Towards Unconstrained End-to-End Text Spotting
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose an end-to-end trainable network that can simultaneously detect and recognize text of arbitrary shape, making substantial progress on the open problem of reading scene text of irregular shape. We formulate arbitrary shape text detection as an instance segmentation problem; an attention model is then used to decode the textual content of each irregularly shaped text region without rectification. To extract useful irregularly shaped text instance features from image scale features, we propose a simple yet effective RoI masking step. Additionally, we show that predictions from an existing multi-step OCR engine can be leveraged as partially labeled training data, which leads to significant improvements in both the detection and recognition accuracy of our model. Our method surpasses the state-of-the-art for end-to-end recognition tasks on the ICDAR15 (straight) benchmark by 4.6%, and on the Total-Text (curved) benchmark by more than 16%.
Key facts. Cited by 57 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Aug 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 14; 2022: 16; 2023: 12; 2024: 12; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
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- 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 171
- 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 97
- 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
- 2022DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spottingcited by 74
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
- 2022SwinTextSpotter: Scene Text Spotting via Better Synergy between Text Detection and Text Recognitioncited by 70
- 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
- 2022ScreenQA: Large-Scale Question-Answer Pairs over Mobile App Screenshotscited by 66
- 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
- 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
- 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
- 2022Towards Weakly-Supervised Text Spotting using a Multi-Task Transformercited by 41
38 more
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spottingcited by 40
- 2022GLASS: Global to Local Attention for Scene-Text Spottingcited by 34
- 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformercited by 29
- 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representationcited by 26
- 2021Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detectioncited by 23
- 2023ICDAR 2023 Competition on Hierarchical Text Detection and Recognitioncited by 23
- 2025OmniParser V2: Structured-Points-of-Thought for Unified Visual Text Parsing and Its Generality to Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 23
- 2021A Full-Stack Search Technique for Domain Optimized Deep Learning Acceleratorscited by 19
- 2021A Multiplexed Network for End-to-End, Multilingual OCRcited by 18
- 2021It's About Time: Analog Clock Reading in the Wildcited by 14
- 2024Layout Agnostic Scene Text Image Synthesis with Diffusion Modelscited by 14
- 2021CentripetalText: An Efficient Text Instance Representation for Scene Text Detectioncited by 13
- 2025When Semantics Mislead Vision: Mitigating Large Multimodal Models Hallucinations in Scene Text Spotting and Understandingcited by 12
- 2022Out-of-Vocabulary Challenge Reportcited by 11
- 2023MPDIoU: A Loss for Efficient and Accurate Bounding Box Regressioncited by 10
- 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Spottercited by 9
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Samplingcited by 9
- 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spottingcited by 9
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysiscited by 8
- 2021ARTS: Eliminating Inconsistency between Text Detection and Recognition with Auto-Rectification Text Spottercited by 7
- 2022DEER: Detection-agnostic End-to-End Recognizer for Scene Text Spottingcited by 7
- 2021Implicit Feature Alignment: Learn to Convert Text Recognizer to Text Spottercited by 5
