UDiffText: A Unified Framework for High-quality Text Synthesis in Arbitrary Images via Character-aware Diffusion Models
On the map: Diffusion models → Image generation, text-to-image and editing
Abstract (arXiv)
Text-to-Image (T2I) generation methods based on diffusion model have garnered significant attention in the last few years. Although these image synthesis methods produce visually appealing results, they frequently exhibit spelling errors when rendering text within the generated images. Such errors manifest as missing, incorrect or extraneous characters, thereby severely constraining the performance of text image generation based on diffusion models. To address the aforementioned issue, this paper proposes a novel approach for text image generation, utilizing a pre-trained diffusion model (i.e., Stable Diffusion [27]). Our approach involves the design and training of a light-weight character-level text encoder, which replaces the original CLIP encoder and provides more robust text embeddings as conditional guidance. Then, we fine-tune the diffusion model using a large-scale dataset, incorporating local attention control under the supervision of character-level segmentation maps. Finally, by employing an inference stage refinement process, we achieve a notably high sequence accuracy when synthesizing text in arbitrarily given images. Both qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the superiority of our method to the state of the art. Furthermore, we showcase several potential applications of the proposed UDiffText, including text-centric image synthesis, scene text editing, etc. Code and model will be available at https://github.com/ZYM-PKU/UDiffText .
Key facts. Cited by 58 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Image generation, text-to-image and editing, one of 14 directions in Diffusion models. Builds on 37 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2023.
Builds on
37 of 47 references.
Closest ancestors · 15
Same direction, newest first
- 2023GlyphControl: Glyph Conditional Control for Visual Text Generation29 May
- 2023TextDiffuser: Diffusion Models as Text Painters18 May
- 2023DiffUTE: Universal Text Editing Diffusion Model18 May
- 2023FastComposer: Tuning-Free Multi-Subject Image Generation with Localized Attention17 May
- 2023Improving Diffusion Models for Scene Text Editing with Dual Encoders12 Apr
- 2023T2I-Adapter: Learning Adapters to Dig out More Controllable Ability for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models16 Feb
- 2023Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models10 Feb
- 2023Attend-and-Excite: Attention-Based Semantic Guidance for Text-to-Image Diffusion Models31 Jan
- 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesis9 Dec
- 2022Multi-Concept Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion8 Dec
- 2022InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions17 Nov
- 2022Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding23 May
3 more
Other references · 22
- 2020Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Modelscited by 20,851
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2018The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metriccited by 11,029
- 2020Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equationscited by 8,964
- 2022Classifier-Free Diffusion Guidancecited by 5,717
- 2022Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 5,603
- 2023SDXL: Improving Latent Diffusion Models for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,290
- 2022Elucidating the Design Space of Diffusion-Based Generative Modelscited by 2,994
- 2022Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Controlcited by 2,409
- 2022An Image is Worth One Word: Personalizing Text-to-Image Generation using Textual Inversioncited by 2,231
- 2021LAION-400M: Open Dataset of CLIP-Filtered 400 Million Image-Text Pairscited by 1,544
- 2021ByT5: Towards a token-free future with pre-trained byte-to-byte modelscited by 504
10 more
- 2016Synthetic Data for Text Localisation in Natural Imagescited by 396
- 2023Key-Locked Rank One Editing for Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 194
- 2022Scene Text Recognition with Permuted Autoregressive Sequence Modelscited by 148
- 2022Character-Aware Models Improve Visual Text Renderingcited by 90
- 2019Editing Text in the Wildcited by 81
- 2021Vision Transformer for Fast and Efficient Scene Text Recognitioncited by 81
- 2022DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spottingcited by 74
- 2019STEFANN: Scene Text Editor using Font Adaptive Neural Networkcited by 46
- 2020Rethinking Text Segmentation: A Novel Dataset and A Text-Specific Refinement Approachcited by 45
- 2022Exploring Stroke-Level Modifications for Scene Text Editingcited by 36
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 20; 2025: 19; 2026: 19.
