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SOSNet: Second Order Similarity Regularization for Local Descriptor Learning

arXiv 1904.05019 ↗First posted 10 Apr 2019cs.CVcited by 131

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Abstract (arXiv)

Despite the fact that Second Order Similarity (SOS) has been used with significant success in tasks such as graph matching and clustering, it has not been exploited for learning local descriptors. In this work, we explore the potential of SOS in the field of descriptor learning by building upon the intuition that a positive pair of matching points should exhibit similar distances with respect to other points in the embedding space. Thus, we propose a novel regularization term, named Second Order Similarity Regularization (SOSR), that follows this principle. By incorporating SOSR into training, our learned descriptor achieves state-of-the-art performance on several challenging benchmarks containing distinct tasks ranging from local patch retrieval to structure from motion. Furthermore, by designing a von Mises-Fischer distribution based evaluation method, we link the utilization of the descriptor space to the matching performance, thus demonstrating the effectiveness of our proposed SOSR. Extensive experimental results, empirical evidence, and in-depth analysis are provided, indicating that SOSR can significantly boost the matching performance of the learned descriptor.

Key facts. Cited by 131 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 10 Apr 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 25; 2022: 26; 2023: 34; 2024: 17; 2025: 17; 2026: 12.

131 papers.

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  1. 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 960
  2. 2023LightGlue: Local Feature Matching at Light Speedcited by 583
  3. 2021COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Imagescited by 182
  4. 2023ALIKED: A Lighter Keypoint and Descriptor Extraction Network via Deformable Transformationcited by 120
  5. 2024Efficient LoFTR: Semi-Dense Local Feature Matching with Sparse-Like Speedcited by 119
  6. 2022LaMAR: Benchmarking Localization and Mapping for Augmented Realitycited by 98
  7. 2021ALIKE: Accurate and Lightweight Keypoint Detection and Descriptor Extractioncited by 77
  8. 2023CROSSFIRE: Camera Relocalization On Self-Supervised Features from an Implicit Representationcited by 45
  9. 2021P2-Net: Joint Description and Detection of Local Features for Pixel and Point Matchingcited by 42
  10. 2025MatchAnything: Universal Cross-Modality Image Matching with Large-Scale Pre-Trainingcited by 40
  11. 2023SNAP: Self-Supervised Neural Maps for Visual Positioning and Semantic Understandingcited by 38
  12. 2022TransforMatcher: Match-to-Match Attention for Semantic Correspondencecited by 29
38 more
  1. 2021Motion Basis Learning for Unsupervised Deep Homography Estimation with Subspace Projectioncited by 28
  2. 2021Depth-Aware Multi-Grid Deep Homography Estimation with Contextual Correlationcited by 28
  3. 2022Decoupling Makes Weakly Supervised Local Feature Bettercited by 28
  4. 2023SFD2: Semantic-guided Feature Detection and Descriptioncited by 28
  5. 2022Semi-Supervised Keypoint Detector and Descriptor for Retinal Image Matchingcited by 27
  6. 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detectioncited by 26
  7. 2022ReDFeat: Recoupling Detection and Description for Multimodal Feature Learningcited by 26
  8. 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
  9. 2024Matching 2D Images in 3D: Metric Relative Pose from Metric Correspondencescited by 25
  10. 2023Learning Rotation-Equivariant Features for Visual Correspondencecited by 23
  11. 2021NinjaDesc: Content-Concealing Visual Descriptors via Adversarial Learningcited by 21
  12. 2023Steerers: A framework for rotation equivariant keypoint descriptorscited by 21
  13. 2022Unsupervised Homography Estimation with Coplanarity-Aware GANcited by 19
  14. 2022ECO-TR: Efficient Correspondences Finding Via Coarse-to-Fine Refinementcited by 18
  15. 2021Neural Reprojection Error: Merging Feature Learning and Camera Pose Estimationcited by 17
  16. 2021DFM: A Performance Baseline for Deep Feature Matchingcited by 17
  17. 2023Improving Transformer-based Image Matching by Cascaded Capturing Spatially Informative Keypointscited by 15
  18. 2023Segment Anything Model is a Good Teacher for Local Feature Learningcited by 15
  19. 2025Dense-SfM: Structure from Motion with Dense Consistent Matchingcited by 15
  20. 2021DSC-PoseNet: Learning 6DoF Object Pose Estimation via Dual-scale Consistencycited by 14
  21. 2023SACReg: Scene-Agnostic Coordinate Regression for Visual Localizationcited by 14
  22. 2023Long-term Visual Localization with Mobile Sensorscited by 13
  23. 2023S-TREK: Sequential Translation and Rotation Equivariant Keypoints for local feature extractioncited by 13
  24. 2024Learning to Make Keypoints Sub-Pixel Accuratecited by 13
  25. 2021ScaleNet: A Shallow Architecture for Scale Estimationcited by 12
  26. 2022BEV-Locator: An End-to-end Visual Semantic Localization Network Using Multi-View Imagescited by 12
  27. 2025MATCHA:Towards Matching Anythingcited by 12
  28. 2023Enhancing Deformable Local Features by Jointly Learning to Detect and Describe Keypointscited by 11
  29. 2023Two-View Geometry Scoring Without Correspondencescited by 11
  30. 2021Analysis and Mitigations of Reverse Engineering Attacks on Local Feature Descriptorscited by 10
  31. 2022GaitStrip: Gait Recognition via Effective Strip-based Feature Representations and Multi-Level Frameworkcited by 10
  32. 2022FeatureBooster: Boosting Feature Descriptors with a Lightweight Neural Networkcited by 10
  33. 2022Semi-supervised Deep Large-baseline Homography Estimation with Progressive Equivalence Constraintcited by 10
  34. 2023GyroFlow+: Gyroscope-Guided Unsupervised Deep Homography and Optical Flow Learningcited by 10
  35. 2021SIFT Matching by Context Exposedcited by 9
  36. 2022MTLDesc: Looking Wider to Describe Bettercited by 9
  37. 2022Self-Supervised Learning of Image Scale and Orientationcited by 9
  38. 2021Probabilistic Spatial Distribution Prior Based Attentional Keypoints Matching Networkcited by 8

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