mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

From Language to Locomotion: Retargeting-free Humanoid Control via Motion Latent Guidance

arXiv 2510.14952 ↗First posted 16 Oct 2025cs.RO cs.CVcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

Natural language offers a natural interface for humanoid robots, but existing language-guided humanoid locomotion pipelines remain cumbersome and untrustworthy. They typically decode human motion, retarget it to robot morphology, and then track it with a physics-based controller. However, this multi-stage process is prone to cumulative errors, introduces high latency, and yields weak coupling between semantics and control. These limitations call for a more direct pathway from language to action, one that eliminates fragile intermediate stages. Therefore, we present RoboGhost, a retargeting-free framework that directly conditions humanoid policies on language-grounded motion latents. By bypassing explicit motion decoding and retargeting, RoboGhost enables a diffusion-based policy to denoise executable actions directly from noise, preserving semantic intent and supporting fast, reactive control. A hybrid causal transformer-diffusion motion generator further ensures long-horizon consistency while maintaining stability and diversity, yielding rich latent representations for precise humanoid behavior. Extensive experiments demonstrate that RoboGhost substantially reduces deployment latency, improves success rates and tracking precision, and produces smooth, semantically aligned locomotion on real humanoids. Beyond text, the framework naturally extends to other modalities such as images, audio, and music, providing a universal foundation for vision-language-action humanoid systems.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 44 of its 52 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Oct 2025.

Builds on

44 of 52 references.

References · 44

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2017Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithmscited by 14,441
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  4. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  5. 2017Arbitrary Style Transfer in Real-time with Adaptive Instance Normalizationcited by 1,998
  6. 2022MaskGIT: Masked Generative Image Transformercited by 1,082
  7. 2022Human Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 1,062
  8. 2024SiT: Exploring Flow and Diffusion-based Generative Models with Scalable Interpolant Transformerscited by 707
  9. 2024Autoregressive Image Generation without Vector Quantizationcited by 644
  10. 2023T2M-GPT: Generating Human Motion from Textual Descriptions with Discrete Representationscited by 577
  11. 2022Executing your Commands via Motion Diffusion in Latent Spacecited by 567
  12. 2023MotionGPT: Human Motion as a Foreign Languagecited by 521
32 more
  1. 2023MoMask: Generative Masked Modeling of 3D Human Motionscited by 388
  2. 2022TM2T: Stochastic and Tokenized Modeling for the Reciprocal Generation of 3D Human Motions and Textscited by 357
  3. 2023ReMoDiffuse: Retrieval-Augmented Motion Diffusion Modelcited by 282
  4. 2022FLAME: Free-form Language-based Motion Synthesis & Editingcited by 217
  5. 2023Perpetual Humanoid Control for Real-time Simulated Avatarscited by 198
  6. 2024OmniH2O: Universal and Dexterous Human-to-Humanoid Whole-Body Teleoperation and Learningcited by 167
  7. 2024HumanPlus: Humanoid Shadowing and Imitation from Humanscited by 164
  8. 2023MotionGPT: Finetuned LLMs Are General-Purpose Motion Generatorscited by 145
  9. 2025RoboBrain: A Unified Brain Model for Robotic Manipulation from Abstract to Concretecited by 134
  10. 2025RoboRefer: Towards Spatial Referring with Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Roboticscited by 125
  11. 2023AttT2M: Text-Driven Human Motion Generation with Multi-Perspective Attention Mechanismcited by 116
  12. 2025ASAP: Aligning Simulation and Real-World Physics for Learning Agile Humanoid Whole-Body Skillscited by 104
  13. 20233D Human Pose Estimation via Intuitive Physicscited by 100
  14. 2025RoboBrain 2.0 Technical Reportcited by 87
  15. 2025MotionStreamer: Streaming Motion Generation via Diffusion-based Autoregressive Model in Causal Latent Spacecited by 82
  16. 2024Rethinking Diffusion for Text-Driven Human Motion Generation: Redundant Representations, Evaluation, and Masked Autoregressioncited by 78
  17. 2024HOVER: Versatile Neural Whole-Body Controller for Humanoid Robotscited by 76
  18. 2024ExBody2: Advanced Expressive Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 75
  19. 2025GMT: General Motion Tracking for Humanoid Whole-Body Controlcited by 72
  20. 2025Go to Zero: Towards Zero-shot Motion Generation with Million-scale Datacited by 67
  21. 2024Code-as-Monitor: Constraint-aware Visual Programming for Reactive and Proactive Robotic Failure Detectioncited by 59
  22. 2024LaMP: Language-Motion Pretraining for Motion Generation, Retrieval, and Captioningcited by 58
  23. 2025KungfuBot: Physics-Based Humanoid Whole-Body Control for Learning Highly-Dynamic Skillscited by 39
  24. 2023Motion Flow Matching for Human Motion Synthesis and Editingcited by 36
  25. 2024Humanoid-Gym: Reinforcement Learning for Humanoid Robot with Zero-Shot Sim2Real Transfercited by 35
  26. 2025Towards a Unified Understanding of Robot Manipulation: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 32
  27. 2024PDP: Physics-Based Character Animation via Diffusion Policycited by 30
  28. 2025TIGeR: Tool-Integrated Geometric Reasoning in Vision-Language Models for Roboticscited by 27
  29. 2024MLIP: Enhancing Medical Visual Representation with Divergence Encoder and Knowledge-guided Contrastive Learningcited by 23
  30. 2025LangWBC: Language-directed Humanoid Whole-Body Control via End-to-end Learningcited by 19
  31. 2025RL from Physical Feedback: Aligning Large Motion Models with Humanoid Controlcited by 10
  32. 2023General Point Model with Autoencoding and Autoregressivecited by 9

