Advanced Large Language Model (LLM)-Driven Verilog Development: Enhancing Power, Performance, and Area Optimization in Code Synthesis
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Abstract (arXiv)
The increasing use of Advanced Language Models (ALMs) in diverse sectors, particularly due to their impressive capability to generate top-tier content following linguistic instructions, forms the core of this investigation. This study probes into ALMs' deployment in electronic hardware design, with a specific emphasis on the synthesis and enhancement of Verilog programming. We introduce an innovative framework, crafted to assess and amplify ALMs' productivity in this niche. The methodology commences with the initial crafting of Verilog programming via ALMs, succeeded by a distinct dual-stage refinement protocol. The premier stage prioritizes augmenting the code's operational and linguistic precision, while the latter stage is dedicated to aligning the code with Power-Performance-Area (PPA) benchmarks, a pivotal component in proficient hardware design. This bifurcated strategy, merging error remediation with PPA enhancement, has yielded substantial upgrades in the caliber of ALM-created Verilog programming. Our framework achieves an 81.37% rate in linguistic accuracy and 62.0% in operational efficacy in programming synthesis, surpassing current leading-edge techniques, such as 73% in linguistic accuracy and 46% in operational efficacy. These findings illuminate ALMs' aptitude in tackling complex technical domains and signal a positive shift in the mechanization of hardware design operations.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 24 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 2 Dec 2023.
Builds on
9 of 24 references.
References · 9
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2022CodeGen: An Open Large Language Model for Code with Multi-Turn Program Synthesiscited by 876
- 2021True Few-Shot Learning with Language Modelscited by 343
- 2023VerilogEval: Evaluating Large Language Models for Verilog Code Generationcited by 246
- 2022Why Can GPT Learn In-Context? Language Models Implicitly Perform Gradient Descent as Meta-Optimizerscited by 204
- 2023Chip-Chat: Challenges and Opportunities in Conversational Hardware Designcited by 136
- 2022Benchmarking Large Language Models for Automated Verilog RTL Code Generationcited by 112
- 2019DRiLLS: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Logic Synthesiscited by 47
- 2023Improving Few-Shot Generalization by Exploring and Exploiting Auxiliary Datacited by 13
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Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 3; 2025: 5; 2026: 5.
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- 2023MaxK-GNN: Extremely Fast GPU Kernel Design for Accelerating Graph Neural Networks Trainingcited by 25
- 2024EDA Corpus: A Large Language Model Dataset for Enhanced Interaction with OpenROADcited by 12
- 2024FVEval: Understanding Language Model Capabilities in Formal Verification of Digital Hardwarecited by 9
- 2025TuRTLe: A Unified Evaluation of LLMs for RTL Generationcited by 8
- 2026Dr. RTL: Autonomous Agentic RTL Optimization through Tool-Grounded Self-Improvementcited by 5
- 2025REvolution: An Evolutionary Framework for RTL Generation driven by Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2026Can Agents Secure Hardware? Evaluating Agentic LLM-Driven Obfuscation for IP Protectioncited by 3
- 2025GENIE-ASI: Generative Instruction and Executable Code for Analog Subcircuit Identificationcited by 2
- 2026CODMAS: A Dialectic Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework for Structured RTL Optimizationcited by 2
- 2024Key Information Retrieval to Classify the Unstructured Data Content of Preferential Trade Agreementscited by 1
- 2025RocketPPA: Code-Level Power, Performance, and Area Prediction via LLM and Mixture of Expertscited by 0
- 2025PEFA-AI: Advancing Open-source LLMs for RTL generation using Progressive Error Feedback Agentic-AIcited by 0
