Efficient Online Scalar Annotation with Bounded Support
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Abstract (arXiv)
We describe a novel method for efficiently eliciting scalar annotations for dataset construction and system quality estimation by human judgments. We contrast direct assessment (annotators assign scores to items directly), online pairwise ranking aggregation (scores derive from annotator comparison of items), and a hybrid approach (EASL: Efficient Annotation of Scalar Labels) proposed here. Our proposal leads to increased correlation with ground truth, at far greater annotator efficiency, suggesting this strategy as an improved mechanism for dataset creation and manual system evaluation.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Jun 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 8; 2023: 4; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 4.
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- 2022Revisiting the Gold Standard: Grounding Summarization Evaluation with Robust Human Evaluationcited by 141
- 2021A Recipe For Arbitrary Text Style Transfer with Large Language Modelscited by 107
- 2022SQuALITY: Building a Long-Document Summarization Dataset the Hard Waycited by 50
- 2022Grammatical Error Correction: A Survey of the State of the Artcited by 43
- 2021TellMeWhy: A Dataset for Answering Why-Questions in Narrativescited by 27
- 2021GENIE: Toward Reproducible and Standardized Human Evaluation for Text Generationcited by 20
- 2022Czech Grammar Error Correction with a Large and Diverse Corpuscited by 17
- 2023Zero and Few-shot Semantic Parsing with Ambiguous Inputscited by 16
- 2022Recent Advances in Neural Text Generation: A Task-Agnostic Surveycited by 14
- 2022Ambiguous Images With Human Judgments for Robust Visual Event Classificationcited by 12
- 2023Using Natural Language Explanations to Rescale Human Judgmentscited by 11
- 2026Pearmut: Human Evaluation of Translation Made Trivialcited by 11
15 more
- 2022Active Evaluation: Efficient NLG Evaluation with Few Pairwise Comparisonscited by 10
- 2025Measuring Scalar Constructs in Social Science with LLMscited by 8
- 2021How to Evaluate a Summarizer: Study Design and Statistical Analysis for Manual Linguistic Quality Evaluationcited by 7
- 2023Analyzing the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 7
- 2022What to Read in a Contract? Party-Specific Summarization of Legal Obligations, Entitlements, and Prohibitionscited by 5
- 2021Input Augmentation Improves Constrained Beam Search for Neural Machine Translation: NTT at WAT 2021cited by 4
- 2023No Strong Feelings One Way or Another: Re-operationalizing Neutrality in Natural Language Inferencecited by 4
- 2024Better than Random: Reliable NLG Human Evaluation with Constrained Active Samplingcited by 4
- 2021On User Interfaces for Large-Scale Document-Level Human Evaluation of Machine Translation Outputscited by 3
- 2024Defeasible Visual Entailment: Benchmark, Evaluator, and Reward-Driven Optimizationcited by 3
- 2024Baby Bear: Seeking a Just Right Rating Scale for Scalar Annotationscited by 1
- 2026PEAR: Pairwise Evaluation for Automatic Relative Scoring in Machine Translationcited by 1
- 2026Contrastive ESA: Human Evaluation of Multiple Translations at Oncecited by 1
- 2025Time Is Effort: Estimating Human Post-Editing Time for Grammar Error Correction Tool Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026Dynamically Allocating Evaluation Effort for Model Rankingcited by 0
- 2026Dynamically Allocating Evaluation Effort for Model Ranking4 Aug 2026
- 2026Contrastive ESA: Human Evaluation of Multiple Translations at Once29 Jul 2026
- 2026PEAR: Pairwise Evaluation for Automatic Relative Scoring in Machine Translation25 Jan 2026
- 2026Pearmut: Human Evaluation of Translation Made Trivial6 Jan 2026
