mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Continual Learning for Image-Based Camera Localization

arXiv 2108.09112 ↗First posted 20 Aug 2021cs.CVcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

For several emerging technologies such as augmented reality, autonomous driving and robotics, visual localization is a critical component. Directly regressing camera pose/3D scene coordinates from the input image using deep neural networks has shown great potential. However, such methods assume a stationary data distribution with all scenes simultaneously available during training. In this paper, we approach the problem of visual localization in a continual learning setup -- whereby the model is trained on scenes in an incremental manner. Our results show that similar to the classification domain, non-stationary data induces catastrophic forgetting in deep networks for visual localization. To address this issue, a strong baseline based on storing and replaying images from a fixed buffer is proposed. Furthermore, we propose a new sampling method based on coverage score (Buff-CS) that adapts the existing sampling strategies in the buffering process to the problem of visual localization. Results demonstrate consistent improvements over standard buffering methods on two challenging datasets -- 7Scenes, 12Scenes, and also 19Scenes by combining the former scenes.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 50 of its 72 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Aug 2021.

Builds on

50 of 72 references.

References · 50

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 36,960
  2. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
  3. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  4. 2016iCaRL: Incremental Classifier and Representation Learningcited by 2,313
  5. 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,871
  6. 2017Memory Aware Synapses: Learning what (not) to forgetcited by 1,094
  7. 2018Efficient Lifelong Learning with A-GEMcited by 1,044
  8. 2020Dark Experience for General Continual Learning: a Strong, Simple Baselinecited by 895
  9. 2019Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningcited by 568
  10. 2018From Coarse to Fine: Robust Hierarchical Localization at Large Scalecited by 556
  11. 2016Expert Gate: Lifelong Learning with a Network of Expertscited by 369
  12. 2017PathNet: Evolution Channels Gradient Descent in Super Neural Networkscited by 362
38 more
  1. 2017Variational Continual Learningcited by 335
  2. 2016DSAC - Differentiable RANSAC for Camera Localizationcited by 264
  3. 2018Re-evaluating Continual Learning Scenarios: A Categorization and Case for Strong Baselinescited by 228
  4. 2017Geometric Loss Functions for Camera Pose Regression with Deep Learningcited by 224
  5. 2019Meta-Learning Representations for Continual Learningcited by 189
  6. 2019Understanding the Limitations of CNN-based Absolute Camera Pose Regressioncited by 177
  7. 2020Visual Camera Re-Localization from RGB and RGB-D Images Using DSACcited by 176
  8. 2017Geometry-Aware Learning of Maps for Camera Localizationcited by 161
  9. 2020Using Hindsight to Anchor Past Knowledge in Continual Learningcited by 160
  10. 2017Learning Less is More - 6D Camera Localization via 3D Surface Regressioncited by 146
  11. 2016Image-based localization using LSTMs for structured feature correlationcited by 136
  12. 2015Modelling Uncertainty in Deep Learning for Camera Relocalizationcited by 133
  13. 2019Neural-Guided RANSAC: Learning Where to Sample Model Hypothesescited by 129
  14. 2017Routing Networks: Adaptive Selection of Non-linear Functions for Multi-Task Learningcited by 125
  15. 2020Memory-Efficient Incremental Learning Through Feature Adaptationcited by 107
  16. 2020Continual Learning in Low-rank Orthogonal Subspacescited by 99
  17. 2019Hierarchical Scene Coordinate Classification and Regression for Visual Localizationcited by 93
  18. 2020Learning to Continually Learncited by 82
  19. 2017Camera Relocalization by Computing Pairwise Relative Poses Using Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 79
  20. 2019Expert Sample Consensus Applied to Camera Re-Localizationcited by 70
  21. 2017Image-based Localization using Hourglass Networkscited by 63
  22. 2016Learning to Navigate the Energy Landscapecited by 62
  23. 2018VLocNet++: Deep Multitask Learning for Semantic Visual Localization and Odometrycited by 61
  24. 2019To Learn or Not to Learn: Visual Localization from Essential Matricescited by 61
  25. 2018Deep Auxiliary Learning for Visual Localization and Odometrycited by 59
  26. 2020KFNet: Learning Temporal Camera Relocalization using Kalman Filteringcited by 43
  27. 2017On-the-Fly Adaptation of Regression Forests for Online Camera Relocalisationcited by 38
  28. 2018Real-Time RGB-D Camera Pose Estimation in Novel Scenes using a Relocalisation Cascadecited by 35
  29. 2019Distilling Knowledge From a Deep Pose Regressor Networkcited by 34
  30. 2018Leveraging Deep Visual Descriptors for Hierarchical Efficient Localizationcited by 29
  31. 2019Let's Take This Online: Adapting Scene Coordinate Regression Network Predictions for Online RGB-D Camera Relocalisationcited by 28
  32. 2016Random Forests versus Neural Networks - What's Best for Camera Localization?cited by 15
  33. 2018Full-Frame Scene Coordinate Regression for Image-Based Localizationcited by 13
  34. 2019Large Scale Joint Semantic Re-Localisation and Scene Understanding via Globally Unique Instance Coordinate Regressioncited by 12
  35. 2017Backtracking Regression Forests for Accurate Camera Relocalizationcited by 10
  36. 2017Exploiting Points and Lines in Regression Forests for RGB-D Camera Relocalizationcited by 8
  37. 2018Scene Coordinate and Correspondence Learning for Image-Based Localizationcited by 7
  38. 2018Scene Coordinate Regression with Angle-Based Reprojection Loss for Camera Relocalizationcited by 6

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 5; 2024: 5; 2025: 2; 2026: 3.

18 papers.

Sort:

  1. 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
  2. 2022LaMAR: Benchmarking Localization and Mapping for Augmented Realitycited by 98
  3. 2022Visual Localization via Few-Shot Scene Region Classificationcited by 36
  4. 2023HSCNet++: Hierarchical Scene Coordinate Classification and Regression for Visual Localization with Transformercited by 26
  5. 2023DGC-GNN: Leveraging Geometry and Color Cues for Visual Descriptor-Free 2D-3D Matchingcited by 17
  6. 2023Deep Learning for Visual Localization and Mapping: A Surveycited by 14
  7. 2025LiftFeat: 3D Geometry-Aware Local Feature Matchingcited by 12
  8. 2024Differentiable Product Quantization for Memory Efficient Camera Relocalizationcited by 9
  9. 2022Hot-Refresh Model Upgrades with Regression-Alleviating Compatible Training in Image Retrievalcited by 6
  10. 2024Federated Continual Graph Learningcited by 5
  11. 2024Improved Scene Landmark Detection for Camera Localizationcited by 4
  12. 2023OFVL-MS: Once for Visual Localization across Multiple Indoor Scenescited by 3
6 more
  1. 2025A2-GNN: Angle-Annular GNN for Visual Descriptor-free Camera Relocalizationcited by 3
  2. 2024Progressive Conservative Adaptation for Evolving Target Domainscited by 0
  3. 2024Towards Global Localization using Multi-Modal Object-Instance Re-Identificationcited by 0
  4. 2026Continual Hand-Eye Calibration for Open-world Robotic Manipulationcited by 0
  5. 2026Magnetic Indoor Localization through CNN Regression and Rotation Invariancecited by 0
  6. 2026GeoMix: Descriptor-Free Visual Localization via Global Context and Multi-Detector Trainingcited by 0