mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spotting

arXiv 2211.10772 ↗First posted 19 Nov 2022cs.CVcited by 74

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Abstract (arXiv)

End-to-end text spotting aims to integrate scene text detection and recognition into a unified framework. Dealing with the relationship between the two sub-tasks plays a pivotal role in designing effective spotters. Although Transformer-based methods eliminate the heuristic post-processing, they still suffer from the synergy issue between the sub-tasks and low training efficiency. In this paper, we present DeepSolo, a simple DETR-like baseline that lets a single Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for text detection and recognition simultaneously. Technically, for each text instance, we represent the character sequence as ordered points and model them with learnable explicit point queries. After passing a single decoder, the point queries have encoded requisite text semantics and locations, thus can be further decoded to the center line, boundary, script, and confidence of text via very simple prediction heads in parallel. Besides, we also introduce a text-matching criterion to deliver more accurate supervisory signals, thus enabling more efficient training. Quantitative experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate that DeepSolo outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods and achieves better training efficiency. In addition, DeepSolo is also compatible with line annotations, which require much less annotation cost than polygons. The code is available at https://github.com/ViTAE-Transformer/DeepSolo.

Key facts. Cited by 74 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 48 of its 69 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Nov 2022.

Builds on

48 of 69 references.

References · 48

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,809
  3. 2021Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windowscited by 12,082
  4. 2020End-to-End Object Detection with Transformerscited by 7,384
  5. 2017Mask R-CNNcited by 7,259
  6. 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,560
  7. 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,410
  8. 2021Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutionscited by 1,960
  9. 2022DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 1,306
  10. 2021Swin Transformer V2: Scaling Up Capacity and Resolutioncited by 1,215
  11. 2022DAB-DETR: Dynamic Anchor Boxes are Better Queries for DETRcited by 569
  12. 2021Pix2seq: A Language Modeling Framework for Object Detectioncited by 345
36 more
  1. 2021ViTAE: Vision Transformer Advanced by Exploring Intrinsic Inductive Biascited by 216
  2. 2019Mask TextSpotter: An End-to-End Trainable Neural Network for Spotting Text with Arbitrary Shapescited by 171
  3. 2020ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Networkcited by 170
  4. 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 170
  5. 2021Conformer: Local Features Coupling Global Representations for Visual Recognitioncited by 164
  6. 2022DETRs with Hybrid Matchingcited by 149
  7. 2016TextBoxes: A Fast Text Detector with a Single Deep Neural Networkcited by 119
  8. 2018TextBoxes++: A Single-Shot Oriented Scene Text Detectorcited by 119
  9. 2022ViTAEv2: Vision Transformer Advanced by Exploring Inductive Bias for Image Recognition and Beyondcited by 117
  10. 2018Scene Text Detection and Recognition: The Deep Learning Eracited by 114
  11. 2020Mask TextSpotter v3: Segmentation Proposal Network for Robust Scene Text Spottingcited by 114
  12. 2020Empowering Things with Intelligence: A Survey of the Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence of Thingscited by 110
  13. 2018FOTS: Fast Oriented Text Spotting with a Unified Networkcited by 109
  14. 2021Panoptic SegFormer: Delving Deeper into Panoptic Segmentation with Transformerscited by 109
  15. 2022Rethinking Efficient Lane Detection via Curve Modelingcited by 87
  16. 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
  17. 2022SwinTextSpotter: Scene Text Spotting via Better Synergy between Text Detection and Text Recognitioncited by 70
  18. 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
  19. 2019All You Need Is Boundary: Toward Arbitrary-Shaped Text Spottingcited by 66
  20. 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
  21. 2019Convolutional Character Networkscited by 61
  22. 2019Towards Unconstrained End-to-End Text Spottingcited by 57
  23. 2020Text Perceptron: Towards End-to-End Arbitrary-Shaped Text Spottingcited by 51
  24. 2020MANGO: A Mask Attention Guided One-Stage Scene Text Spottercited by 51
  25. 2018An end-to-end TextSpotter with Explicit Alignment and Attentioncited by 50
  26. 2022DPText-DETR: Towards Better Scene Text Detection with Dynamic Points in Transformercited by 50
  27. 2021PGNet: Real-time Arbitrarily-Shaped Text Spotting with Point Gathering Networkcited by 49
  28. 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
  29. 2022VSA: Learning Varied-Size Window Attention in Vision Transformerscited by 43
  30. 2020Character Region Attention For Text Spottingcited by 42
  31. 2022Towards Weakly-Supervised Text Spotting using a Multi-Task Transformercited by 41
  32. 2022GLASS: Global to Local Attention for Scene-Text Spottingcited by 34
  33. 2021Visual Relationship Detection Using Part-and-Sum Transformers with Composite Queriescited by 31
  34. 2020Text Recognition in the Wild: A Surveycited by 29
  35. 2021I3CL:Intra- and Inter-Instance Collaborative Learning for Arbitrary-shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 14
  36. 2021ARTS: Eliminating Inconsistency between Text Detection and Recognition with Auto-Rectification Text Spottercited by 7

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2023: 17; 2024: 26; 2025: 17; 2026: 14.

