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A review of 3D human pose estimation algorithms for markerless motion capture

arXiv 2010.06449 ↗First posted 13 Oct 2020cs.CVcited by 24

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Abstract (arXiv)

Human pose estimation is a very active research field, stimulated by its important applications in robotics, entertainment or health and sports sciences, among others. Advances in convolutional networks triggered noticeable improvements in 2D pose estimation, leading modern 3D markerless motion capture techniques to an average error per joint of 20 mm. However, with the proliferation of methods, it is becoming increasingly difficult to make an informed choice. Here, we review the leading human pose estimation methods of the past five years, focusing on metrics, benchmarks and method structures. We propose a taxonomy based on accuracy, speed and robustness that we use to classify de methods and derive directions for future research.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Oct 2020.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 5; 2023: 7; 2024: 5; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.

24 papers.

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  1. 2023Deep Learning for Event-based Vision: A Comprehensive Survey and Benchmarkscited by 90
  2. 2023IMUPoser: Full-Body Pose Estimation using IMUs in Phones, Watches, and Earbudscited by 52
  3. 2022DeciWatch: A Simple Baseline for 10x Efficient 2D and 3D Pose Estimationcited by 29
  4. 2024DisCoRD: Discrete Tokens to Continuous Motion via Rectified Flow Decodingcited by 17
  5. 2022Dual networks based 3D Multi-Person Pose Estimation from Monocular Videocited by 13
  6. 2023Markerless human pose estimation for biomedical applications: a surveycited by 13
  7. 2024Markerless Multi-view 3D Human Pose Estimation: a surveycited by 9
  8. 2024Domain-Adaptive 2D Human Pose Estimation via Dual Teachers in Extremely Low-Light Conditionscited by 7
  9. 2026OpenCap Monocular: 3D Human Kinematics and Musculoskeletal Dynamics from a Single Smartphone Videocited by 7
  10. 2024Fusing uncalibrated IMUs and handheld smartphone video to reconstruct knee kinematicscited by 6
  11. 2022Bottom-Up 2D Pose Estimation via Dual Anatomical Centers for Small-Scale Personscited by 5
  12. 2024WheelPoser: Sparse-IMU Based Body Pose Estimation for Wheelchair Userscited by 5
12 more
  1. 2022Automatic Assessment of Functional Movement Screening Exercises with Deep Learning Architecturescited by 2
  2. 2022Fine-grained Human Activity Recognition Using Virtual On-body Acceleration Datacited by 2
  3. 2023Markerless 3D human pose tracking through multiple cameras and AI: Enabling high accuracy, robustness, and real-time performancecited by 2
  4. 2023Strengths and Weaknesses of 3D Pose Estimation and Inertial Motion Capture System for Movement Therapycited by 1
  5. 2023EVOPOSE: A Recursive Transformer For 3D Human Pose Estimation With Kinematic Structure Priorscited by 1
  6. 2025Validation of Human Pose Estimation and Human Mesh Recovery for Extracting Clinically Relevant Motion Data from Videoscited by 1
  7. 2025Grounding Intelligence in Movementcited by 1
  8. 2026DancingBox: A Lightweight MoCap System for Character Animation from Physical Proxiescited by 1
  9. 2021Topology-Preserved Human Reconstruction with Detailscited by 0
  10. 2023Predictive Modeling of Equine Activity Budgets Using a 3D Skeleton Reconstructed from Surveillance Recordingscited by 0
  11. 2025HDiffTG: A Lightweight Hybrid Diffusion-Transformer-GCN Architecture for 3D Human Pose Estimationcited by 0
  12. 2025COMETH: Convex Optimization for Multiview Estimation and Tracking of Humanscited by 0