- 2026LLMs in Digital EDA: A perspective on shifting roles from Generation to Orchestration27 Aug 2026
- 2026AutoPPA: Automated Circuit PPA Optimization via Contrastive Code-based Rule Library Learning20 Apr 2026
- 2026Dr. RTL: Autonomous Agentic RTL Optimization through Tool-Grounded Self-Improvement16 Apr 2026
- 2026Can Agents Secure Hardware? Evaluating Agentic LLM-Driven Obfuscation for IP Protection14 Apr 2026
- 2026CODMAS: A Dialectic Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework for Structured RTL Optimization17 Mar 2026
- 2025PEFA-AI: Advancing Open-source LLMs for RTL generation using Progressive Error Feedback Agentic-AI6 Nov 2025
- 2025REvolution: An Evolutionary Framework for RTL Generation driven by Large Language Models24 Oct 2025
- 2025GENIE-ASI: Generative Instruction and Executable Code for Analog Subcircuit Identification26 Aug 2025
- 2025TuRTLe: A Unified Evaluation of LLMs for RTL Generation31 Mar 2025
- 2025RocketPPA: Code-Level Power, Performance, and Area Prediction via LLM and Mixture of Experts27 Mar 2025
- 2024FVEval: Understanding Language Model Capabilities in Formal Verification of Digital Hardware15 Oct 2024
- 2024EDA Corpus: A Large Language Model Dataset for Enhanced Interaction with OpenROAD4 May 2024
- 2026Dr. RTL: Autonomous Agentic RTL Optimization through Tool-Grounded Self-Improvementcited by 5
- 2026Can Agents Secure Hardware? Evaluating Agentic LLM-Driven Obfuscation for IP Protectioncited by 3
- 2026CODMAS: A Dialectic Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework for Structured RTL Optimizationcited by 2
- 2025PEFA-AI: Advancing Open-source LLMs for RTL generation using Progressive Error Feedback Agentic-AIcited by 0
- 2026Dr. RTL: Autonomous Agentic RTL Optimization through Tool-Grounded Self-Improvement16 Apr 2026
- 2026Can Agents Secure Hardware? Evaluating Agentic LLM-Driven Obfuscation for IP Protection14 Apr 2026
- 2026CODMAS: A Dialectic Multi-Agent Collaborative Framework for Structured RTL Optimization17 Mar 2026
- 2025PEFA-AI: Advancing Open-source LLMs for RTL generation using Progressive Error Feedback Agentic-AI6 Nov 2025
- 2023MaxK-GNN: Extremely Fast GPU Kernel Design for Accelerating Graph Neural Networks Trainingcited by 25
- 2024EDA Corpus: A Large Language Model Dataset for Enhanced Interaction with OpenROADcited by 12
- 2024FVEval: Understanding Language Model Capabilities in Formal Verification of Digital Hardwarecited by 9
- 2025TuRTLe: A Unified Evaluation of LLMs for RTL Generationcited by 8
- 2025REvolution: An Evolutionary Framework for RTL Generation driven by Large Language Modelscited by 4
- 2025GENIE-ASI: Generative Instruction and Executable Code for Analog Subcircuit Identificationcited by 2
- 2024Key Information Retrieval to Classify the Unstructured Data Content of Preferential Trade Agreementscited by 1
- 2026AutoPPA: Automated Circuit PPA Optimization via Contrastive Code-based Rule Library Learningcited by 0
- 2026LLMs in Digital EDA: A perspective on shifting roles from Generation to Orchestrationcited by 0
- 2026LLMs in Digital EDA: A perspective on shifting roles from Generation to Orchestration27 Aug 2026
- 2026AutoPPA: Automated Circuit PPA Optimization via Contrastive Code-based Rule Library Learning20 Apr 2026
- 2025REvolution: An Evolutionary Framework for RTL Generation driven by Large Language Models24 Oct 2025
- 2025GENIE-ASI: Generative Instruction and Executable Code for Analog Subcircuit Identification26 Aug 2025
- 2025TuRTLe: A Unified Evaluation of LLMs for RTL Generation31 Mar 2025
- 2024FVEval: Understanding Language Model Capabilities in Formal Verification of Digital Hardware15 Oct 2024
- 2024EDA Corpus: A Large Language Model Dataset for Enhanced Interaction with OpenROAD4 May 2024
- 2024Key Information Retrieval to Classify the Unstructured Data Content of Preferential Trade Agreements23 Jan 2024
- 2023MaxK-GNN: Extremely Fast GPU Kernel Design for Accelerating Graph Neural Networks Training14 Dec 2023