mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Animal Kingdom: A Large and Diverse Dataset for Animal Behavior Understanding

arXiv 2204.08129 ↗First posted 18 Apr 2022cs.CVcited by 102

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Abstract (arXiv)

Understanding animals' behaviors is significant for a wide range of applications. However, existing animal behavior datasets have limitations in multiple aspects, including limited numbers of animal classes, data samples and provided tasks, and also limited variations in environmental conditions and viewpoints. To address these limitations, we create a large and diverse dataset, Animal Kingdom, that provides multiple annotated tasks to enable a more thorough understanding of natural animal behaviors. The wild animal footages used in our dataset record different times of the day in extensive range of environments containing variations in backgrounds, viewpoints, illumination and weather conditions. More specifically, our dataset contains 50 hours of annotated videos to localize relevant animal behavior segments in long videos for the video grounding task, 30K video sequences for the fine-grained multi-label action recognition task, and 33K frames for the pose estimation task, which correspond to a diverse range of animals with 850 species across 6 major animal classes. Such a challenging and comprehensive dataset shall be able to facilitate the community to develop, adapt, and evaluate various types of advanced methods for animal behavior analysis. Moreover, we propose a Collaborative Action Recognition (CARe) model that learns general and specific features for action recognition with unseen new animals. This method achieves promising performance in our experiments. Our dataset can be found at https://sutdcv.github.io/Animal-Kingdom.

Key facts. Cited by 102 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 40 of its 95 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Apr 2022.

Builds on

40 of 95 references.

References · 40

  1. 2017Model-Agnostic Meta-Learning for Fast Adaptation of Deep Networkscited by 4,861
  2. 2017Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Datasetcited by 3,259
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  11. 2016Hollywood in Homes: Crowdsourcing Data Collection for Activity Understandingcited by 535
  12. 2018Video Action Transformer Networkcited by 316
28 more
  1. 20163D Menagerie: Modeling the 3D shape and pose of animalscited by 310
  2. 2020Equalization Loss for Long-Tailed Object Recognitioncited by 285
  3. 2019Episodic Training for Domain Generalizationcited by 245
  4. 2020Span-based Localizing Network for Natural Language Video Localizationcited by 234
  5. 2018Markerless tracking of user-defined features with deep learningcited by 203
  6. 2020Local-Global Video-Text Interactions for Temporal Groundingcited by 188
  7. 2019Distribution-Aware Coordinate Representation for Human Pose Estimationcited by 165
  8. 2021AP-10K: A Benchmark for Animal Pose Estimation in the Wildcited by 123
  9. 2019Cross-Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 108
  10. 2020Heterogeneous Domain Generalization via Domain Mixupcited by 103
  11. 2021The iWildCam 2021 Competition Datasetcited by 77
  12. 2021Generalizable Person Re-identification with Relevance-aware Mixture of Expertscited by 77
  13. 2019Learning from Synthetic Animalscited by 65
  14. 2020Learning Meta Face Recognition in Unseen Domainscited by 61
  15. 2021From Synthetic to Real: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 48
  16. 2019Pretraining boosts out-of-domain robustness for pose estimationcited by 47
  17. 2019Deep learning tools for the measurement of animal behavior in neurosciencecited by 44
  18. 2021VideoLT: Large-scale Long-tailed Video Recognitioncited by 35
  19. 2020Revisiting Pose-Normalization for Fine-Grained Few-Shot Recognitioncited by 30
  20. 2021Iterative Human and Automated Identification of Wildlife Imagescited by 22
  21. 2020Deformation-aware Unpaired Image Translation for Pose Estimation on Laboratory Animalscited by 14
  22. 2017Interspecies Knowledge Transfer for Facial Keypoint Detectioncited by 13
  23. 2021Discovering Relationships between Object Categories via Universal Canonical Mapscited by 13
  24. 2021SyDog: A Synthetic Dog Dataset for Improved 2D Pose Estimationcited by 9
  25. 2021Florida Wildlife Camera Trap Datasetcited by 7
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  27. 2019Animal Detection in Man-made Environmentscited by 4
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 15; 2024: 25; 2025: 39; 2026: 20.

102 papers.