58 papers.
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- 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
- 2024Glyph-ByT5: A Customized Text Encoder for Accurate Visual Text Renderingcited by 80
- 2024ACE: All-round Creator and Editor Following Instructions via Diffusion Transformercited by 56
- 2024AnyText2: Visual Text Generation and Editing With Customizable Attributescited by 48
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Controlcited by 44
- 2025FLUX-Text: A Simple and Advanced Diffusion Transformer Baseline for Scene Text Editingcited by 44
- 2024GlyphDraw2: Automatic Generation of Complex Glyph Posters with Diffusion Models and Large Language Modelscited by 28
- 2025EasyText: Controllable Diffusion Transformer for Multilingual Text Renderingcited by 25
- 2025Investigating Text Insulation and Attention Mechanisms for Complex Visual Text Generationcited by 22
- 2024Revisiting Tampered Scene Text Detection in the Era of Generative AIcited by 21
- 2024RAD: Region-Aware Diffusion Models for Image Inpaintingcited by 19
- 2025BizGen: Advancing Article-level Visual Text Rendering for Infographics Generationcited by 18
38 more
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
- 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesiscited by 17
- 2024CharGen: High Accurate Character-Level Visual Text Generation Model with MultiModal Encodercited by 14
- 2026TextPecker: Rewarding Structural Anomaly Quantification for Enhancing Visual Text Renderingcited by 14
- 2024Refining Text-to-Image Generation: Towards Accurate Training-Free Glyph-Enhanced Image Generationcited by 13
- 2024JoyType: A Robust Design for Multilingual Visual Text Creationcited by 12
- 2025TextFlux: An OCR-Free DiT Model for High-Fidelity Multilingual Scene Text Synthesiscited by 12
- 2024AMO Sampler: Enhancing Text Rendering with Overshootingcited by 11
- 2024Intelligent Artistic Typography: A Comprehensive Review of Artistic Text Design and Generationcited by 9
- 2025Rethinking Layered Graphic Design Generation with a Top-Down Approachcited by 9
- 2024TextSSR: Diffusion-based Data Synthesis for Scene Text Recognitioncited by 8
- 2025UniGlyph: Unified Segmentation-Conditioned Diffusion for Precise Visual Text Synthesiscited by 8
- 2026PosterVerse: A Full-Workflow Framework for Commercial-Grade Poster Generation with HTML-Based Scalable Typographycited by 8
- 2025STRICT: Stress Test of Rendering Images Containing Textcited by 7
- 2025UTDesign: A Unified Framework for Stylized Text Editing and Generation in Graphic Design Imagescited by 6
- 2026WeEdit: A Dataset, Benchmark and Glyph-Guided Framework for Text-centric Image Editingcited by 6
- 2024Type-R: Automatically Retouching Typos for Text-to-Image Generationcited by 5
- 2024VitaGlyph: Vitalizing Artistic Typography with Flexible Dual-branch Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2025TextInVision: Text and Prompt Complexity Driven Visual Text Generation Benchmarkcited by 4
- 2026UM-Text: A Unified Multimodal Model for Image Understanding and Visual Text Editingcited by 4
- 2026TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewardscited by 4
- 2024Improving Text Generation on Images with Synthetic Captionscited by 3
- 2024Empowering Backbone Models for Visual Text Generation with Input Granularity Control and Glyph-Aware Trainingcited by 3
- 2025Calligrapher: Freestyle Text Image Customizationcited by 3
- 2025DCText: Scheduled Attention Masking for Visual Text Generation via Divide-and-Conquer Strategycited by 3
- 2026StyleTextGen: Style-Conditioned Multilingual Scene Text Generationcited by 3
