mlsanityData to 13 Oct 2026

A Recipe For Arbitrary Text Style Transfer with Large Language Models

arXiv 2109.03910 ↗First posted 8 Sep 2021cs.CLcited by 107

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Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we leverage large language models (LMs) to perform zero-shot text style transfer. We present a prompting method that we call augmented zero-shot learning, which frames style transfer as a sentence rewriting task and requires only a natural language instruction, without model fine-tuning or exemplars in the target style. Augmented zero-shot learning is simple and demonstrates promising results not just on standard style transfer tasks such as sentiment, but also on arbitrary transformations such as "make this melodramatic" or "insert a metaphor."

Key facts. Cited by 107 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 47 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Sep 2021.

Builds on

28 of 47 references.

References · 28

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,106
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,320
  3. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,893
  4. 2015Character-level Convolutional Networks for Text Classificationcited by 2,319
  5. 2021Pre-train, Prompt, and Predict: A Systematic Survey of Prompting Methods in Natural Language Processingcited by 2,229
  6. 2018SentencePiece: A simple and language independent subword tokenizer and detokenizer for Neural Text Processingcited by 1,979
  7. 2018Hierarchical Neural Story Generationcited by 1,186
  8. 2020It's Not Just Size That Matters: Small Language Models Are Also Few-Shot Learnerscited by 668
  9. 2021Prompt Programming for Large Language Models: Beyond the Few-Shot Paradigmcited by 605
  10. 2017Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Text by Cross-Alignmentcited by 247
  11. 2018Dear Sir or Madam, May I introduce the GYAFC Dataset: Corpus, Benchmarks and Metrics for Formality Style Transfercited by 211
  12. 2018Delete, Retrieve, Generate: A Simple Approach to Sentiment and Style Transfercited by 191
16 more
  1. 2020Reformulating Unsupervised Style Transfer as Paraphrase Generationcited by 182
  2. 2020Deep Learning for Text Style Transfer: A Surveycited by 161
  3. 2017Style Transfer in Text: Exploration and Evaluationcited by 146
  4. 2018Style Transfer Through Back-Translationcited by 124
  5. 2019Style Transformer: Unpaired Text Style Transfer without Disentangled Latent Representationcited by 84
  6. 2019Transforming Delete, Retrieve, Generate Approach for Controlled Text Style Transfercited by 81
  7. 2020Politeness Transfer: A Tag and Generate Approachcited by 78
  8. 2020Learning from Task Descriptionscited by 78
  9. 2019A Dual Reinforcement Learning Framework for Unsupervised Text Style Transfercited by 65
  10. 2019Evaluating Style Transfer for Textcited by 60
  11. 2018Unpaired Sentiment-to-Sentiment Translation: A Cycled Reinforcement Learning Approachcited by 55
  12. 2019Zero-shot Text Classification With Generative Language Modelscited by 55
  13. 2019IMaT: Unsupervised Text Attribute Transfer via Iterative Matching and Translationcited by 33
  14. 2018Efficient Online Scalar Annotation with Bounded Supportcited by 27
  15. 2019Revision in Continuous Space: Unsupervised Text Style Transfer without Adversarial Learningcited by 21
  16. 2021A Review of Human Evaluation for Style Transfercited by 19

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Cited by year (2026 to 13 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 27; 2023: 39; 2024: 17; 2025: 11; 2026: 9.

107 papers.

