Natural language offers a natural interface for humanoid robots, but existing language-guided humanoid locomotion pipelines remain cumbersome and untrustworthy. They typically decode human motion, retarget it to robot morphology, and then track it with a physics-based controller. However, this multi-stage process is prone to cumulative errors, introduces high latency, and yields weak coupling between semantics and control. These limitations call for a more direct pathway from language to action, one that eliminates fragile intermediate stages. Therefore, we present RoboGhost, a retargeting-free framework that directly conditions humanoid policies on language-grounded motion latents. By bypassing explicit motion decoding and retargeting, RoboGhost enables a diffusion-based policy to denoise executable actions directly from noise, preserving semantic intent and supporting fast, reactive control. A hybrid causal transformer-diffusion motion generator further ensures long-horizon consistency while maintaining stability and diversity, yielding rich latent representations for precise humanoid behavior. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RoboGhost substantially reduces deployment latency, improves success rates and tracking precision, and produces smooth, semantically aligned locomotion on real humanoids. Beyond text, the framework naturally extends to other modalities such as images, audio, and music, providing a universal foundation for vision-language-action humanoid systems.
Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2025.
Builds on
44 of 52 references.
References · 44
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32 more
- 2023MoMask: Generative Masked Modeling of 3D Human Motionscited by 388
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 15.
17 papers.
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- 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Controlcited by 14
- 2026FRoM-W1: Towards General Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Language Instructionscited by 10
- 2026HEX: Humanoid-Aligned Experts for Cross-Embodiment Whole-Body Manipulationcited by 10
- 2025RoboMirror: Understand Before You Imitate for Video to Humanoid Locomotioncited by 6
- 2025UniAct: Unified Motion Generation and Action Streaming for Humanoid Robotscited by 5
- 2026ZeroWBC: Learning Natural Whole-Body Humanoid Interaction from Human Egocentric Datacited by 5
- 2026Heracles: Bridging Precise Tracking and Generative Synthesis for General Humanoid Controlcited by 5
- 2026ω-0: A Latent Predictive World Action Model for Concurrent Humanoid Loco-Manipulationcited by 5
- 2026Action-Sketcher: From Reasoning to Action via Visual Sketches for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
- 2026ECHO: Edge-Cloud Humanoid Orchestration for Language-to-Motion Controlcited by 4
- 2026PhyGile: Physics-Prefix Guided Motion Generation for Agile General Humanoid Motion Trackingcited by 2
- 2026PhysMoDPO: Physically-Plausible Humanoid Motion with Preference Optimizationcited by 1
5 more
- 2026MIND: Multi-Scale Intent Diffusion for Text-Driven Physics-Based Humanoid Controlcited by 1
- 2026GenTrack: Physical Alignment for Robot-Native Motion Generation and Zero-Shot Humanoid Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Before the Body Moves: Learning Anticipatory Joint Intent for Language-Conditioned Humanoid Controlcited by 0
- 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Controlcited by 0
- 2026Sample, Simulate, Select: Physics-in-the-Loop Text-to-Motion for Humanoids Without Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Sample, Simulate, Select: Physics-in-the-Loop Text-to-Motion for Humanoids Without Training22 Sep 2026
- 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Control21 Sep 2026
- 2026ω-0: A Latent Predictive World Action Model for Concurrent Humanoid Loco-Manipulation6 Aug 2026
- 2026GenTrack: Physical Alignment for Robot-Native Motion Generation and Zero-Shot Humanoid Tracking2 Aug 2026
- 2026MIND: Multi-Scale Intent Diffusion for Text-Driven Physics-Based Humanoid Control25 May 2026
- 2026Before the Body Moves: Learning Anticipatory Joint Intent for Language-Conditioned Humanoid Control14 May 2026
