GLU-Net: Global-Local Universal Network for Dense Flow and Correspondences
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Abstract (arXiv)
Establishing dense correspondences between a pair of images is an important and general problem, covering geometric matching, optical flow and semantic correspondences. While these applications share fundamental challenges, such as large displacements, pixel-accuracy, and appearance changes, they are currently addressed with specialized network architectures, designed for only one particular task. This severely limits the generalization capabilities of such networks to new scenarios, where e.g. robustness to larger displacements or higher accuracy is required. In this work, we propose a universal network architecture that is directly applicable to all the aforementioned dense correspondence problems. We achieve both high accuracy and robustness to large displacements by investigating the combined use of global and local correlation layers. We further propose an adaptive resolution strategy, allowing our network to operate on virtually any input image resolution. The proposed GLU-Net achieves state-of-the-art performance for geometric and semantic matching as well as optical flow, when using the same network and weights. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/PruneTruong/GLU-Net.
Key facts. Cited by 139 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 22; 2022: 28; 2023: 26; 2024: 25; 2025: 23; 2026: 15.
139 papers.
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- 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 979
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 965
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 326
- 2023A Tale of Two Features: Stable Diffusion Complements DINO for Zero-Shot Semantic Correspondencecited by 298
- 2023RoMa: Robust Dense Feature Matchingcited by 296
- 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 200
- 2022SPARF: Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse and Noisy Posescited by 195
- 2021Hypercorrelation Squeeze for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 193
- 2023Tracking Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 191
- 2021COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Imagescited by 182
- 2022DKM: Dense Kernelized Feature Matching for Geometry Estimationcited by 175
- 2022ASpanFormer: Detector-Free Image Matching with Adaptive Span Transformercited by 170
38 more
- 2023Unsupervised Semantic Correspondence Using Stable Diffusioncited by 120
- 2022Cost Aggregation with 4D Convolutional Swin Transformer for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 114
- 2021Learning Accurate Dense Correspondences and When to Trust Themcited by 113
- 2022RelPose: Predicting Probabilistic Relative Rotation for Single Objects in the Wildcited by 102
- 2022NeRF-Supervision: Learning Dense Object Descriptors from Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 86
- 2023Telling Left from Right: Identifying Geometry-Aware Semantic Correspondencecited by 85
- 2021PDC-Net+: Enhanced Probabilistic Dense Correspondence Networkcited by 80
- 2024Local All-Pair Correspondence for Point Trackingcited by 78
- 2021CATs: Cost Aggregation Transformers for Visual Correspondencecited by 77
- 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 60
- 2022CATs++: Boosting Cost Aggregation with Convolutions and Transformerscited by 53
- 2024XoFTR: Cross-modal Feature Matching Transformercited by 46
- 2025Dens3R: A Foundation Model for 3D Geometry Predictioncited by 44
- 2021Convolutional Hough Matching Networkscited by 43
- 2021Warp Consistency for Unsupervised Learning of Dense Correspondencescited by 42
- 2021Deep Lucas-Kanade Homography for Multimodal Image Alignmentcited by 38
- 2024DeDoDe v2: Analyzing and Improving the DeDoDe Keypoint Detectorcited by 38
- 2025UFM: A Simple Path towards Unified Dense Correspondence with Flowcited by 35
- 2023PATS: Patch Area Transportation with Subdivision for Local Feature Matchingcited by 33
- 2023Rethinking Optical Flow from Geometric Matching Consistent Perspectivecited by 33
- 2021Multi-scale Matching Networks for Semantic Correspondencecited by 32
- 2022SGUIE-Net: Semantic Attention Guided Underwater Image Enhancement with Multi-Scale Perceptioncited by 32
- 2022Neural Matching Fields: Implicit Representation of Matching Fields for Visual Correspondencecited by 32
- 2022Refign: Align and Refine for Adaptation of Semantic Segmentation to Adverse Conditionscited by 31
- 2022Learning Semantic Correspondence with Sparse Annotationscited by 31