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  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,376
  2. 2022Challenging BIG-Bench Tasks and Whether Chain-of-Thought Can Solve Themcited by 1,785
  3. 2022PAL: Program-aided Language Modelscited by 647
  4. 2022RLPrompt: Optimizing Discrete Text Prompts with Reinforcement Learningcited by 363
  5. 2021AI Chains: Transparent and Controllable Human-AI Interaction by Chaining Large Language Model Promptscited by 266
  6. 2023In-context Vectors: Making In Context Learning More Effective and Controllable Through Latent Space Steeringcited by 243
  7. 2022Co-Writing Screenplays and Theatre Scripts with Language Models: An Evaluation by Industry Professionalscited by 191
  8. 2022Text and Patterns: For Effective Chain of Thought, It Takes Two to Tangocited by 128
  9. 2023SatLM: Satisfiability-Aided Language Models Using Declarative Promptingcited by 100
  10. 2023Language Model Behavior: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 92
  11. 2023Cognitive Reframing of Negative Thoughts through Human-Language Model Interactioncited by 77
  12. 2022Help me write a poem: Instruction Tuning as a Vehicle for Collaborative Poetry Writingcited by 71
38 more
  1. 2022Creative Writing with an AI-Powered Writing Assistant: Perspectives from Professional Writerscited by 69
  2. 2023CoEdIT: Text Editing by Task-Specific Instruction Tuningcited by 68
  3. 2023RewriteLM: An Instruction-Tuned Large Language Model for Text Rewritingcited by 67
  4. 2022Mix and Match: Learning-free Controllable Text Generation using Energy Language Modelscited by 66
  5. 2023ChatGPT vs Human-authored Text: Insights into Controllable Text Summarization and Sentence Style Transfercited by 50
  6. 2022Prompt-and-Rerank: A Method for Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Arbitrary Textual Style Transfer with Small Language Modelscited by 49
  7. 2023Benchmarking and Improving Generator-Validator Consistency of Language Modelscited by 44
  8. 2023SoK: Memorization in General-Purpose Large Language Modelscited by 37
  9. 2023Beyond the Chat: Executable and Verifiable Text-Editing with LLMscited by 35
  10. 2023ARIES: A Corpus of Scientific Paper Edits Made in Response to Peer Reviewscited by 34
  11. 2022A Measure-Theoretic Characterization of Tight Language Modelscited by 32
  12. 2023Bounding the Capabilities of Large Language Models in Open Text Generation with Prompt Constraintscited by 31
  13. 2024Undesirable Memorization in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 29
  14. 2022Causally Testing Gender Bias in LLMs: A Case Study on Occupational Biascited by 28
  15. 2023Don't lose the message while paraphrasing: A study on content preserving style transfercited by 25
  16. 2022CORE: A Retrieve-then-Edit Framework for Counterfactual Data Generationcited by 23
  17. 2023The AI Ghostwriter Effect: When Users Do Not Perceive Ownership of AI-Generated Text But Self-Declare as Authorscited by 22
  18. 2023Instruction Tuned Models are Quick Learnerscited by 21
  19. 2021Few-shot Controllable Style Transfer for Low-Resource Multilingual Settingscited by 20
  20. 2022WeLM: A Well-Read Pre-trained Language Model for Chinesecited by 19
  21. 2023ParaGuide: Guided Diffusion Paraphrasers for Plug-and-Play Textual Style Transfercited by 18
  22. 2022HELP ME THINK: A Simple Prompting Strategy for Non-experts to Create Customized Content with Modelscited by 17
  23. 2022How Many Data Samples is an Additional Instruction Worth?cited by 16
  24. 2023Prompt-Based Editing for Text Style Transfercited by 16
  25. 2023Med-EASi: Finely Annotated Dataset and Models for Controllable Simplification of Medical Textscited by 16
  26. 2022Boosting Natural Language Generation from Instructions with Meta-Learningcited by 15
  27. 2023Controlling Personality Style in Dialogue with Zero-Shot Prompt-Based Learningcited by 14
  28. 2023A Call for Standardization and Validation of Text Style Transfer Evaluationcited by 14
  29. 2023STEER: Unified Style Transfer with Expert Reinforcementcited by 14
  30. 2024"It was 80% me, 20% AI": Seeking Authenticity in Co-Writing with Large Language Modelscited by 14
  31. 2022Flexible text generation for counterfactual fairness probingcited by 13
  32. 2024Are Large Language Models Actually Good at Text Style Transfer?cited by 13
  33. 2024Synthetic Data Generation with LLM for Improved Depression Predictioncited by 13
  34. 2024A Piece of Theatre: Investigating How Teachers Design LLM Chatbots to Assist Adolescent Cyberbullying Educationcited by 12
  35. 2024Learning to Plan for Language Modeling from Unlabeled Datacited by 12
  36. 2022Non-Parallel Text Style Transfer with Self-Parallel Supervisioncited by 11
  37. 2025LLM-Friendly Knowledge Representation for Customer Supportcited by 11
  38. 2023In-context Learning as Maintaining Coherency: A Study of On-the-fly Machine Translation Using Large Language Modelscited by 10

50 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)