- 2025GuidPaint: Class-Guided Image Inpainting with Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2025OmniText: A Training-Free Generalist for Controllable Text-Image Manipulationcited by 2
- 2025TextGuider: Training-Free Guidance for Text Rendering via Attention Alignmentcited by 2
- 2026InnoText: A Unified Model for Visual Text Generation and Editingcited by 2
- 2026GlyphAnchor: Enhancing Visual Text Rendering via Position-Anchored Glyph Priorscited by 2
- 2024LTOS: Layout-controllable Text-Object Synthesis via Adaptive Cross-attention Fusionscited by 1
- 2025HDGlyph: A Hierarchical Disentangled Glyph-Based Framework for Long-Tail Text Rendering in Diffusion Modelscited by 1
- 2025HarmonPaint: Harmonized Training-Free Diffusion Inpaintingcited by 1
- 2026POCA: Pareto-Optimal Curriculum Alignment for Visual Text Generationcited by 1
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editingcited by 1
- 2026T2LSC-Bench: Benchmarking Localized Semantic Control in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 1
- 2025TextDiffuser-RL: Efficient and Robust Text Layout Optimization for High-Fidelity Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 0
50 most cited of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2026ViTeX-Bench: Benchmarking High-Fidelity Video Scene Text Editing30 Sep 2026
- 2026Forensic Twins: Self-Supervised Residual Learning for AI-Generated Image Forensics25 Sep 2026
- 2026Planning and Rendering in Concert: DeepFusion of Autoregressive Layouts and Diffusion for Visual Text Generation19 Sep 2026
- 2026GlyphAnchor: Enhancing Visual Text Rendering via Position-Anchored Glyph Priors2 Sep 2026
- 2026T2LSC-Bench: Benchmarking Localized Semantic Control in Text-to-Image Generation2 Sep 2026
- 2026FakeIDet3-DB: Refining Digital Attacks and Patch Extraction for Secure ID Benchmarking29 Jul 2026
- 2026InnoText: A Unified Model for Visual Text Generation and Editing24 Jul 2026
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editing4 Jun 2026
- 2026TextAlign: Preference Alignment for Text Rendering with Hierarchical Rewards19 May 2026
- 2026StyleText: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Stylized Scene Text Inpainting17 May 2026
- 2026StyleTextGen: Style-Conditioned Multilingual Scene Text Generation14 May 2026
- 2026POCA: Pareto-Optimal Curriculum Alignment for Visual Text Generation27 Apr 2026
38 more
- 2026ReContraster: Making Your Posters Stand Out with Regional Contrast12 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Training-Free Scene Text Editing25 Mar 2026
- 2026WeEdit: A Dataset, Benchmark and Glyph-Guided Framework for Text-centric Image Editing12 Mar 2026
- 2026FontUse: A Data-Centric Approach to Style- and Use-Case-Conditioned In-Image Typography6 Mar 2026
- 2026TextPecker: Rewarding Structural Anomaly Quantification for Enhancing Visual Text Rendering24 Feb 2026
- 2026UM-Text: A Unified Multimodal Model for Image Understanding and Visual Text Editing13 Jan 2026
- 2026PosterVerse: A Full-Workflow Framework for Commercial-Grade Poster Generation with HTML-Based Scalable Typography7 Jan 2026
- 2025UTDesign: A Unified Framework for Stylized Text Editing and Generation in Graphic Design Images23 Dec 2025
- 2025TextGuider: Training-Free Guidance for Text Rendering via Attention Alignment10 Dec 2025
- 2025DCText: Scheduled Attention Masking for Visual Text Generation via Divide-and-Conquer Strategy1 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniText: A Training-Free Generalist for Controllable Text-Image Manipulation28 Oct 2025
- 2025GuidPaint: Class-Guided Image Inpainting with Diffusion Models29 Jul 2025
