OpenNavMap: Multi-Session Appearance-Based Topometric Mapping for Scalable Visual Navigation

Scalable and maintainable maps are fundamental to large-scale navigation and the long-term deployment of robots in real-world environments. However, conventional maps that explicitly maintain dense geometry or 3D landmarks incur high storage and maintenance costs, while the core challenge of scaling to multi-session mapping is visual localization under sparse viewpoint overlap, temporal appearance shifts, and cross-device variance. To address this, we propose OpenNavMap, a lightweight, landmark-free topometric mapping system that organizes image nodes into covisibility, odometry, and traversability graphs and delegates local geometry recovery to 3D geometric foundation models (GFMs) on demand. For localization, dynamic-programming-based sequence matching narrows candidate correspondences for a GFM, reducing global estimation to a lightweight, pose-only optimization; for mapping, a lifelong pipeline fuses multi-session, multi-device data via cross-device merging and node culling. On a 19km dataset across four real-world environments, methodname attains a state-of-the-art 0.62m translation error on the Map-Free benchmark, bounds the absolute trajectory error below 3m across 15.7km without depth sensors, and completes 12 autonomous image-goal visual navigation tasks on both simulated and physical robots. Code and datasets will be made publicly available at https://rpl-cs-ucl.github.io/OpenNavMappage.