- 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spottingcited by 5
- 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Modelcited by 5
- 2022OCR-RTPS: An OCR-based real-time positioning system for the valet parkingcited by 4
- 2022Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognitioncited by 3
- 2024Partial Scene Text Retrievalcited by 3
- 2022Text Detection & Recognition in the Wild for Robot Localizationcited by 2
- 2022Dynamic Low-Resolution Distillation for Cost-Efficient End-to-End Text Spottingcited by 2
- 2023TextFormer: A Query-based End-to-End Text Spotter with Mixed Supervisioncited by 2
- 2023Diving into the Depths of Spotting Text in Multi-Domain Noisy Scenescited by 2
- 2024Text Grouping Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Text Detector for Layout Analysiscited by 2
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Formscited by 2
- 2024FastTextSpotter: A High-Efficiency Transformer for Multilingual Scene Text Spottingcited by 2
- 2021DUET: Detection Utilizing Enhancement for Text in Scanned or Captured Documentscited by 1
- 2022E^2VTS: Energy-Efficient Video Text Spotting from Unmanned Aerial Vehiclescited by 1
- 2022Single Shot Self-Reliant Scene Text Spotter by Decoupled yet Collaborative Detection and Recognitioncited by 1
- 2023Harnessing the Power of Multi-Lingual Datasets for Pre-training: Towards Enhancing Text Spotting Performancecited by 1
50 most cited of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2026Do You Need Text Rectification? Soft Attention Mask Embedding for Rectification-Free Scene Text Spotting18 May 2026
- 2025When Semantics Mislead Vision: Mitigating Large Multimodal Models Hallucinations in Scene Text Spotting and Understanding5 Jun 2025
- 2025OmniParser V2: Structured-Points-of-Thought for Unified Visual Text Parsing and Its Generality to Multimodal Large Language Models22 Feb 2025
- 2024Hear the Scene: Audio-Enhanced Text Spotting27 Dec 2024
- 2024Partial Scene Text Retrieval15 Nov 2024
- 2024FastTextSpotter: A High-Efficiency Transformer for Multilingual Scene Text Spotting27 Aug 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024Layout Agnostic Scene Text Image Synthesis with Diffusion Models3 Jun 2024
- 2024Text Grouping Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Text Detector for Layout Analysis13 May 2024
- 2024VimTS: A Unified Video and Image Text Spotter for Enhancing the Cross-domain Generalization30 Apr 2024
- 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spotting6 Apr 2024
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognition28 Mar 2024
38 more
- 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Model15 Mar 2024
- 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spotting15 Jan 2024
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Sampling8 Jan 2024
- 2023Hierarchical Text Spotter for Joint Text Spotting and Layout Analysis25 Oct 2023
- 2023Harnessing the Power of Multi-Lingual Datasets for Pre-training: Towards Enhancing Text Spotting Performance2 Oct 2023
- 2023Diving into the Depths of Spotting Text in Multi-Domain Noisy Scenes1 Oct 2023
- 2023Deformation Robust Text Spotting with Geometric Prior31 Aug 2023
- 2023bbOCR: An Open-source Multi-domain OCR Pipeline for Bengali Documents21 Aug 2023
- 2023Turning a CLIP Model into a Scene Text Spotter21 Aug 2023
- 2023ESTextSpotter: Towards Better Scene Text Spotting with Explicit Synergy in Transformer20 Aug 2023
- 2023MPDIoU: A Loss for Efficient and Accurate Bounding Box Regression14 Jul 2023
- 2023TextFormer: A Query-based End-to-End Text Spotter with Mixed Supervision6 Jun 2023
- 2023ICDAR 2023 Competition on Hierarchical Text Detection and Recognition16 May 2023
- 2023Read Pointer Meters in complex environments based on a Human-like Alignment and Recognition Algorithm28 Feb 2023
- 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spotting4 Jan 2023
- 2022OCR-RTPS: An OCR-based real-time positioning system for the valet parking8 Dec 2022
- 2022DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spotting19 Nov 2022
