mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LaMAR: Benchmarking Localization and Mapping for Augmented Reality

arXiv 2210.10770 ↗First posted 19 Oct 2022cs.CVcited by 98

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Abstract (arXiv)

Localization and mapping is the foundational technology for augmented reality (AR) that enables sharing and persistence of digital content in the real world. While significant progress has been made, researchers are still mostly driven by unrealistic benchmarks not representative of real-world AR scenarios. These benchmarks are often based on small-scale datasets with low scene diversity, captured from stationary cameras, and lack other sensor inputs like inertial, radio, or depth data. Furthermore, their ground-truth (GT) accuracy is mostly insufficient to satisfy AR requirements. To close this gap, we introduce LaMAR, a new benchmark with a comprehensive capture and GT pipeline that co-registers realistic trajectories and sensor streams captured by heterogeneous AR devices in large, unconstrained scenes. To establish an accurate GT, our pipeline robustly aligns the trajectories against laser scans in a fully automated manner. As a result, we publish a benchmark dataset of diverse and large-scale scenes recorded with head-mounted and hand-held AR devices. We extend several state-of-the-art methods to take advantage of the AR-specific setup and evaluate them on our benchmark. The results offer new insights on current research and reveal promising avenues for future work in the field of localization and mapping for AR.

Key facts. Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 42 of its 90 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Oct 2022.

Builds on

42 of 90 references.

References · 42

  1. 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
  2. 2019SuperGlue: Learning Feature Matching with Graph Neural Networkscited by 1,437
  3. 2017SuperPoint: Self-Supervised Interest Point Detection and Descriptioncited by 1,313
  4. 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 974
  5. 2015NetVLAD: CNN architecture for weakly supervised place recognitioncited by 935
  6. 2018Open3D: A Modern Library for 3D Data Processingcited by 717
  7. 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 556
  8. 2017Fine-tuning CNN Image Retrieval with No Human Annotationcited by 497
  9. 2016LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transformcited by 305
  10. 2017HPatches: A benchmark and evaluation of handcrafted and learned local descriptorscited by 261
  11. 2018BOP: Benchmark for 6D Object Pose Estimationcited by 254
  12. 2017Geometric Loss Functions for Camera Pose Regression with Deep Learningcited by 224
30 more
  1. 2020Image Matching across Wide Baselines: From Paper to Practicecited by 224
  2. 2017Working hard to know your neighbor's margins: Local descriptor learning losscited by 212
  3. 2019R2D2: Repeatable and Reliable Detector and Descriptorcited by 206
  4. 2020PatchmatchNet: Learned Multi-View Patchmatch Stereocited by 204
  5. 2021Back to the Feature: Learning Robust Camera Localization from Pixels to Posecited by 199
  6. 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 199
  7. 2019Learning with Average Precision: Training Image Retrieval with a Listwise Losscited by 184
  8. 2020Visual Camera Re-Localization from RGB and RGB-D Images Using DSACcited by 176
  9. 2019SOSNet: Second Order Similarity Regularization for Local Descriptor Learningcited by 131
  10. 2019Graduated Non-Convexity for Robust Spatial Perception: From Non-Minimal Solvers to Global Outlier Rejectioncited by 92
  11. 2019Expert Sample Consensus Applied to Camera Re-Localizationcited by 70
  12. 2020Robust Image Retrieval-based Visual Localization using Kapturecited by 66
  13. 2021On the Limits of Pseudo Ground Truth in Visual Camera Re-localisationcited by 63
  14. 2017Semantic Visual Localizationcited by 54
  15. 20204Seasons: A Cross-Season Dataset for Multi-Weather SLAM in Autonomous Drivingcited by 51
  16. 2019Privacy Preserving Image-Based Localizationcited by 47
  17. 2020Benchmarking Image Retrieval for Visual Localizationcited by 42
  18. 2020HoloLens 2 Research Mode as a Tool for Computer Vision Researchcited by 34
  19. 2020Beyond Controlled Environments: 3D Camera Re-Localization in Changing Indoor Scenescited by 31
  20. 2021Large-scale Localization Datasets in Crowded Indoor Spacescited by 28
  21. 2018ADVIO: An authentic dataset for visual-inertial odometrycited by 22
  22. 2021Reassessing the Limitations of CNN Methods for Camera Pose Regressioncited by 19
  23. 2021Continual Learning for Image-Based Camera Localizationcited by 18
  24. 2020Predicting Visual Overlap of Images Through Interpretable Non-Metric Box Embeddingscited by 16
  25. 2016Random Forests versus Neural Networks - What's Best for Camera Localization?cited by 15
  26. 2020Privacy Preserving Visual SLAMcited by 15
  27. 2020Cross-Descriptor Visual Localization and Mappingcited by 15
  28. 2017Backtracking Regression Forests for Accurate Camera Relocalizationcited by 10
  29. 2016Modern WLAN Fingerprinting Indoor Positioning Methods and Deployment Challengescited by 8
  30. 2018Scene Coordinate Regression with Angle-Based Reprojection Loss for Camera Relocalizationcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 17; 2024: 26; 2025: 27; 2026: 26.

98 papers.

