mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Off the Rails: Hijacking the Scoring Head in Generative End-to-End Driving Planners with Safety-Violating Adversarial Perturbations

arXiv 2606.30807 ↗First posted 29 Jun 2026cs.RO cs.CR cs.CVcited by 0

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Adversarial scenarios and safety testing

Abstract (arXiv)

Generative models have recently seen rapid adoption in End-to-End (E2E) autonomous driving (AD), with diffusion-based denoising and vocabulary-based retrieval becoming the dominant trajectory-decoding paradigms. Despite their architectural diversity, current generative AD planners share a common inference pattern: a fixed set of candidate trajectories (anchors, vocabulary entries, or proposal queries) is scored by one or more learned heads conditioned on the Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) features, and the highest-scored candidate is returned as the final trajectory. Under this design, the scoring head is the only barrier between perception and the motion command, and its decision margins between competing candidates are often small. We introduce textscDerail, an adversarial framework that exploits this scoring-head attack surface. Evaluated on various generative planners, textscDerail flips the trajectory selection from a safe to an unsafe candidate, with score drops of 39--80% and collision rates of up to 50%, consistently outperforming generic loss-maximization and feature-divergence attacks. Our analysis suggests that safety-violating objectives govern attack effectiveness against generative AD planners, and that the scoring-head inference pattern itself is a recurring attack surface worth explicit defensive consideration.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Adversarial scenarios and safety testing, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 47 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Jun 2026.

Builds on

47 of 62 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024Attack End-to-End Autonomous Driving through Module-Wise Noise12 Sep
  2. 2021Adversarial Driving: Attacking End-to-End Autonomous Driving16 Mar

Other references · 45

  1. 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 21,076
  2. 2020Denoising Diffusion Implicit Modelscited by 9,781
  3. 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 9,122
  4. 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,415
  5. 2013Intriguing properties of neural networkscited by 5,155
  6. 2023Diffusion Policy: Visuomotor Policy Learning via Action Diffusioncited by 2,838
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  8. 2022Planning with Diffusion for Flexible Behavior Synthesiscited by 1,061
  9. 2023VAD: Vectorized Scene Representation for Efficient Autonomous Drivingcited by 622
  10. 2018Improving Transferability of Adversarial Examples with Input Diversitycited by 599
  11. 2017Adversarial Patchcited by 517
  12. 2022Is Conditional Generative Modeling all you need for Decision-Making?cited by 516
33 more
  1. 2021NuPlan: A closed-loop ML-based planning benchmark for autonomous vehiclescited by 493
  2. 2018An Algorithmic Perspective on Imitation Learningcited by 459
  3. 2018Lipschitz regularity of deep neural networks: analysis and efficient estimationcited by 415
  4. 2024DiffusionDrive: Truncated Diffusion Model for End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 334
  5. 2023Parting with Misconceptions about Learning-based Vehicle Motion Planningcited by 242
  6. 2024GenAD: Generative End-to-End Autonomous Drivingcited by 225
  7. 2023RoboGen: Towards Unleashing Infinite Data for Automated Robot Learning via Generative Simulationcited by 218
  8. 2019Adversarial Policies: Attacking Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 214
  9. 2023MotionDiffuser: Controllable Multi-Agent Motion Prediction using Diffusioncited by 213
  10. 2017Robust Deep Reinforcement Learning with Adversarial Attackscited by 154
  11. 2018DPatch: An Adversarial Patch Attack on Object Detectorscited by 147
  12. 2025Diffusion-Based Planning for Autonomous Driving with Flexible Guidancecited by 141
  13. 2023Diffusion Model is an Effective Planner and Data Synthesizer for Multi-Task Reinforcement Learningcited by 115
  14. 2023Visual Point Cloud Forecasting enables Scalable Autonomous Drivingcited by 99
  15. 2025Hydra-MDP++: Advancing End-to-End Driving via Expert-Guided Hydra-Distillationcited by 96
  16. 2023Generative Skill Chaining: Long-Horizon Skill Planning with Diffusion Modelscited by 91
  17. 2025Cosmos-Drive-Dreams: Scalable Synthetic Driving Data Generation with World Foundation Modelscited by 84
  18. 2019Conditional Generative Neural System for Probabilistic Trajectory Predictioncited by 76
  19. 2025Generalized Trajectory Scoring for End-to-end Multimodal Planningcited by 67
  20. 2020Stealthy and Efficient Adversarial Attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 63
  21. 2020Multimodal Deep Generative Models for Trajectory Prediction: A Conditional Variational Autoencoder Approachcited by 47
  22. 2023Crossway Diffusion: Improving Diffusion-based Visuomotor Policy via Self-supervised Learningcited by 40
  23. 2025DiffAD: A Unified Diffusion Modeling Approach for Autonomous Drivingcited by 26
  24. 2024Diffusion Policy Attacker: Crafting Adversarial Attacks for Diffusion-based Policiescited by 18
  25. 2025Generative Artificial Intelligence in Robotic Manipulation: A Surveycited by 16
  26. 2019Real Time Trajectory Prediction Using Deep Conditional Generative Modelscited by 11
  27. 2023Dynamic Adversarial Attacks on Autonomous Driving Systemscited by 11
  28. 2024DDM-Lag : A Diffusion-based Decision-making Model for Autonomous Vehicles with Lagrangian Safety Enhancementcited by 11
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  30. 2025See No Evil: Adversarial Attacks Against Linguistic-Visual Association in Referring Multi-Object Tracking Systemscited by 1
  31. 2026ReflexDiffusion: Reflection-Enhanced Trajectory Planning for High-lateral-acceleration Scenarios in Autonomous Drivingcited by 1
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  33. 2026Out of Sight, Out of Track: Adversarial Attacks on Propagation-based Multi-Object Trackers via Query State Manipulationcited by 1

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  3. 2026What Matters for Scalable and Robust Learning in End-to-End Driving Planners?
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  6. 2026CLEAR: Cognition and Latent Evaluation for Adaptive Routing in End-to-End Autonomous Driving
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