mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DiffAD: A Unified Diffusion Modeling Approach for Autonomous Driving

arXiv 2503.12170 ↗First posted 15 Mar 2025cs.RO cs.CVcited by 26

On the map: Diffusion models → Diffusion and flow policies for robotics

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Abstract (arXiv)

End-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has rapidly emerged as a promising approach toward achieving full autonomy. However, existing E2E-AD systems typically adopt a traditional multi-task framework, addressing perception, prediction, and planning tasks through separate task-specific heads. Despite being trained in a fully differentiable manner, they still encounter issues with task coordination, and the system complexity remains high. In this work, we introduce DiffAD, a novel diffusion probabilistic model that redefines autonomous driving as a conditional image generation task. By rasterizing heterogeneous targets onto a unified bird's-eye view (BEV) and modeling their latent distribution, DiffAD unifies various driving objectives and jointly optimizes all driving tasks in a single framework, significantly reducing system complexity and harmonizing task coordination. The reverse process iteratively refines the generated BEV image, resulting in more robust and realistic driving behaviors. Closed-loop evaluations in Carla demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, achieving a new state-of-the-art Success Rate and Driving Score.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Diffusion and flow policies for robotics, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 46 of its 55 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Mar 2025.

Builds on

46 of 55 references.

Closest ancestors · 1

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Driving22 Nov

Other references · 45

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
  3. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,655
  4. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
  5. 2021Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesiscited by 8,185
  6. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  7. 2015Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamicscited by 7,005
  8. 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understandingcited by 6,322
  9. 2022Scalable Diffusion Models with Transformerscited by 5,931
  10. 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Modelscited by 5,466
  11. 2019Generative Modeling by Estimating Gradients of the Data Distributioncited by 4,067
  12. 2021Improved Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 3,736
33 more
  1. 2022Flow Straight and Fast: Learning to Generate and Transfer Data with Rectified Flowcited by 3,550
  2. 2017CARLA: An Open Urban Driving Simulatorcited by 2,431
  3. 2022Video Diffusion Modelscited by 2,280
  4. 2023Align your Latents: High-Resolution Video Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 1,465
  5. 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,213
  6. 2022Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,172
  7. 2022Planning-oriented Autonomous Drivingcited by 1,068
  8. 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,040
  9. 2021DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queriescited by 655
  10. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 613
  11. 2022PETR: Position Embedding Transformation for Multi-View 3D Object Detectioncited by 550
  12. 2020VectorNet: Encoding HD Maps and Agent Dynamics from Vectorized Representationcited by 528
  13. 2023End-to-end Autonomous Driving: Challenges and Frontierscited by 485
  14. 2024DriveVLM: The Convergence of Autonomous Driving and Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 482
  15. 2023DriveGPT4: Interpretable End-to-end Autonomous Driving via Large Language Modelcited by 455
  16. 2022MapTR: Structured Modeling and Learning for Online Vectorized HD Map Constructioncited by 311
  17. 2021DenseTNT: End-to-end Trajectory Prediction from Dense Goal Setscited by 292
  18. 2021HDMapNet: An Online HD Map Construction and Evaluation Frameworkcited by 280
  19. 2024Bench2Drive: Towards Multi-Ability Benchmarking of Closed-Loop End-To-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 250
  20. 2022Trajectory-guided Control Prediction for End-to-end Autonomous Driving: A Simple yet Strong Baselinecited by 247
  21. 2022VectorMapNet: End-to-end Vectorized HD Map Learningcited by 243
  22. 2023Is Ego Status All You Need for Open-Loop End-to-End Autonomous Driving?cited by 242
  23. 2022Diffusion models as plug-and-play priorscited by 230
  24. 2016Professor Forcing: A New Algorithm for Training Recurrent Networkscited by 214
  25. 2021MP3: A Unified Model to Map, Perceive, Predict and Plancited by 211
  26. 2023MotionDiffuser: Controllable Multi-Agent Motion Prediction using Diffusioncited by 210
  27. 2023Rethinking the Open-Loop Evaluation of End-to-End Autonomous Driving in nuScenescited by 191
  28. 2023Think Twice before Driving: Towards Scalable Decoders for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 168
  29. 2021Scene Transformer: A unified architecture for predicting multiple agent trajectoriescited by 165
  30. 2023DriveAdapter: Breaking the Coupling Barrier of Perception and Planning in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 142
  31. 2023Talk2BEV: Language-enhanced Bird's-eye View Maps for Autonomous Drivingcited by 88
  32. 2023PolyDiffuse: Polygonal Shape Reconstruction via Guided Set Diffusion Modelscited by 36
  33. 2023DiffBEV: Conditional Diffusion Model for Bird's Eye View Perceptioncited by 30

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 14; 2026: 12.

