DiffusionNet: Discretization Agnostic Learning on Surfaces
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce a new general-purpose approach to deep learning on 3D surfaces, based on the insight that a simple diffusion layer is highly effective for spatial communication. The resulting networks are automatically robust to changes in resolution and sampling of a surface -- a basic property which is crucial for practical applications. Our networks can be discretized on various geometric representations such as triangle meshes or point clouds, and can even be trained on one representation then applied to another. We optimize the spatial support of diffusion as a continuous network parameter ranging from purely local to totally global, removing the burden of manually choosing neighborhood sizes. The only other ingredients in the method are a multi-layer perceptron applied independently at each point, and spatial gradient features to support directional filters. The resulting networks are simple, robust, and efficient. Here, we focus primarily on triangle mesh surfaces, and demonstrate state-of-the-art results for a variety of tasks including surface classification, segmentation, and non-rigid correspondence.
Key facts. Cited by 163 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 26; 2023: 31; 2024: 32; 2025: 35; 2026: 32.
163 papers.
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- 2023MeshGPT: Generating Triangle Meshes with Decoder-Only Transformerscited by 257
- 2024Operator Learning: Algorithms and Analysiscited by 85
- 20223D-LDM: Neural Implicit 3D Shape Generation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 67
- 2021Subdivision-Based Mesh Convolution Networkscited by 60
- 2021DPFM: Deep Partial Functional Mapscited by 58
- 2023Unsupervised Learning of Robust Spectral Shape Matchingcited by 57
- 2023Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Simplified Scalable Conformer Generationcited by 55
- 2022Unsupervised Deep Multi-Shape Matchingcited by 39
- 2022Deep Orientation-Aware Functional Maps: Tackling Symmetry Issues in Shape Matchingcited by 36
- 2022Learning Multi-resolution Functional Maps with Spectral Attention for Robust Shape Matchingcited by 35
- 2024An Object is Worth 64x64 Pixels: Generating 3D Object via Image Diffusioncited by 34
- 20223D Highlighter: Localizing Regions on 3D Shapes via Text Descriptionscited by 32
38 more
- 2021Multiway Non-rigid Point Cloud Registration via Learned Functional Map Synchronizationcited by 30
- 2023Spatially and Spectrally Consistent Deep Functional Mapscited by 30
- 2022Mesh Neural Networks for SE(3)-Equivariant Hemodynamics Estimation on the Artery Wallcited by 29
- 2025ARTalk: Speech-Driven 3D Head Animation via Autoregressive Modelcited by 29
- 2022Neural Jacobian Fields: Learning Intrinsic Mappings of Arbitrary Meshescited by 28
- 2024Spectral Meets Spatial: Harmonising 3D Shape Matching and Interpolationcited by 26
- 2023Neural Face Rigging for Animating and Retargeting Facial Meshes in the Wildcited by 25
- 2024ScanTalk: 3D Talking Heads from Unregistered Scanscited by 24
- 2023Self-Supervised Learning for Multimodal Non-Rigid 3D Shape Matchingcited by 23
- 2022Intrinsic Neural Fields: Learning Functions on Manifoldscited by 20
- 2023Understanding and Improving Features Learned in Deep Functional Mapscited by 20
- 2022Growing Isotropic Neural Cellular Automatacited by 19
- 2023NCP: Neural Correspondence Prior for Effective Unsupervised Shape Matchingcited by 18
- 2023Hybrid Functional Maps for Crease-Aware Non-Isometric Shape Matchingcited by 18
- 2022TIDE: Time Derivative Diffusion for Deep Learning on Graphscited by 17
- 2023Controllable Group Choreography using Contrastive Diffusioncited by 17
