mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CORA: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Metrics as a Platform for Continual Reinforcement Learning Agents

arXiv 2110.10067 ↗First posted 19 Oct 2021cs.LG cs.AIcited by 38

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Abstract (arXiv)

Progress in continual reinforcement learning has been limited due to several barriers to entry: missing code, high compute requirements, and a lack of suitable benchmarks. In this work, we present CORA, a platform for Continual Reinforcement Learning Agents that provides benchmarks, baselines, and metrics in a single code package. The benchmarks we provide are designed to evaluate different aspects of the continual RL challenge, such as catastrophic forgetting, plasticity, ability to generalize, and sample-efficient learning. Three of the benchmarks utilize video game environments (Atari, Procgen, NetHack). The fourth benchmark, CHORES, consists of four different task sequences in a visually realistic home simulator, drawn from a diverse set of task and scene parameters. To compare continual RL methods on these benchmarks, we prepare three metrics in CORA: Continual Evaluation, Isolated Forgetting, and Zero-Shot Forward Transfer. Finally, CORA includes a set of performant, open-source baselines of existing algorithms for researchers to use and expand on. We release CORA and hope that the continual RL community can benefit from our contributions, to accelerate the development of new continual RL algorithms.

Key facts. Cited by 38 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 64 of its 90 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Oct 2021.

Builds on

64 of 90 references.

References · 64

  1. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,787
  2. 2017Gradient Episodic Memory for Continual Learningcited by 1,898
  3. 2016OpenAI Gymcited by 1,736
  4. 2018Continual Lifelong Learning with Neural Networks: A Reviewcited by 1,330
  5. 2019Meta-World: A Benchmark and Evaluation for Multi-Task and Meta Reinforcement Learningcited by 1,204
  6. 2019Habitat: A Platform for Embodied AI Researchcited by 1,191
  7. 2018Experience Replay for Continual Learningcited by 1,095
  8. 2018DeepMind Control Suitecited by 956
  9. 2018IMPALA: Scalable Distributed Deep-RL with Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecturescited by 883
  10. 2017AI2-THOR: An Interactive 3D Environment for Visual AIcited by 869
  11. 2019ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday Taskscited by 783
  12. 2018Riemannian Walk for Incremental Learning: Understanding Forgetting and Intransigencecited by 742
38 more
  1. 2017Mastering Chess and Shogi by Self-Play with a General Reinforcement Learning Algorithmcited by 734
  2. 2017Learning Complex Dexterous Manipulation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Demonstrationscited by 715
  3. 2019RLBench: The Robot Learning Benchmark & Learning Environmentcited by 689
  4. 2020SAPIEN: A SimulAted Part-based Interactive ENvironmentcited by 595
  5. 2018Progress & Compress: A scalable framework for continual learningcited by 520
  6. 2020robosuite: A Modular Simulation Framework and Benchmark for Robot Learningcited by 511
  7. 2021Habitat 2.0: Training Home Assistants to Rearrange their Habitatcited by 511
  8. 2019Leveraging Procedural Generation to Benchmark Reinforcement Learningcited by 483
  9. 2018VirtualHome: Simulating Household Activities via Programscited by 415
  10. 2019Relay Policy Learning: Solving Long-Horizon Tasks via Imitation and Reinforcement Learningcited by 384
  11. 2016Target-driven Visual Navigation in Indoor Scenes using Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 366
  12. 2017StarCraft II: A New Challenge for Reinforcement Learningcited by 274
  13. 2020Towards Continual Reinforcement Learning: A Review and Perspectivescited by 274
  14. 2017Revisiting the Arcade Learning Environment: Evaluation Protocols and Open Problems for General Agentscited by 269
  15. 2018Multi-Goal Reinforcement Learning: Challenging Robotics Environments and Request for Researchcited by 260
  16. 2020ThreeDWorld: A Platform for Interactive Multi-Modal Physical Simulationcited by 250
  17. 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 245
  18. 2018Selective Experience Replay for Lifelong Learningcited by 241
  19. 2018Re-evaluating Continual Learning Scenarios: A Categorization and Case for Strong Baselinescited by 228
  20. 2015Contextual Markov Decision Processescited by 220
  21. 2020The NetHack Learning Environmentcited by 198
  22. 2020Prioritized Level Replaycited by 198
  23. 2019Meta-Learning Representations for Continual Learningcited by 189
  24. 2016ViZDoom: A Doom-based AI Research Platform for Visual Reinforcement Learningcited by 179
  25. 2018A Study on Overfitting in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 174
  26. 2020Rearrangement: A Challenge for Embodied AIcited by 155
  27. 2020iGibson 1.0: a Simulation Environment for Interactive Tasks in Large Realistic Scenescited by 155
  28. 2019Behaviour Suite for Reinforcement Learningcited by 132
  29. 2021Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual Learningcited by 124
  30. 2018Generalization and Regularization in DQNcited by 118
  31. 2021Continual World: A Robotic Benchmark For Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 116
  32. 2018Don't forget, there is more than forgetting: new metrics for Continual Learningcited by 115
  33. 2021Why Generalization in RL is Difficult: Epistemic POMDPs and Implicit Partial Observabilitycited by 109
  34. 2021ManipulaTHOR: A Framework for Visual Object Manipulationcited by 102
  35. 2021MiniHack the Planet: A Sandbox for Open-Ended Reinforcement Learning Researchcited by 97
  36. 2020A Wholistic View of Continual Learning with Deep Neural Networks: Forgotten Lessons and the Bridge to Active and Open World Learningcited by 87
  37. 2020Transient Non-Stationarity and Generalisation in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 75
  38. 2016DeepMind Labcited by 74