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  1. 2024Direct-a-Video: Customized Video Generation with User-Directed Camera Movement and Object Motioncited by 167
  2. 2024VisionLLM v2: An End-to-End Generalist Multimodal Large Language Model for Hundreds of Vision-Language Taskscited by 136
  3. 2023TrailBlazer: Trajectory Control for Diffusion-Based Video Generationcited by 90
  4. 2024Learning the 3D Fauna of the Webcited by 58
  5. 2022APT-36K: A Large-scale Benchmark for Animal Pose Estimation and Trackingcited by 55
  6. 2023Going Denser with Open-Vocabulary Part Segmentationcited by 51
  7. 2025VMBench: A Benchmark for Perception-Aligned Video Motion Generationcited by 48
  8. 2024DreamVideo-2: Zero-Shot Subject-Driven Video Customization with Precise Motion Controlcited by 42
  9. 2023MammalNet: A Large-scale Video Benchmark for Mammal Recognition and Behavior Understandingcited by 35
  10. 2023ChimpACT: A Longitudinal Dataset for Understanding Chimpanzee Behaviorscited by 24
  11. 2025DreamRelation: Relation-Centric Video Customizationcited by 23
  12. 2024PanAf20K: A Large Video Dataset for Wild Ape Detection and Behaviour Recognitioncited by 22
38 more
  1. 2023X-Pose: Detecting Any Keypointscited by 21
  2. 2024AniMer: Animal Pose and Shape Estimation Using Family Aware Transformercited by 20
  3. 20233D-POP -- An automated annotation approach to facilitate markerless 2D-3D tracking of freely moving birds with marker-based motion capturecited by 18
  4. 2024AniClipart: Clipart Animation with Text-to-Video Priorscited by 17
  5. 2024VideoICL: Confidence-based Iterative In-context Learning for Out-of-Distribution Video Understandingcited by 17
  6. 2024PartGLEE: A Foundation Model for Recognizing and Parsing Any Objectscited by 15
  7. 2024BaboonLand Dataset: Tracking Primates in the Wild and Automating Behaviour Recognition from Drone Videoscited by 14
  8. 2025MammAlps: A multi-view video behavior monitoring dataset of wild mammals in the Swiss Alpscited by 14
  9. 2022MABe22: A Multi-Species Multi-Task Benchmark for Learned Representations of Behaviorcited by 12
  10. 2024EgoPet: Egomotion and Interaction Data from an Animal's Perspectivecited by 11
  11. 2024Computer Vision for Primate Behavior Analysis in the Wildcited by 10
  12. 2024A Survey of Video Datasets for Grounded Event Understandingcited by 9
  13. 2023Actor-agnostic Multi-label Action Recognition with Multi-modal Querycited by 8
  14. 2023APTv2: Benchmarking Animal Pose Estimation and Tracking with a Large-scale Dataset and Beyondcited by 8
  15. 2025Web-Scale Collection of Video Data for 4D Animal Reconstructioncited by 8
  16. 2023UniAP: Towards Universal Animal Perception in Vision via Few-shot Learningcited by 7
  17. 2024Animal Identification with Independent Foreground and Background Modelingcited by 7
  18. 2025AniMer+: Unified Pose and Shape Estimation Across Mammalia and Aves via Family-Aware Transformercited by 7
  19. 2025The SA-FARI Dataset: Segment Anything in Footage of Animals for Recognition and Identificationcited by 6
  20. 2023Application of deep learning for livestock behaviour recognition: A systematic literature reviewcited by 5
  21. 2023CattleEyeView: A Multi-task Top-down View Cattle Dataset for Smarter Precision Livestock Farmingcited by 5
  22. 2024AlphaChimp: Tracking and Behavior Recognition of Chimpanzeescited by 5
  23. 2025The PanAf-FGBG Dataset: Understanding the Impact of Backgrounds in Wildlife Behaviour Recognitioncited by 5
  24. 2026Moment-Video: Diagnosing Temporal Fidelity of Video MLLMs on Momentary Visual Eventscited by 5
  25. 2023Token Boosting for Robust Self-Supervised Visual Transformer Pre-trainingcited by 4
  26. 2023CVB: A Video Dataset of Cattle Visual Behaviorscited by 4
  27. 2024Animal Behavior Analysis Methods Using Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 4
  28. 2024OpenAnimalTracks: A Dataset for Animal Track Recognitioncited by 4
  29. 2025Visual WetlandBirds Dataset: Bird Species Identification and Behavior Recognition in Videoscited by 4
  30. 2025SEVERE++: Evaluating Benchmark Sensitivity in Generalization of Video Representation Learningcited by 4
  31. 2025DogMo: A Large-Scale Multi-View RGB-D Dataset for 4D Canine Motion Recoverycited by 4
  32. 2025Learning Structure-Supporting Dependencies via Keypoint Interactive Transformer for General Mammal Pose Estimationcited by 3
  33. 2025Probabilistic Prompt Distribution Learning for Animal Pose Estimationcited by 3
  34. 2025LLaVAction: evaluating and training multi-modal large language models for action understandingcited by 3
  35. 2025Global and Local Entailment Learning for Natural World Imagerycited by 3
  36. 2025FakeParts: a New Family of AI-Generated DeepFakescited by 3
  37. 2025SeeU: Seeing the Unseen World via 4D Dynamics-aware Generationcited by 3
  38. 2026YoCausal: How Far is Video Generation from World Model? A Causality Perspectivecited by 3

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