- 2025HarmonPaint: Harmonized Training-Free Diffusion Inpainting22 Jul 2025
- 2025Rethinking Layered Graphic Design Generation with a Top-Down Approach8 Jul 2025
- 2025UniGlyph: Unified Segmentation-Conditioned Diffusion for Precise Visual Text Synthesis1 Jul 2025
- 2025Calligrapher: Freestyle Text Image Customization30 Jun 2025
- 2025EasyText: Controllable Diffusion Transformer for Multilingual Text Rendering30 May 2025
- 2025TextDiffuser-RL: Efficient and Robust Text Layout Optimization for High-Fidelity Text-to-Image Synthesis25 May 2025
- 2025STRICT: Stress Test of Rendering Images Containing Text25 May 2025
- 2025TextFlux: An OCR-Free DiT Model for High-Fidelity Multilingual Scene Text Synthesis23 May 2025
- 2025HDGlyph: A Hierarchical Disentangled Glyph-Based Framework for Long-Tail Text Rendering in Diffusion Models10 May 2025
- 2025FLUX-Text: A Simple and Advanced Diffusion Transformer Baseline for Scene Text Editing6 May 2025
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluation30 Apr 2025
- 2025Investigating Text Insulation and Attention Mechanisms for Complex Visual Text Generation30 Mar 2025
- 2025BizGen: Advancing Article-level Visual Text Rendering for Infographics Generation26 Mar 2025
- 2025TextInVision: Text and Prompt Complexity Driven Visual Text Generation Benchmark17 Mar 2025
- 2024CharGen: High Accurate Character-Level Visual Text Generation Model with MultiModal Encoder23 Dec 2024
- 2024RAD: Region-Aware Diffusion Models for Image Inpainting12 Dec 2024
- 2024TextSSR: Diffusion-based Data Synthesis for Scene Text Recognition2 Dec 2024
- 2024AMO Sampler: Enhancing Text Rendering with Overshooting28 Nov 2024
- 2024Type-R: Automatically Retouching Typos for Text-to-Image Generation27 Nov 2024
- 2024AnyText2: Visual Text Generation and Editing With Customizable Attributes22 Nov 2024
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Control14 Oct 2024
- 2024Empowering Backbone Models for Visual Text Generation with Input Granularity Control and Glyph-Aware Training6 Oct 2024
- 2024VitaGlyph: Vitalizing Artistic Typography with Flexible Dual-branch Diffusion Models2 Oct 2024
- 2024ACE: All-round Creator and Editor Following Instructions via Diffusion Transformer30 Sep 2024
- 2024JoyType: A Robust Design for Multilingual Visual Text Creation26 Sep 2024
- 2024Revisiting Tampered Scene Text Detection in the Era of Generative AI31 Jul 2024
50 newest of 58 All 58 (JSON)
- 2024Controllable Generation with Text-to-Image Diffusion Models: A Surveycited by 82
- 2024ACE: All-round Creator and Editor Following Instructions via Diffusion Transformercited by 56
- 2025FLUX-Text: A Simple and Advanced Diffusion Transformer Baseline for Scene Text Editingcited by 44
- 2024GlyphDraw2: Automatic Generation of Complex Glyph Posters with Diffusion Models and Large Language Modelscited by 28
- 2025EasyText: Controllable Diffusion Transformer for Multilingual Text Renderingcited by 25
- 2024RAD: Region-Aware Diffusion Models for Image Inpaintingcited by 19
- 2024Refining Text-to-Image Generation: Towards Accurate Training-Free Glyph-Enhanced Image Generationcited by 13
- 2024JoyType: A Robust Design for Multilingual Visual Text Creationcited by 12
- 2024AMO Sampler: Enhancing Text Rendering with Overshootingcited by 11
- 2025STRICT: Stress Test of Rendering Images Containing Textcited by 7
- 2024VitaGlyph: Vitalizing Artistic Typography with Flexible Dual-branch Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2025TextInVision: Text and Prompt Complexity Driven Visual Text Generation Benchmarkcited by 4