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 14; 2023: 7; 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 7.

38 papers.

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  1. 2023LIBERO: Benchmarking Knowledge Transfer for Lifelong Robot Learningcited by 1,410
  2. 2021A Survey of Zero-shot Generalisation in Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 170
  3. 2024Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline Datacited by 63
  4. 2022Building a Subspace of Policies for Scalable Continual Learningcited by 28
  5. 2022Lifelong Reinforcement Learning with Modulating Maskscited by 22
  6. 2024Online Continual Learning For Interactive Instruction Following Agentscited by 22
  7. 2025A Survey of Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 18
  8. 2022The Effectiveness of World Models for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 17
  9. 2022Lifelong Learning Metricscited by 13
  10. 2023A Domain-Agnostic Approach for Characterization of Lifelong Learning Systemscited by 13
  11. 2022Dynamic Dialogue Policy for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 12
  12. 2022Beyond Supervised Continual Learning: a Reviewcited by 11
26 more
  1. 2023Multi-agent Continual Coordination via Progressive Task Contextualizationcited by 11
  2. 2025MEAL: A Benchmark for Continual Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 11
  3. 2022Continual Vision-based Reinforcement Learning with Group Symmetriescited by 10
  4. 2022Hierarchical Kickstarting for Skill Transfer in Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  5. 2022Self-Activating Neural Ensembles for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
  6. 2022L2Explorer: A Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Assessment Environmentcited by 6
  7. 2023Evaluating Continual Learning on a Home Robotcited by 5
  8. 2022A Study of Continual Learning Methods for Q-Learningcited by 3
  9. 2022System Design for an Integrated Lifelong Reinforcement Learning Agent for Real-Time Strategy Gamescited by 3
  10. 2023Continual Visual Reinforcement Learning with A Life-Long World Modelcited by 3
  11. 2024Hierarchical Subspaces of Policies for Continual Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  12. 2025The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
  13. 2025A Continual Offline Reinforcement Learning Benchmark for Navigation Taskscited by 2
  14. 2022Latent Properties of Lifelong Learning Systemscited by 1
  15. 2022Continual Reinforcement Learning with TELLAcited by 1
  16. 2024Probing for Consciousness in Machinescited by 1
  17. 2026SpecRLBench: A Benchmark for Generalization in Specification-Guided Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
  18. 2026In-Context Reinforcement Learning under Non-Stationarity: A Surveycited by 1
  19. 2023LuckyMera: a Modular AI Framework for Building Hybrid NetHack Agentscited by 0
  20. 2023Evaluating Pretrained models for Deployable Lifelong Learningcited by 0
  21. 2025Pay Attention to What and Where? Interpretable Feature Extractor in Vision-based Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  22. 2026CRoSS: A Continual Robotic Simulation Suite for Scalable Reinforcement Learning with High Task Diversity and Realistic Physics Simulationcited by 0
  23. 2026Forager: a lightweight testbed for continual learning with partial observability in RLcited by 0
  24. 2026Don't Forget the Critic: Value-Based Data Rehearsal for Multi-Cyclic Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  25. 2026Regime-Adaptive Continual Learning for Portfolio Managementcited by 0
  26. 2026Continual-RL for Generalization in Autonomous Racing on the RoboRacer Platformcited by 0