- 2024Reconstructing People, Places, and Camerascited by 31
- 2021Deep Matching Prior: Test-Time Optimization for Dense Correspondencecited by 30
- 2022Probabilistic Warp Consistency for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Correspondencescited by 30
- 2024Cross-View Completion Models are Zero-shot Correspondence Estimatorscited by 30
- 2025Emergent Temporal Correspondences from Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 30
- 2022TransforMatcher: Match-to-Match Attention for Semantic Correspondencecited by 29
- 2023PMatch: Paired Masked Image Modeling for Dense Geometric Matchingcited by 29
- 2022Self-Supervised Equivariant Learning for Oriented Keypoint Detectioncited by 26
- 2024Local Feature Matching Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 26
- 2022DynaST: Dynamic Sparse Transformer for Exemplar-Guided Image Generationcited by 24
- 2023Adaptive Spot-Guided Transformer for Consistent Local Feature Matchingcited by 22
- 2022MSANet: Multi-Similarity and Attention Guidance for Boosting Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 21
- 2023Diffusion Model for Dense Matchingcited by 21
50 most cited of 139 All 139 (JSON)
- 2026Diff-RF: Mutually Reinforced Image Registration and Fusion via Degradation-Aware Learning23 Sep 2026
- 2026Revisiting Multi-View Stereo: A Sequence-to-Sequence Formulation21 Sep 2026
- 2026AlignMorph: Tuning-Free Diffusion Image Morphing via Explicit Semantic Transport21 Sep 2026
- 2026Cross-View Feature Matching: Survey, Benchmarking, and Foundation-Model Perspectives11 Aug 2026
- 2026RBE-Flow: Recurrent Bayesian Estimation on Feature Manifolds for Cross-Modal Registration29 Jun 2026
- 2026REDI-Match: Rotation-Equivariant Distillation for Efficient and Robust Dense Matching23 Jun 2026
- 2026TWINGS: Thin Plate Splines Warp-aligned Initialization for Sparse-View Gaussian Splatting21 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-aware Spatial-Frequency Registration and Fusion for Infrared and Visible Images13 May 2026
- 2026MARCO: Navigating the Unseen Space of Semantic Correspondence20 Apr 2026
- 2026ViBA: Implicit Bundle Adjustment with Geometric and Temporal Consistency for Robust Visual Matching3 Apr 2026
- 2026MegaFlow: Zero-Shot Large Displacement Optical Flow26 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Strict Pairing: Arbitrarily Paired Training for High-Performance Infrared and Visible Image Fusion23 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026PCA-Seg: Revisiting Cost Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Semantic and Part Segmentation18 Mar 2026
- 2026BluRef: Unsupervised Image Deblurring with Dense-Matching References15 Mar 2026
- 2026Deep learning enables urban change profiling through alignment of historical maps2 Feb 2026
- 2025Dynamic Stream Network for Combinatorial Explosion Problem in Deformable Medical Image Registration22 Dec 2025
- 2025SOMA: Feature Gradient Enhanced Affine-Flow Matching for SAR-Optical Registration17 Nov 2025
- 2025Handling Multiple Hypotheses in Coarse-to-Fine Dense Image Matching10 Sep 2025
- 2025DOMR: Establishing Cross-View Segmentation via Dense Object Matching6 Aug 2025
- 2025Estimating 2D Camera Motion with Hybrid Motion Basis30 Jul 2025
- 2025CasP: Improving Semi-Dense Feature Matching Pipeline Leveraging Cascaded Correspondence Priors for Guidance23 Jul 2025
- 2025Dens3R: A Foundation Model for 3D Geometry Prediction22 Jul 2025
- 2025RIPE: Reinforcement Learning on Unlabeled Image Pairs for Robust Keypoint Extraction7 Jul 2025
- 2025Information-Bottleneck Driven Binary Neural Network for Change Detection4 Jul 2025
- 2025Emergent Temporal Correspondences from Video Diffusion Transformers20 Jun 2025
- 2025UFM: A Simple Path towards Unified Dense Correspondence with Flow10 Jun 2025
- 2025Deep Learning Reforms Image Matching: A Survey and Outlook5 Jun 2025
- 2025Semantic Correspondence: Unified Benchmarking and a Strong Baseline23 May 2025
- 2025CodingHomo: Bootstrapping Deep Homography With Video Coding16 Apr 2025
- 2025CoMatch: Dynamic Covisibility-Aware Transformer for Bilateral Subpixel-Level Semi-Dense Image Matching31 Mar 2025
- 2025LiM-Loc: Visual Localization with Dense and Accurate 3D Reference Maps Directly Corresponding 2D Keypoints to 3D LiDAR Point Clouds31 Mar 2025
- 2025Co-op: Correspondence-based Novel Object Pose Estimation22 Mar 2025
- 2025Stereo Any Video: Temporally Consistent Stereo Matching7 Mar 2025
- 2025EDM: Equirectangular Projection-Oriented Dense Kernelized Feature Matching28 Feb 2025
- 2025IM360: Large-scale Indoor Mapping with 360 Cameras18 Feb 2025