- 2024Memory-Scalable and Simplified Functional Map Learningcited by 14
- 2024iSeg: Interactive 3D Segmentation via Interactive Attentioncited by 14
- 2025Denoising Functional Maps: Diffusion Models for Shape Correspondencecited by 14
- 2022Implicit field supervision for robust non-rigid shape matchingcited by 13
- 2022SRFeat: Learning Locally Accurate and Globally Consistent Non-Rigid Shape Correspondencecited by 13
- 2023Interpretable statistical representations of neural population dynamics and geometrycited by 12
- 2023Non-Rigid Shape Registration via Deep Functional Maps Priorcited by 12
- 2024Integrating Efficient Optimal Transport and Functional Maps For Unsupervised Shape Correspondence Learningcited by 12
- 2024SRIF: Semantic Shape Registration Empowered by Diffusion-based Image Morphing and Flow Estimationcited by 12
- 2024Wormhole Loss for Partial Shape Matchingcited by 12
- 2025Geometric Retargeting: A Principled, Ultrafast Neural Hand Retargeting Algorithmcited by 12
- 2022Laplacian2Mesh: Laplacian-Based Mesh Understandingcited by 11
- 2023Manifold Diffusion Fieldscited by 11
- 2023Single Mesh Diffusion Models with Field Latents for Texture Generationcited by 11
- 2024Beyond Complete Shapes: A Benchmark for Quantitative Evaluation of 3D Shape Surface Matching Algorithmscited by 11
- 2021DeltaConv: Anisotropic Operators for Geometric Deep Learning on Point Cloudscited by 10
- 2022A Flexible Diffusion Modelcited by 10
- 2024Zero-Shot Image Feature Consensus with Deep Functional Mapscited by 10
- 2024DV-Matcher: Deformation-based Non-Rigid Point Cloud Matching Guided by Pre-trained Visual Featurescited by 10
- 2025DiffuMatch: Category-Agnostic Spectral Diffusion Priors for Robust Non-rigid Shape Matchingcited by 10
- 2022What's the Situation with Intelligent Mesh Generation: A Survey and Perspectivescited by 9
- 2022DA Wand: Distortion-Aware Selection using Neural Mesh Parameterizationcited by 9
50 most cited of 163 All 163 (JSON)
- 2026NHO: A Neural Hamiltonian Operator for Anchor-based Region Localization and Dense Correspondence29 Sep 2026
- 2026Seeing Speech: Learning Visible Articulatory Dynamics for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation24 Sep 2026
- 2026Gauge-Equivariant Attention for Rotation-Stable 360^circ Scene Understanding23 Sep 2026
- 2026TopoRig: Topology-Agnostic Facial Rigging via Multi-Source Supervision14 Sep 2026
- 2026TokenMatch: 3D Mesh Correspondence Transformer with Curvature-Guided Tokenisation3 Sep 2026
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026Intrinsic and Triangulation-Agnostic Attention: A Simple and Powerful Approach for Learning on Meshes27 Jul 2026
- 2026MDND: Unsupervised Learning Guided by Non-Differentiable Refinement for Shape Correspondence17 Jul 2026
- 2026Factorized Neural Operators Decompose Dynamic and Persistent Responses15 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologies6 Jun 2026
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representations3 Jun 2026
- 2026Neural Navigation Functions for Zero-Shot Generalizable Motion Planning2 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026Functional Attention: From Pairwise Affinities to Functional Correspondences29 May 2026
- 2026Auditing Training-Free 3D Shape Retrieval with Diffused Geodesic Moments27 May 2026
- 2026vSV-ViT: Variable-size SuperVertex Vision Transformer for Cortical Surface Learning in Alzheimer's Disease26 May 2026
- 2026Learning Laplacian Eigenspace with Mass-Aware Neural Operators on Point Clouds23 May 2026
- 2026PolycubeNet: A Dual-latent Diffusion Model for Polycube-Based Hexahedral Mesh Generation19 May 2026
- 2026Mat'ern Noise for Triangulation-Agnostic Flow Matching on Meshes19 May 2026