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026InnoText: A Unified Model for Visual Text Generation and Editing24 Jul 2026
- 2025TextGuider: Training-Free Guidance for Text Rendering via Attention Alignment10 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniText: A Training-Free Generalist for Controllable Text-Image Manipulation28 Oct 2025
- 2025GuidPaint: Class-Guided Image Inpainting with Diffusion Models29 Jul 2025
- 2025HarmonPaint: Harmonized Training-Free Diffusion Inpainting22 Jul 2025
- 2025EasyText: Controllable Diffusion Transformer for Multilingual Text Rendering30 May 2025
- 2025TextDiffuser-RL: Efficient and Robust Text Layout Optimization for High-Fidelity Text-to-Image Synthesis25 May 2025
- 2025STRICT: Stress Test of Rendering Images Containing Text25 May 2025
- 2025HDGlyph: A Hierarchical Disentangled Glyph-Based Framework for Long-Tail Text Rendering in Diffusion Models10 May 2025
- 2025FLUX-Text: A Simple and Advanced Diffusion Transformer Baseline for Scene Text Editing6 May 2025
- 2025TextInVision: Text and Prompt Complexity Driven Visual Text Generation Benchmark17 Mar 2025
- 2024RAD: Region-Aware Diffusion Models for Image Inpainting12 Dec 2024
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2024Glyph-ByT5: A Customized Text Encoder for Accurate Visual Text Renderingcited by 80
- 2024AnyText2: Visual Text Generation and Editing With Customizable Attributescited by 48
- 2024TextCtrl: Diffusion-based Scene Text Editing with Prior Guidance Controlcited by 44
- 2025Investigating Text Insulation and Attention Mechanisms for Complex Visual Text Generationcited by 22
- 2024Revisiting Tampered Scene Text Detection in the Era of Generative AIcited by 21
- 2025BizGen: Advancing Article-level Visual Text Rendering for Infographics Generationcited by 18
- 2025Visual Text Processing: A Comprehensive Review and Unified Evaluationcited by 18
- 2024DreamText: High Fidelity Scene Text Synthesiscited by 17
- 2024CharGen: High Accurate Character-Level Visual Text Generation Model with MultiModal Encodercited by 14
- 2026TextPecker: Rewarding Structural Anomaly Quantification for Enhancing Visual Text Renderingcited by 14
- 2025TextFlux: An OCR-Free DiT Model for High-Fidelity Multilingual Scene Text Synthesiscited by 12
- 2024Intelligent Artistic Typography: A Comprehensive Review of Artistic Text Design and Generationcited by 9
12 most cited of 36 All 36 (JSON)
- 2026ViTeX-Bench: Benchmarking High-Fidelity Video Scene Text Editing30 Sep 2026
- 2026Forensic Twins: Self-Supervised Residual Learning for AI-Generated Image Forensics25 Sep 2026
- 2026Planning and Rendering in Concert: DeepFusion of Autoregressive Layouts and Diffusion for Visual Text Generation19 Sep 2026
- 2026GlyphAnchor: Enhancing Visual Text Rendering via Position-Anchored Glyph Priors2 Sep 2026
- 2026T2LSC-Bench: Benchmarking Localized Semantic Control in Text-to-Image Generation2 Sep 2026
- 2026FakeIDet3-DB: Refining Digital Attacks and Patch Extraction for Secure ID Benchmarking29 Jul 2026
- 2026TextWand: A Unified Framework for Scene Text Editing4 Jun 2026
- 2026StyleText: A Large-Scale Dataset and Benchmark for Stylized Scene Text Inpainting17 May 2026
- 2026StyleTextGen: Style-Conditioned Multilingual Scene Text Generation14 May 2026
- 2026POCA: Pareto-Optimal Curriculum Alignment for Visual Text Generation27 Apr 2026
- 2026ReContraster: Making Your Posters Stand Out with Regional Contrast12 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Training-Free Scene Text Editing25 Mar 2026
12 newest of 36 All 36 (JSON)
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