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 2; 2026: 15.

17 papers.

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  1. 2026TextOp: Real-time Interactive Text-Driven Humanoid Robot Motion Generation and Controlcited by 14
  2. 2026FRoM-W1: Towards General Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Language Instructionscited by 10
  3. 2026HEX: Humanoid-Aligned Experts for Cross-Embodiment Whole-Body Manipulationcited by 10
  4. 2025RoboMirror: Understand Before You Imitate for Video to Humanoid Locomotioncited by 6
  5. 2025UniAct: Unified Motion Generation and Action Streaming for Humanoid Robotscited by 5
  6. 2026ZeroWBC: Learning Natural Whole-Body Humanoid Interaction from Human Egocentric Datacited by 5
  7. 2026Heracles: Bridging Precise Tracking and Generative Synthesis for General Humanoid Controlcited by 5
  8. 2026ω-0: A Latent Predictive World Action Model for Concurrent Humanoid Loco-Manipulationcited by 5
  9. 2026Action-Sketcher: From Reasoning to Action via Visual Sketches for Long-Horizon Robotic Manipulationcited by 4
  10. 2026ECHO: Edge-Cloud Humanoid Orchestration for Language-to-Motion Controlcited by 4
  11. 2026PhyGile: Physics-Prefix Guided Motion Generation for Agile General Humanoid Motion Trackingcited by 2
  12. 2026PhysMoDPO: Physically-Plausible Humanoid Motion with Preference Optimizationcited by 1
5 more
  1. 2026MIND: Multi-Scale Intent Diffusion for Text-Driven Physics-Based Humanoid Controlcited by 1
  2. 2026GenTrack: Physical Alignment for Robot-Native Motion Generation and Zero-Shot Humanoid Trackingcited by 1
  3. 2026Before the Body Moves: Learning Anticipatory Joint Intent for Language-Conditioned Humanoid Controlcited by 0
  4. 2026PredActor: Predictive Action Diffusion for Steerable Onboard Humanoid Controlcited by 0
  5. 2026Sample, Simulate, Select: Physics-in-the-Loop Text-to-Motion for Humanoids Without Trainingcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Commanding Humanoid by Free-form Language: A Large Language Action Model with Unified Motion Vocabulary
  2. 2026SCRIPT: Scalable Diffusion Policy with Multi-stage Training for Language-driven Physics-Based Humanoid Control
  3. 2025Free-T2M: Robust Text-to-Motion Generation for Humanoid Robots via Frequency-Domain
  4. 2026DreamControl-v2: Simpler and Scalable Autonomous Humanoid Skills via Trainable Guided Diffusion Priors
  5. 2026ADAPT: Agile Diffusion Action Priors for Robust and Steerable Online Text-Driven Humanoid Control ↗
  6. 2025SENTINEL: A Fully End-to-End Language-Action Model for Humanoid Whole Body Control
  7. 2025Semantic Co-Speech Gesture Synthesis and Real-Time Control for Humanoid Robots ↗
  8. 2025LeVERB: Humanoid Whole-Body Control with Latent Vision-Language Instruction