26 papers.

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  1. 2025DriveMoE: Mixture-of-Experts for Vision-Language-Action Model in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 85
  2. 2025Omni-Video: Democratizing Unified Video Understanding and Generationcited by 39
  3. 2025MindDrive: A Vision-Language-Action Model for Autonomous Driving via Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 25
  4. 2025DIVER: Reinforced Diffusion Breaks Imitation Bottlenecks in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
  5. 2025Generative AI for Autonomous Driving: Frontiers and Opportunitiescited by 7
  6. 2025Model-Based Policy Adaptation for Closed-Loop End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 7
  7. 2025Fully Unified Motion Planning for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 6
  8. 2025A Knowledge-Driven Diffusion Policy for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Based on Expert Routingcited by 5
  9. 2025Prioritizing Perception-Guided Self-Supervision: A New Paradigm for Causal Modeling in End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 5
  10. 2025AXIS: Explainable Time Series Anomaly Detection with Large Language Modelscited by 4
  11. 2025WPT: World-to-Policy Transfer via Online World Model Distillationcited by 4
  12. 2025ExpertAD: Enhancing Autonomous Driving Systems with Mixture of Expertscited by 3
14 more
  1. 2025DiffVL: Diffusion-Based Visual Localization on 2D Maps via BEV-Conditioned GPS Denoisingcited by 2
  2. 2025Diffusion Models for Reinforcement Learning: Foundations, Taxonomy, and Developmentcited by 2
  3. 2026Deconfounded Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Driving via Dynamic Knowledge Spacescited by 2
  4. 2026OWMDrive: Causality-Aware End-to-End Autonomous Driving via 4D Occupancy World Modelcited by 2
  5. 2026AlignDrive: Aligned Lateral-Longitudinal Planning for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
  6. 2026Physics-informed Diffusion Mamba Transformer for Real-world Drivingcited by 1
  7. 2026PerlAD: Towards Enhanced Closed-loop End-to-end Autonomous Driving with Pseudo-simulation-based Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  8. 2026LMGenDrive: Bridging Multimodal Understanding and Generative World Modeling for End-to-End Drivingcited by 1
  9. 2026UniTeD: Unified Temporal Diffusion for Joint Perception and Planning in Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
  10. 2026ScenarioControl: Vision-Language Controllable Vectorized Latent Scenario Generationcited by 0
  11. 2026LVDrive: Latent Visual Representation Enhanced Vision-Language-Action Autonomous Driving Modelcited by 0
  12. 2026Off the Rails: Hijacking the Scoring Head in Generative End-to-End Driving Planners with Safety-Violating Adversarial Perturbationscited by 0
  13. 2026MOJITO: Modal Joint Learning for Unified End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
  14. 2026WAM-Diff2: Hierarchical AR-to-Diffusion Distillation for Highly Efficient Autonomous Driving VLAcited by 0

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025DiffE2E: Rethinking End-to-End Driving with a Hybrid Action Diffusion and Supervised Policy
  2. 2025DiffVLA: Vision-Language Guided Diffusion Planning for Autonomous Driving
  3. 2024DualAD: Disentangling the Dynamic and Static World for End-to-End Driving
  4. 2025Sim2Real Diffusion: Leveraging Foundation Vision Language Models for Adaptive Automated Driving
  5. 2025ViLaD: A Large Vision Language Diffusion Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  6. 2023ADriver-I: A General World Model for Autonomous Driving
  7. 2024SparseDrive: End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Sparse Scene Representation
  8. 2024Forging Vision Foundation Models for Autonomous Driving: Challenges, Methodologies, and Opportunities