mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Markerless human pose estimation for biomedical applications: a survey

arXiv 2308.00519 ↗First posted 1 Aug 2023cs.CVcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

Markerless Human Pose Estimation (HPE) proved its potential to support decision making and assessment in many fields of application. HPE is often preferred to traditional marker-based Motion Capture systems due to the ease of setup, portability, and affordable cost of the technology. However, the exploitation of HPE in biomedical applications is still under investigation. This review aims to provide an overview of current biomedical applications of HPE. In this paper, we examine the main features of HPE approaches and discuss whether or not those features are of interest to biomedical applications. We also identify those areas where HPE is already in use and present peculiarities and trends followed by researchers and practitioners. We include here 25 approaches to HPE and more than 40 studies of HPE applied to motor development assessment, neuromuscolar rehabilitation, and gait & posture analysis. We conclude that markerless HPE offers great potential for extending diagnosis and rehabilitation outside hospitals and clinics, toward the paradigm of remote medical care.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 119 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2023.

Builds on

43 of 119 references.

References · 43

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
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  3. 2019Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Visual Recognitioncited by 1,417
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  5. 2016Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation using Part Affinity Fieldscited by 1,061
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  10. 2016Associative Embedding: End-to-End Learning for Joint Detection and Groupingcited by 211
  11. 2018Markerless tracking of user-defined features with deep learningcited by 203
  12. 2022AlphaPose: Whole-Body Regional Multi-Person Pose Estimation and Tracking in Real-Timecited by 199
31 more
  1. 2020Whole-Body Human Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 178
  2. 2017V2V-PoseNet: Voxel-to-Voxel Prediction Network for Accurate 3D Hand and Human Pose Estimation from a Single Depth Mapcited by 102
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  4. 2018ESPNetv2: A Light-weight, Power Efficient, and General Purpose Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 90
  5. 2019RepNet: Weakly Supervised Training of an Adversarial Reprojection Network for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 85
  6. 2021Probabilistic Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation with Normalizing Flowscited by 84
  7. 2017Lifting from the Deep: Convolutional 3D Pose Estimation from a Single Imagecited by 73
  8. 2020CanonPose: Self-Supervised Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 65
  9. 2018MVOR: A Multi-view RGB-D Operating Room Dataset for 2D and 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 49
  10. 2020UniPose: Unified Human Pose Estimation in Single Images and Videoscited by 49
  11. 2022Faster VoxelPose: Real-time 3D Human Pose Estimation by Orthographic Projectioncited by 39
  12. 2021Multi-View Multi-Person 3D Pose Estimation with Plane Sweep Stereocited by 38
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  16. 2018Learning and Tracking the 3D Body Shape of Freely Moving Infants from RGB-D sequencescited by 19
  17. 2017A Multi-view RGB-D Approach for Human Pose Estimation in Operating Roomscited by 17
  18. 2020Weakly-supervised Learning of Human Dynamicscited by 13
  19. 2021MetaPose: Fast 3D Pose from Multiple Views without 3D Supervisioncited by 12
  20. 2021FLEX: Extrinsic Parameters-free Multi-view 3D Human Motion Reconstructioncited by 11
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  22. 2019Movement science needs different pose tracking algorithmscited by 9
  23. 2020Preterm infants' pose estimation with spatio-temporal featurescited by 9
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  25. 2020EfficientPose: Scalable single-person pose estimationcited by 7
  26. 2022I-SPLIT: Deep Network Interpretability for Split Computingcited by 7
  27. 2022Semi-supervised Body Parsing and Pose Estimation for Enhancing Infant General Movement Assessmentcited by 6
  28. 2021Fast and Flexible Human Pose Estimation with HyperPosecited by 5
  29. 2020Algorithm Based on One Monocular Video Delivers Highly Valid and Reliable Gait Parameterscited by 4
  30. 2020SiamParseNet: Joint Body Parsing and Label Propagation in Infant Movement Videoscited by 3
  31. 2023Split-Et-Impera: A Framework for the Design of Distributed Deep Learning Applicationscited by 3

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 8; 2026: 3.

13 papers.

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  1. 2025GAITGen: Disentangled Motion-Pathology Impaired Gait Generative Model -- Bringing Motion Generation to the Clinical Domaincited by 7
  2. 2023Deep Learning Approaches for Seizure Video Analysis: A Reviewcited by 6
  3. 2025M4Human: A Large-Scale Multimodal mmWave Radar Benchmark for Human Mesh Reconstructioncited by 6
  4. 2025CARE-PD: A Multi-Site Anonymized Clinical Dataset for Parkinson's Disease Gait Assessmentcited by 5
  5. 2024Continuous Patient Monitoring with AI: Real-Time Analysis of Video in Hospital Care Settingscited by 4
  6. 2025Benchmarking 3D Human Pose Estimation Models under Occlusionscited by 2
  7. 2026Breaking Coordinate Overfitting: Geometry-Aware WiFi Sensing for Cross-Layout 3D Pose Estimationcited by 2
  8. 2025PoseLLM: Enhancing Language-Guided Human Pose Estimation with MLP Alignmentcited by 0
  9. 2025Paving the Way Towards Kinematic Assessment Using Monocular Video: A Preclinical Benchmark of State-of-the-Art Deep-Learning-Based 3D Human Pose Estimators Against Inertial Sensors in Daily Living Activitiescited by 0
  10. 2025PRGCN: A Graph Memory Network for Cross-Sequence Pattern Reuse in 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
  11. 2025Physics Informed Human Posture Estimation Based on 3D Landmarks from Monocular RGB-Videoscited by 0
  12. 2026DisPOSE: Projected Polystochastic Diffusion for Self-Supervised Multi-View 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
1 more
  1. 2026RePos: Relative-to-Absolute Pose Factorization for Cross-Environment WiFi-Based 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 0