74 papers.

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  1. 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
  2. 2023UDiffText: A Unified Framework for High-quality Text Synthesis in Arbitrary Images via Character-aware Diffusion Modelscited by 58
  3. 2023Exploring OCR Capabilities of GPT-4V(ision) : A Quantitative and In-depth Evaluationcited by 46
  4. 2024Hi-SAM: Marrying Segment Anything Model for Hierarchical Text Segmentationcited by 30
  5. 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
  6. 2024DocVLM: Make Your VLM an Efficient Readercited by 27
  7. 2023ICDAR 2023 Competition on Hierarchical Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 23
  8. 2025OmniParser V2: Structured-Points-of-Thought for Unified Visual Text Parsing and Its Generality to Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 22
  9. 2023Parrot Captions Teach CLIP to Spot Textcited by 16
  10. 2023Scalable Mask Annotation for Video Text Spottingcited by 13
  11. 2024GoMatching: A Simple Baseline for Video Text Spotting via Long and Short Term Matchingcited by 12
  12. 2025TextFlux: An OCR-Free DiT Model for High-Fidelity Multilingual Scene Text Synthesiscited by 12
38 more
  1. 2024DNTextSpotter: Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Spotting via Improved Denoising Trainingcited by 11
  2. 2024Arbitrary Reading Order Scene Text Spotter with Local Semantics Guidancecited by 11
  3. 2024ODM: A Text-Image Further Alignment Pre-training Approach for Scene Text Detection and Spottingcited by 10
  4. 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Spottercited by 9
  5. 2023Bridging Synthetic and Real Worlds for Pre-training Scene Text Detectorscited by 9
  6. 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
  7. 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spottingcited by 9
  8. 2023DeepSolo++: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Multilingual Text Spottingcited by 7
  9. 2024InstructOCR: Instruction Boosting Scene Text Spottingcited by 7
  10. 2025Hyper-Local Deformable Transformers for Text Spotting on Historical Mapscited by 7
  11. 2025MangaVQA and MangaLMM: A Benchmark and Specialized Model for Multimodal Manga Understandingcited by 6
  12. 2023SRFormer: Text Detection Transformer with Incorporated Segmentation and Regressioncited by 5
  13. 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spottingcited by 5
  14. 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Modelcited by 5
  15. 2024SignEye: Traffic Sign Interpretation from Vehicle First-Person Viewcited by 5
  16. 2024Type-R: Automatically Retouching Typos for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 5
  17. 2025Text-Aware Image Restoration with Diffusion Modelscited by 5
  18. 2023GLT-T++: Global-Local Transformer for 3D Siamese Tracking with Ranking Losscited by 4
  19. 2025LogicOCR: Do Your Large Multimodal Models Excel at Logical Reasoning on Text-Rich Images?cited by 4
  20. 2025GoMatching++: Parameter- and Data-Efficient Arbitrary-Shaped Video Text Spotting and Benchmarkingcited by 4
  21. 2025LRANet++: Low-Rank Approximation Network for Accurate and Efficient Text Spottingcited by 4
  22. 2026MonkeyOCRv2: A Visual-Text Foundation Model for Document AIcited by 4
  23. 2024WeCromCL: Weakly Supervised Cross-Modality Contrastive Learning for Transcription-only Supervised Text Spottingcited by 3
  24. 2025Edge Approximation Text Detectorcited by 3
  25. 2023OmniForce: On Human-Centered, Large Model Empowered and Cloud-Edge Collaborative AutoML Systemcited by 2
  26. 2024Text Grouping Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Text Detector for Layout Analysiscited by 2
  27. 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Formscited by 2
  28. 2024FastTextSpotter: A High-Efficiency Transformer for Multilingual Scene Text Spottingcited by 2
  29. 2024Conditional Text-to-Image Generation with Reference Guidancecited by 2
  30. 2025SemiETS: Integrating Spatial and Content Consistencies for Semi-Supervised End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 2
  31. 2025DocSLM: A Small Vision-Language Model for Long Multimodal Document Understandingcited by 2
  32. 2025SFA: Scan, Focus, and Amplify toward Guidance-aware Answering for Video TextVQAcited by 2
  33. 2025TextMamba: Scene Text Detector with Mambacited by 2
  34. 2023Empowering Agrifood System with Artificial Intelligence: A Survey of the Progress, Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 1
  35. 2023Harnessing the Power of Multi-Lingual Datasets for Pre-training: Towards Enhancing Text Spotting Performancecited by 1
  36. 2023Progressive Evolution from Single-Point to Polygon for Scene Textcited by 1
  37. 2024Efficiently Leveraging Linguistic Priors for Scene Text Spottingcited by 1
  38. 2025MSTAR: Box-free Multi-query Scene Text Retrieval with Attention Recyclingcited by 1

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