- 2026HEX: Humanoid-Aligned Experts for Cross-Embodiment Whole-Body Manipulation9 Apr 2026
- 2026Heracles: Bridging Precise Tracking and Generative Synthesis for General Humanoid Control29 Mar 2026
- 2026ECHO: Edge-Cloud Humanoid Orchestration for Language-to-Motion Control17 Mar 2026
- 2026PhyGile: Physics-Prefix Guided Motion Generation for Agile General Humanoid Motion Tracking13 Mar 2026
- 2026PhysMoDPO: Physically-Plausible Humanoid Motion with Preference Optimization13 Mar 2026
- 2026ZeroWBC: Learning Natural Whole-Body Humanoid Interaction from Human Egocentric Data10 Mar 2026
5 more
- 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Control7 Feb 2026
- 2026FRoM-W1: Towards General Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Language Instructions19 Jan 2026
- 2026Action-Sketcher: From Reasoning to Action via Visual Sketches for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulation4 Jan 2026
- 2025UniAct: Unified Motion Generation and Action Streaming for Humanoid Robots30 Dec 2025
- 2025RoboMirror: Understand Before You Imitate for Video to Humanoid Locomotion29 Dec 2025
- 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Controlcited by 14
- 2026FRoM-W1: Towards General Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Language Instructionscited by 10
- 2025RoboMirror: Understand Before You Imitate for Video to Humanoid Locomotioncited by 6
- 2025UniAct: Unified Motion Generation and Action Streaming for Humanoid Robotscited by 5
- 2026ZeroWBC: Learning Natural Whole-Body Humanoid Interaction from Human Egocentric Datacited by 5
- 2026Heracles: Bridging Precise Tracking and Generative Synthesis for General Humanoid Controlcited by 5
- 2026PhyGile: Physics-Prefix Guided Motion Generation for Agile General Humanoid Motion Trackingcited by 2
- 2026MIND: Multi-Scale Intent Diffusion for Text-Driven Physics-Based Humanoid Controlcited by 1
- 2026GenTrack: Physical Alignment for Robot-Native Motion Generation and Zero-Shot Humanoid Trackingcited by 1
- 2026Before the Body Moves: Learning Anticipatory Joint Intent for Language-Conditioned Humanoid Controlcited by 0
- 2026Sample, Simulate, Select: Physics-in-the-Loop Text-to-Motion for Humanoids Without Trainingcited by 0
- 2026Sample, Simulate, Select: Physics-in-the-Loop Text-to-Motion for Humanoids Without Training22 Sep 2026
- 2026GenTrack: Physical Alignment for Robot-Native Motion Generation and Zero-Shot Humanoid Tracking2 Aug 2026
- 2026MIND: Multi-Scale Intent Diffusion for Text-Driven Physics-Based Humanoid Control25 May 2026
- 2026Before the Body Moves: Learning Anticipatory Joint Intent for Language-Conditioned Humanoid Control14 May 2026
- 2026Heracles: Bridging Precise Tracking and Generative Synthesis for General Humanoid Control29 Mar 2026
- 2026PhyGile: Physics-Prefix Guided Motion Generation for Agile General Humanoid Motion Tracking13 Mar 2026
- 2026ZeroWBC: Learning Natural Whole-Body Humanoid Interaction from Human Egocentric Data10 Mar 2026
- 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Control7 Feb 2026
- 2026FRoM-W1: Towards General Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Language Instructions19 Jan 2026
- 2025UniAct: Unified Motion Generation and Action Streaming for Humanoid Robots30 Dec 2025
- 2025RoboMirror: Understand Before You Imitate for Video to Humanoid Locomotion29 Dec 2025
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- 2025Commanding Humanoid by Free-form Language: A Large Language Action Model with Unified Motion Vocabulary
- 2026SCRIPT: Scalable Diffusion Policy with Multi-stage Training for Language-driven Physics-Based Humanoid Control
- 2025Free-T2M: Robust Text-to-Motion Generation for Humanoid Robots via Frequency-Domain
- 2026DreamControl-v2: Simpler and Scalable Autonomous Humanoid Skills via Trainable Guided Diffusion Priors
- 2026ADAPT: Agile Diffusion Action Priors for Robust and Steerable Online Text-Driven Humanoid Control ↗
- 2025SENTINEL: A Fully End-to-End Language-Action Model for Humanoid Whole Body Control
- 2025Semantic Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis and Real-Time Control for Humanoid Robots ↗
- 2025LeVERB: Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Latent Vision-Language Instruction