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  1. 2023LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speedcited by 583
  2. 2023SplaTAM: Splat, Track & Map 3D Gaussians for Dense RGB-D SLAMcited by 386
  3. 2024Global Structure-from-Motion Revisitedcited by 215
  4. 2023An Outlook into the Future of Egocentric Visioncited by 84
  5. 2025MegaLoc: One Retrieval to Place Them Allcited by 58
  6. 2024GeoCalib: Learning Single-image Calibration with Geometric Optimizationcited by 50
  7. 2023SNAP: Self-Supervised Neural Maps for Visual Positioning and Semantic Understandingcited by 38
  8. 2023Probabilistic Human Mesh Recovery in 3D Scenes from Egocentric Viewscited by 33
  9. 2024GS-CPR: Efficient Camera Pose Refinement via 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 31
  10. 2024Robust Incremental Structure-from-Motion with Hybrid Featurescited by 31
  11. 2023360Loc: A Dataset and Benchmark for Omnidirectional Visual Localization with Cross-device Queriescited by 28
  12. 2024EgoGen: An Egocentric Synthetic Data Generatorcited by 27
38 more
  1. 2024The Oxford Spires Dataset: Benchmarking Large-Scale LiDAR-Visual Localisation, Reconstruction and Radiance Field Methodscited by 27
  2. 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
  3. 2024RoboHop: Segment-based Topological Map Representation for Open-World Visual Navigationcited by 25
  4. 2025MP-SfM: Monocular Surface Priors for Robust Structure-from-Motioncited by 25
  5. 2026VGGT-SLAM 2.0: Real-time Dense Feed-forward Scene Reconstructioncited by 22
  6. 2024UAVD4L: A Large-Scale Dataset for UAV 6-DoF Localizationcited by 21
  7. 2025Thinking with Camera: A Unified Multimodal Model for Camera-Centric Understanding and Generationcited by 19
  8. 2024Learning-based Multi-View Stereo: A Surveycited by 18
  9. 2024F3Loc: Fusion and Filtering for Floorplan Localizationcited by 17
  10. 2025AnyCalib: On-Manifold Learning for Model-Agnostic Single-View Camera Calibrationcited by 17
  11. 2025R-SCoRe: Revisiting Scene Coordinate Regression for Robust Large-Scale Visual Localizationcited by 16
  12. 2025EgoSim: An Egocentric Multi-view Simulator and Real Dataset for Body-worn Cameras during Motion and Activitycited by 15
  13. 2022DeepMapping2: Self-Supervised Large-Scale LiDAR Map Optimizationcited by 14
  14. 2024Multiway Point Cloud Mosaicking with Diffusion and Global Optimizationcited by 14
  15. 2023Long-term Visual Localization with Mobile Sensorscited by 13
  16. 2025Benchmarking Egocentric Visual-Inertial SLAM at City Scalecited by 12
  17. 2023Vanishing Point Estimation in Uncalibrated Images with Prior Gravity Directioncited by 9
  18. 2024Differentiable Product Quantization for Memory Efficient Camera Relocalizationcited by 9
  19. 2025EgoM2P: Egocentric Multimodal Multitask Pretrainingcited by 9
  20. 2023DistilVPR: Cross-Modal Knowledge Distillation for Visual Place Recognitioncited by 8
  21. 2025Scene-agnostic Pose Regression for Visual Localizationcited by 8
  22. 2025SG-Reg: Generalizable and Efficient Scene Graph Registrationcited by 8
  23. 2025Seeing in the Dark: Benchmarking Egocentric 3D Vision with the Oxford Day-and-Night Datasetcited by 8
  24. 2025FastMap: Revisiting Structure from Motion through First-Order Optimizationcited by 7
  25. 2025UnLoc: Leveraging Depth Uncertainties for Floorplan Localizationcited by 7
  26. 2026360Anything: Geometry-Free Lifting of Images and Videos to 360degcited by 7
  27. 2023Handbook on Leveraging Lines for Two-View Relative Pose Estimationcited by 6
  28. 2024Obfuscation Based Privacy Preserving Representations are Recoverable Using Neighborhood Informationcited by 6
  29. 2025SupeRANSAC: One RANSAC to Rule Them Allcited by 6
  30. 2025The Monado SLAM Dataset for Egocentric Visual-Inertial Trackingcited by 6
  31. 2026Global Structure-from-Motion Meets Feedforward Reconstructioncited by 6
  32. 20224Seasons: Benchmarking Visual SLAM and Long-Term Localization for Autonomous Driving in Challenging Conditionscited by 5
  33. 2023Image Matching by Bare Homographycited by 5
  34. 2025MambaGlue: Fast and Robust Local Feature Matching With Mambacited by 5
  35. 2024MaRINeR: Enhancing Novel Views by Matching Rendered Images with Nearby Referencescited by 4
  36. 20243D Equivariant Pose Regression via Direct Wigner-D Harmonics Predictioncited by 4
  37. 2025VSLAM-LAB: A Comprehensive Framework for Visual SLAM Methods and Datasetscited by 4
  38. 2025Perspective from a Higher Dimension: Can 3D Geometric Priors Help Visual Floorplan Localization?cited by 4

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