- 2022ABINet++: Autonomous, Bidirectional and Iterative Language Modeling for Scene Text Spotting19 Nov 2022
- 2022Task Grouping for Multilingual Text Recognition13 Oct 2022
- 2022ScreenQA: Large-Scale Question-Answer Pairs over Mobile App Screenshots16 Sep 2022
- 2022Out-of-Vocabulary Challenge Report14 Sep 2022
- 2022GLASS: Global to Local Attention for Scene-Text Spotting5 Aug 2022
- 2022Single Shot Self-Reliant Scene Text Spotter by Decoupled yet Collaborative Detection and Recognition15 Jul 2022
- 2022Dynamic Low-Resolution Distillation for Cost-Efficient End-to-End Text Spotting14 Jul 2022
- 2022E^2VTS: Energy-Efficient Video Text Spotting from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles5 Jun 2022
- 2022Text Detection & Recognition in the Wild for Robot Localization17 May 2022
- 2022Text Spotting Transformers5 Apr 2022
- 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysis28 Mar 2022
- 2022SwinTextSpotter: Scene Text Spotting via Better Synergy between Text Detection and Text Recognition19 Mar 2022
- 2022DEER: Detection-agnostic End-to-End Recognizer for Scene Text Spotting10 Mar 2022
- 2022Towards Weakly-Supervised Text Spotting using a Multi-Task Transformer11 Feb 2022
- 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spotting15 Dec 2021
- 2021It's About Time: Analog Clock Reading in the Wild17 Nov 2021
- 2021TPSNet: Reverse Thinking of Thin Plate Splines for Arbitrary Shape Scene Text Representation25 Oct 2021
- 2021ARTS: Eliminating Inconsistency between Text Detection and Recognition with Auto-Rectification Text Spotter20 Oct 2021
- 2021Mask is All You Need: Rethinking Mask R-CNN for Dense and Arbitrary-Shaped Scene Text Detection8 Sep 2021
- 2021CentripetalText: An Efficient Text Instance Representation for Scene Text Detection13 Jul 2021
- 2021Implicit Feature Alignment: Learn to Convert Text Recognizer to Text Spotter10 Jun 2021
50 newest of 57 All 57 (JSON)
- 2021TextOCR: Towards large-scale end-to-end reasoning for arbitrary-shaped scene textcited by 171
- 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 97
- 2021ABCNet v2: Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network for Real-time End-to-end Text Spottingcited by 84
- 2022DeepSolo: Let Transformer Decoder with Explicit Points Solo for Text Spottingcited by 74
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognitioncited by 74
- 2022SwinTextSpotter: Scene Text Spotting via Better Synergy between Text Detection and Text Recognitioncited by 70
- 2022Text Spotting Transformerscited by 70
- 2022ScreenQA: Large-Scale Question-Answer Pairs over Mobile App Screenshotscited by 66
- 2023SPTS v2: Single-Point Scene Text Spottingcited by 66
- 2021PAN++: Towards Efficient and Accurate End-to-End Spotting of Arbitrarily-Shaped Textcited by 65
- 2021SPTS: Single-Point Text Spottingcited by 45
- 2022Towards Weakly-Supervised Text Spotting using a Multi-Task Transformercited by 41
12 most cited of 54 All 54 (JSON)
- 2026Do You Need Text Rectification? Soft Attention Mask Embedding for Rectification-Free Scene Text Spotting18 May 2026
- 2024Hear the Scene: Audio-Enhanced Text Spotting27 Dec 2024
- 2024Partial Scene Text Retrieval15 Nov 2024
- 2024FastTextSpotter: A High-Efficiency Transformer for Multilingual Scene Text Spotting27 Aug 2024
- 2024Platypus: A Generalized Specialist Model for Reading Text in Various Forms27 Aug 2024
- 2024Text Grouping Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Text Detector for Layout Analysis13 May 2024
- 2024VimTS: A Unified Video and Image Text Spotter for Enhancing the Cross-domain Generalization30 Apr 2024
- 2024Bridging the Gap Between End-to-End and Two-Step Text Spotting6 Apr 2024
- 2024OmniParser: A Unified Framework for Text Spotting, Key Information Extraction and Table Recognition28 Mar 2024
- 2024TextBlockV2: Towards Precise-Detection-Free Scene Text Spotting with Pre-trained Language Model15 Mar 2024
- 2024SwinTextSpotter v2: Towards Better Synergy for Scene Text Spotting15 Jan 2024
- 2024Inverse-like Antagonistic Scene Text Spotting via Reading-Order Estimation and Dynamic Sampling8 Jan 2024
12 newest of 54 All 54 (JSON)