- 2025MATCHA:Towards Matching Anything24 Jan 2025
- 2025Fine-Grained Image-Text Correspondence with Cost Aggregation for Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentation16 Jan 2025
- 2025ProTracker: Probabilistic Integration for Robust and Accurate Point Tracking6 Jan 2025
- 2024Reconstructing People, Places, and Cameras23 Dec 2024
- 2024SoundLoc3D: Invisible 3D Sound Source Localization and Classification Using a Multimodal RGB-D Acoustic Camera22 Dec 2024
- 2024Cross-View Completion Models are Zero-shot Correspondence Estimators12 Dec 2024
- 2024Self-Assessed Generation: Trustworthy Label Generation for Optical Flow and Stereo Matching in Real-world14 Oct 2024
- 2024A Robust Multisource Remote Sensing Image Matching Method Utilizing Attention and Feature Enhancement Against Noise Interference1 Oct 2024
- 2024Affine steerers for structured keypoint description26 Aug 2024
- 2024ADen: Adaptive Density Representations for Sparse-view Camera Pose Estimation16 Aug 2024
- 2024Visible-Thermal Multiple Object Tracking: Large-scale Video Dataset and Progressive Fusion Approach2 Aug 2024
- 2024SHIC: Shape-Image Correspondences with no Keypoint Supervision26 Jul 2024
- 2024Local All-Pair Correspondence for Point Tracking22 Jul 2024
- 2024REMM:Rotation-Equivariant Framework for End-to-End Multimodal Image Matching16 Jul 2024
- 2024Accurate and Fast Pixel Retrieval with Spatial and Uncertainty Aware Hypergraph Diffusion17 Jun 2024
50 newest of 139 All 139 (JSON)
- 2023A Tale of Two Features: Stable Diffusion Complements DINO for Zero-Shot Semantic Correspondencecited by 298
- 2023Unsupervised Semantic Correspondence Using Stable Diffusioncited by 120
- 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalizationcited by 60
- 2025Emergent Temporal Correspondences from Video Diffusion Transformerscited by 30
- 2023Diffusion Model for Dense Matchingcited by 21
- 2025Emergent Temporal Correspondences from Video Diffusion Transformers20 Jun 2025
- 2024DreamMatcher: Appearance Matching Self-Attention for Semantically-Consistent Text-to-Image Personalization15 Feb 2024
- 2023Diffusion Model for Dense Matching30 May 2023
- 2023Unsupervised Semantic Correspondence Using Stable Diffusion24 May 2023
- 2023A Tale of Two Features: Stable Diffusion Complements DINO for Zero-Shot Semantic Correspondence24 May 2023
- 2021LoFTR: Detector-Free Local Feature Matching with Transformerscited by 979
- 2024Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3Rcited by 965
- 2021GMFlow: Learning Optical Flow via Global Matchingcited by 326
- 2023RoMa: Robust Dense Feature Matchingcited by 296
- 2021Pixel-Perfect Structure-from-Motion with Featuremetric Refinementcited by 200
- 2022SPARF: Neural Radiance Fields from Sparse and Noisy Posescited by 195
- 2021Hypercorrelation Squeeze for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 193
- 2023Tracking Everything Everywhere All at Oncecited by 191
- 2021COTR: Correspondence Transformer for Matching Across Imagescited by 182
- 2022DKM: Dense Kernelized Feature Matching for Geometry Estimationcited by 175
- 2022ASpanFormer: Detector-Free Image Matching with Adaptive Span Transformercited by 170
- 2022Cost Aggregation with 4D Convolutional Swin Transformer for Few-Shot Segmentationcited by 114
12 most cited of 132 All 132 (JSON)
- 2026Diff-RF: Mutually Reinforced Image Registration and Fusion via Degradation-Aware Learning23 Sep 2026
- 2026Revisiting Multi-View Stereo: A Sequence-to-Sequence Formulation21 Sep 2026
- 2026AlignMorph: Tuning-Free Diffusion Image Morphing via Explicit Semantic Transport21 Sep 2026
- 2026Cross-View Feature Matching: Survey, Benchmarking, and Foundation-Model Perspectives11 Aug 2026
- 2026RBE-Flow: Recurrent Bayesian Estimation on Feature Manifolds for Cross-Modal Registration29 Jun 2026
- 2026REDI-Match: Rotation-Equivariant Distillation for Efficient and Robust Dense Matching23 Jun 2026
- 2026TWINGS: Thin Plate Splines Warp-aligned Initialization for Sparse-View Gaussian Splatting21 May 2026
- 2026Uncertainty-aware Spatial-Frequency Registration and Fusion for Infrared and Visible Images13 May 2026
- 2026MARCO: Navigating the Unseen Space of Semantic Correspondence20 Apr 2026
- 2026ViBA: Implicit Bundle Adjustment with Geometric and Temporal Consistency for Robust Visual Matching3 Apr 2026
- 2026MegaFlow: Zero-Shot Large Displacement Optical Flow26 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Strict Pairing: Arbitrarily Paired Training for High-Performance Infrared and Visible Image Fusion23 Mar 2026
12 newest of 132 All 132 (JSON)