- 2026SGSoft: Learning Fused Semantic-Geometric Features for 3D Shape Correspondence via Template-Guided Soft Signals18 May 2026
- 2026Learning Discrete Riemannian Metrics for Physical Fields with Cochain-Frame Equivarianc14 May 2026
- 2026Neural Surrogate Forward Modelling For Electrocardiology Without Explicit Intracellular Conductivity Tensor13 May 2026
- 2026DeepShapeMatchingKit: Accelerated Functional Map Solver and Shape Matching Pipelines Revisited11 Apr 2026
- 2026Non-Rigid 3D Shape Correspondences: From Foundations to Open Challenges and Opportunities1 Apr 2026
- 2026RINO: Rotation-Invariant Non-Rigid Correspondences29 Mar 2026
- 2026Parallelised Differentiable Straightest Geodesics for 3D Meshes16 Mar 2026
- 2026FreeTalk: Emotional Topology-Free 3D Talking Heads16 Mar 2026
- 2026A 3D mesh convolution-based autoencoder for geometry compression2 Mar 2026
- 2026Universal 3D Shape Matching via Coarse-to-Fine Language Guidance22 Feb 2026
- 2026An Integer Linear Programming Approach to Geometrically Consistent Partial-Partial Shape Matching6 Feb 2026
- 2026Neural Particle Automata: Learning Self-Organizing Particle Dynamics22 Jan 2026
- 2026Symmetry Informative and Agnostic Feature Disentanglement for 3D Shapes21 Jan 2026
- 2026Learning Domain Agnostic Latent Embeddings of 3D Faces for Zero-shot Animal Expression Transfer10 Jan 2026
- 2025Unified Brain Surface and Volume Registration22 Dec 2025
- 2025Geometric Laplace Neural Operator18 Dec 2025
- 2025Learning Eigenstructures of Unstructured Data Manifolds30 Nov 2025
- 2025RigAnyFace: Scaling Neural Facial Mesh Auto-Rigging with Unlabeled Data23 Nov 2025
- 2025FUSE: A Flow-based Mapping Between Shapes17 Nov 2025
- 2025Pain in 3D: Generating Controllable Synthetic Faces for Automated Pain Assessment20 Sep 2025
- 2025GenCAD-3D: CAD Program Generation using Multimodal Latent Space Alignment and Synthetic Dataset Balancing17 Sep 2025
- 2025SHREC 2025: Protein surface shape retrieval including electrostatic potential16 Sep 2025
- 2025LUIVITON: Learned Universal Interoperable VIrtual Try-ON5 Sep 2025
- 2025Second-Order Tensorial Partial Differential Equations on Graphs2 Sep 2025
- 2025HodgeFormer: Transformers for Learnable Operators on Triangular Meshes through Data-Driven Hodge Matrices1 Sep 2025
- 2025DcMatch: Unsupervised Multi-Shape Matching with Dual-Level Consistency1 Sep 2025
- 2025ScanMove: Motion Prediction and Transfer for Unregistered Body Meshes27 Aug 2025
- 2025Light-Weight Diffusion Multiplier and Uncertainty Quantification for Fourier Neural Operators1 Aug 2025
- 2025DiffuMatch: Category-Agnostic Spectral Diffusion Priors for Robust Non-rigid Shape Matching31 Jul 2025
- 2025OpenHuman4D: Open-Vocabulary 4D Human Parsing14 Jul 2025
- 2025FRIDU: Functional Map Refinement with Guided Image Diffusion17 Jun 2025
- 2025FOLIAGE: Towards Physical Intelligence World Models Via Unbounded Surface Evolution29 May 2025
50 newest of 163 All 163 (JSON)
- 20223D-LDM: Neural Implicit 3D Shape Generation with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 67
- 2023Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Simplified Scalable Conformer Generationcited by 55
- 2025Denoising Functional Maps: Diffusion Models for Shape Correspondencecited by 14
- 2024SRIF: Semantic Shape Registration Empowered by Diffusion-based Image Morphing and Flow Estimationcited by 12
- 2023Manifold Diffusion Fieldscited by 11
- 2023Single Mesh Diffusion Models with Field Latents for Texture Generationcited by 11
- 2022A Flexible Diffusion Modelcited by 10
- 2025DiffuMatch: Category-Agnostic Spectral Diffusion Priors for Robust Non-rigid Shape Matchingcited by 10
