mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Reincarnating Reinforcement Learning: Reusing Prior Computation to Accelerate Progress

arXiv 2206.01626 ↗First posted 3 Jun 2022cs.LG cs.AI stat.MLcited by 63

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Abstract (arXiv)

Learning tabula rasa, that is without any prior knowledge, is the prevalent workflow in reinforcement learning (RL) research. However, RL systems, when applied to large-scale settings, rarely operate tabula rasa. Such large-scale systems undergo multiple design or algorithmic changes during their development cycle and use ad hoc approaches for incorporating these changes without re-training from scratch, which would have been prohibitively expensive. Additionally, the inefficiency of deep RL typically excludes researchers without access to industrial-scale resources from tackling computationally-demanding problems. To address these issues, we present reincarnating RL as an alternative workflow or class of problem settings, where prior computational work (e.g., learned policies) is reused or transferred between design iterations of an RL agent, or from one RL agent to another. As a step towards enabling reincarnating RL from any agent to any other agent, we focus on the specific setting of efficiently transferring an existing sub-optimal policy to a standalone value-based RL agent. We find that existing approaches fail in this setting and propose a simple algorithm to address their limitations. Equipped with this algorithm, we demonstrate reincarnating RL's gains over tabula rasa RL on Atari 2600 games, a challenging locomotion task, and the real-world problem of navigating stratospheric balloons. Overall, this work argues for an alternative approach to RL research, which we believe could significantly improve real-world RL adoption and help democratize it further. Open-sourced code and trained agents at https://agarwl.github.io/reincarnating_rl.

Key facts. Cited by 63 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 58 of its 92 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2022.

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58 of 92 references.

References · 58

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  12. 2021Offline Reinforcement Learning with Implicit Q-Learningcited by 1,245
38 more
  1. 2019Dota 2 with Large Scale Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,084
  2. 2015Prioritized Experience Replaycited by 1,070
  3. 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 935
  4. 2018IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecturescited by 866
  5. 2021Deep Reinforcement Learning at the Edge of the Statistical Precipicecited by 781
  6. 2017Rainbow: Combining Improvements in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 774
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  8. 2019Solving Rubik's Cube with a Robot Handcited by 699
  9. 2020AWAC: Accelerating Online Reinforcement Learning with Offline Datasetscited by 647
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  12. 2018Implicit Quantile Networks for Distributional Reinforcement Learningcited by 362
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  14. 2017Overcoming Exploration in Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrationscited by 322
  15. 2017Revisiting the Arcade Learning Environment: Evaluation Protocols and Open Problems for General Agentscited by 267
  16. 2022Masked Visual Pre-training for Motor Controlcited by 246
  17. 2015Net2Net: Accelerating Learning via Knowledge Transfercited by 245
  18. 2020Accelerating Reinforcement Learning with Learned Skill Priorscited by 220
  19. 2021Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learning via Balanced Replay and Pessimistic Q-Ensemblecited by 211
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  23. 2020Implicit Under-Parameterization Inhibits Data-Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 134
  24. 2022Understanding and Preventing Capacity Loss in Reinforcement Learningcited by 124
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  26. 2022Jump-Start Reinforcement Learningcited by 102
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  28. 2019Distilling Policy Distillationcited by 81
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  30. 2018Kickstarting Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 75
  31. 2018Reinforcement Learning from Imperfect Demonstrationscited by 74
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  34. 2021The Difficulty of Passive Learning in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 50
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  36. 2021AW-Opt: Learning Robotic Skills with Imitation and Reinforcement at Scalecited by 43
  37. 2021Heuristic-Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 41
  38. 2021MLGO: a Machine Learning Guided Compiler Optimizations Frameworkcited by 40

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Citing papers per year: 2022: 4; 2023: 18; 2024: 19; 2025: 15; 2026: 7.