- 2025FRIDU: Functional Map Refinement with Guided Image Diffusioncited by 4
- 2025FUSE: A Flow-based Mapping Between Shapescited by 3
- 2025DoubleDiffusion: Combining Heat Diffusion with Denoising Diffusion for Texture Generation on 3D Meshescited by 1
- 2026Mat'ern Noise for Triangulation-Agnostic Flow Matching on Meshescited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026AnyTalk: Speech Animation for Arbitrary Characters Leveraging a Video Generation Model17 Aug 2026
- 2026PolycubeNet: A Dual-latent Diffusion Model for Polycube-Based Hexahedral Mesh Generation19 May 2026
- 2026Mat'ern Noise for Triangulation-Agnostic Flow Matching on Meshes19 May 2026
- 2025FUSE: A Flow-based Mapping Between Shapes17 Nov 2025
- 2025DiffuMatch: Category-Agnostic Spectral Diffusion Priors for Robust Non-rigid Shape Matching31 Jul 2025
- 2025FRIDU: Functional Map Refinement with Guided Image Diffusion17 Jun 2025
- 2025Denoising Functional Maps: Diffusion Models for Shape Correspondence3 Mar 2025
- 2025DoubleDiffusion: Combining Heat Diffusion with Denoising Diffusion for Texture Generation on 3D Meshes6 Jan 2025
- 2024SRIF: Semantic Shape Registration Empowered by Diffusion-based Image Morphing and Flow Estimation18 Sep 2024
- 2023Single Mesh Diffusion Models with Field Latents for Texture Generation14 Dec 2023
- 2023Swallowing the Bitter Pill: Simplified Scalable Conformer Generation27 Nov 2023
- 2023Manifold Diffusion Fields24 May 2023
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2023MeshGPT: Generating Triangle Meshes with Decoder-Only Transformerscited by 257
- 2024Operator Learning: Algorithms and Analysiscited by 85
- 2021Subdivision-Based Mesh Convolution Networkscited by 60
- 2021DPFM: Deep Partial Functional Mapscited by 58
- 2023Unsupervised Learning of Robust Spectral Shape Matchingcited by 57
- 2022Unsupervised Deep Multi-Shape Matchingcited by 39
- 2022Deep Orientation-Aware Functional Maps: Tackling Symmetry Issues in Shape Matchingcited by 36
- 2022Learning Multi-resolution Functional Maps with Spectral Attention for Robust Shape Matchingcited by 35
- 2024An Object is Worth 64x64 Pixels: Generating 3D Object via Image Diffusioncited by 34
- 20223D Highlighter: Localizing Regions on 3D Shapes via Text Descriptionscited by 32
- 2021Multiway Non-rigid Point Cloud Registration via Learned Functional Map Synchronizationcited by 30
- 2023Spatially and Spectrally Consistent Deep Functional Mapscited by 30
12 most cited of 146 All 146 (JSON)
- 2026NHO: A Neural Hamiltonian Operator for Anchor-based Region Localization and Dense Correspondence29 Sep 2026
- 2026Seeing Speech: Learning Visible Articulatory Dynamics for Speech-Driven 3D Facial Animation24 Sep 2026
- 2026Gauge-Equivariant Attention for Rotation-Stable 360^circ Scene Understanding23 Sep 2026
- 2026TopoRig: Topology-Agnostic Facial Rigging via Multi-Source Supervision14 Sep 2026
- 2026TokenMatch: 3D Mesh Correspondence Transformer with Curvature-Guided Tokenisation3 Sep 2026
- 2026Intrinsic and Triangulation-Agnostic Attention: A Simple and Powerful Approach for Learning on Meshes27 Jul 2026
- 2026MDND: Unsupervised Learning Guided by Non-Differentiable Refinement for Shape Correspondence17 Jul 2026
- 2026Factorized Neural Operators Decompose Dynamic and Persistent Responses15 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniFaceRig: Fully Automatic Inner-Mouth-Aware Face Rigging Across Diverse 3D Character Topologies6 Jun 2026
- 2026Recent Advances and Trends in Learning-based 3D Representations3 Jun 2026
- 2026Neural Navigation Functions for Zero-Shot Generalizable Motion Planning2 Jun 2026
- 2026Functional Attention: From Pairwise Affinities to Functional Correspondences29 May 2026
12 newest of 146 All 146 (JSON)