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  1. 2023On-Policy Distillation of Language Models: Learning from Self-Generated Mistakescited by 840
  2. 2025VLA-RL: Towards Masterful and General Robotic Manipulation with Scalable Reinforcement Learningcited by 166
  3. 2023Bigger, Better, Faster: Human-level Atari with human-level efficiencycited by 145
  4. 2025ConRFT: A Reinforced Fine-tuning Method for VLA Models via Consistency Policycited by 139
  5. 2025Reinforcement Learning with Action Chunkingcited by 97
  6. 2023Do Embodied Agents Dream of Pixelated Sheep: Embodied Decision Making using Language Guided World Modellingcited by 88
  7. 2022Offline Q-Learning on Diverse Multi-Task Data Both Scales And Generalizescited by 72
  8. 2023Deep Reinforcement Learning with Plasticity Injectioncited by 71
  9. 2024Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline Datacited by 58
  10. 2024FLaRe: Achieving Masterful and Adaptive Robot Policies with Large-Scale Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuningcited by 54
  11. 2023TAIL: Task-specific Adapters for Imitation Learning with Large Pretrained Modelscited by 48
  12. 2024In value-based deep reinforcement learning, a pruned network is a good networkcited by 38
38 more
  1. 2024RIME: Robust Preference-based Reinforcement Learning with Noisy Preferencescited by 37
  2. 2026Q-learning with Adjoint Matchingcited by 33
  3. 2023Large Language Model as a Policy Teacher for Training Reinforcement Learning Agentscited by 30
  4. 2023PROTO: Iterative Policy Regularized Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 28
  5. 2024Fine-tuning Reinforcement Learning Models is Secretly a Forgetting Mitigation Problemcited by 23
  6. 2023Accelerating Exploration with Unlabeled Prior Datacited by 21
  7. 2025Refined Policy Distillation: From VLA Generalists to RL Expertscited by 19
  8. 2022Pretraining in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Surveycited by 18
  9. 2024Open RL Benchmark: Comprehensive Tracked Experiments for Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
  10. 2023TGRL: An Algorithm for Teacher Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 16
  11. 2024MAD-TD: Model-Augmented Data stabilizes High Update Ratio RLcited by 16
  12. 2023A Perspective of Q-value Estimation on Offline-to-Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
  13. 2023Diverse Conventions for Human-AI Collaborationcited by 14
  14. 2025Squeeze the Soaked Sponge: Efficient Off-policy Reinforcement Finetuning for Large Language Modelcited by 14
  15. 2024Leveraging Skills from Unlabeled Prior Data for Efficient Online Explorationcited by 13
  16. 2025Skill Expansion and Composition in Parameter Spacecited by 13
  17. 2026Learning While Deploying: Fleet-Scale Reinforcement Learning for Generalist Robot Policiescited by 12
  18. 2022Policy Adaptation from Foundation Model Feedbackcited by 10
  19. 2023Genes in Intelligent Agentscited by 9
  20. 2024Optimistic Critic Reconstruction and Constrained Fine-Tuning for General Offline-to-Online RLcited by 9
  21. 2024Beyond the Safety Bundle: Auditing the Helpful and Harmless Datasetcited by 8
  22. 2024RICE: Breaking Through the Training Bottlenecks of Reinforcement Learning with Explanationcited by 7
  23. 2025Reinforcement Fine-Tuning of Flow-Matching Policies for Vision-Language-Action Modelscited by 7
  24. 2023Fair collaborative vehicle routing: A deep multi-agent reinforcement learning approachcited by 6
  25. 2022Flexible Attention-Based Multi-Policy Fusion for Efficient Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 5
  26. 2023Action Inference by Maximising Evidence: Zero-Shot Imitation from Observation with World Modelscited by 5
  27. 2024Boosting Soft Q-Learning by Boundingcited by 4
  28. 2025Towards Principled Unsupervised Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 4
  29. 2025From Parameters to Behaviors: Unsupervised Compression of the Policy Spacecited by 4
  30. 2026SoK: The Pitfalls of Deep Reinforcement Learning for Cybersecuritycited by 4
  31. 2024QGym: Scalable Simulation and Benchmarking of Queuing Network Controllerscited by 3
  32. 2025Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning via Large Vision Language Model Distillationcited by 3
  33. 2026From P(y|x) to P(y): Investigating Reinforcement Learning in Pre-train Spacecited by 3
  34. 2023Accelerating Policy Gradient by Estimating Value Function from Prior Computation in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  35. 2023Selective Reincarnation: Offline-to-Online Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  36. 2024Explaining an Agent's Future Beliefs through Temporally Decomposing Future Reward Estimatorscited by 2
  37. 2025LLM-Guided Reinforcement Learning: Addressing Training Bottlenecks through Policy Modulationcited by 2
  38. 2023Knowledge Transfer from Teachers to Learners in Growing-Batch Reinforcement Learningcited by 1

50 most cited of 63 All 63 (JSON)