- 2025Time Is Effort: Estimating Human Post-Editing Time for Grammar Error Correction Tool Evaluation5 Oct 2025
- 2025Measuring Scalar Constructs in Social Science with LLMs3 Sep 2025
- 2024Defeasible Visual Entailment: Benchmark, Evaluator, and Reward-Driven Optimization19 Dec 2024
- 2024Baby Bear: Seeking a Just Right Rating Scale for Scalar Annotations19 Aug 2024
- 2024Better than Random: Reliable NLG Human Evaluation with Constrained Active Sampling12 Jun 2024
- 2023No Strong Feelings One Way or Another: Re-operationalizing Neutrality in Natural Language Inference16 Jun 2023
- 2023Zero and Few-shot Semantic Parsing with Ambiguous Inputs1 Jun 2023
- 2023Using Natural Language Explanations to Rescale Human Judgments24 May 2023
15 more
- 2023Analyzing the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in Grammatical Error Correction25 Mar 2023
- 2022What to Read in a Contract? Party-Specific Summarization of Legal Obligations, Entitlements, and Prohibitions19 Dec 2022
- 2022Revisiting the Gold Standard: Grounding Summarization Evaluation with Robust Human Evaluation15 Dec 2022
- 2022Grammatical Error Correction: A Survey of the State of the Art9 Nov 2022
- 2022Ambiguous Images With Human Judgments for Robust Visual Event Classification6 Oct 2022
- 2022SQuALITY: Building a Long-Document Summarization Dataset the Hard Way23 May 2022
- 2022Active Evaluation: Efficient NLG Evaluation with Few Pairwise Comparisons11 Mar 2022
- 2022Recent Advances in Neural Text Generation: A Task-Agnostic Survey6 Mar 2022
- 2022Czech Grammar Error Correction with a Large and Diverse Corpus14 Jan 2022
- 2021A Recipe For Arbitrary Text Style Transfer with Large Language Models8 Sep 2021
- 2021TellMeWhy: A Dataset for Answering Why-Questions in Narratives11 Jun 2021
- 2021Input Augmentation Improves Constrained Beam Search for Neural Machine Translation: NTT at WAT 202110 Jun 2021
- 2021On User Interfaces for Large-Scale Document-Level Human Evaluation of Machine Translation Outputs21 Apr 2021
- 2021How to Evaluate a Summarizer: Study Design and Statistical Analysis for Manual Linguistic Quality Evaluation27 Jan 2021
- 2021GENIE: Toward Reproducible and Standardized Human Evaluation for Text Generation17 Jan 2021
- 2022Revisiting the Gold Standard: Grounding Summarization Evaluation with Robust Human Evaluationcited by 141
- 2021A Recipe For Arbitrary Text Style Transfer with Large Language Modelscited by 107
- 2022SQuALITY: Building a Long-Document Summarization Dataset the Hard Waycited by 50
- 2022Grammatical Error Correction: A Survey of the State of the Artcited by 43
- 2021TellMeWhy: A Dataset for Answering Why-Questions in Narrativescited by 27
- 2021GENIE: Toward Reproducible and Standardized Human Evaluation for Text Generationcited by 20
- 2022Czech Grammar Error Correction with a Large and Diverse Corpuscited by 17
- 2023Zero and Few-shot Semantic Parsing with Ambiguous Inputscited by 16
- 2022Recent Advances in Neural Text Generation: A Task-Agnostic Surveycited by 14
- 2022Ambiguous Images With Human Judgments for Robust Visual Event Classificationcited by 12
- 2023Using Natural Language Explanations to Rescale Human Judgmentscited by 11
- 2026Pearmut: Human Evaluation of Translation Made Trivialcited by 11
12 most cited of 26 All 26 (JSON)
- 2026Dynamically Allocating Evaluation Effort for Model Ranking4 Aug 2026
- 2026Contrastive ESA: Human Evaluation of Multiple Translations at Once29 Jul 2026
- 2026PEAR: Pairwise Evaluation for Automatic Relative Scoring in Machine Translation25 Jan 2026
- 2026Pearmut: Human Evaluation of Translation Made Trivial6 Jan 2026
- 2025Time Is Effort: Estimating Human Post-Editing Time for Grammar Error Correction Tool Evaluation5 Oct 2025
- 2025Measuring Scalar Constructs in Social Science with LLMs3 Sep 2025
- 2024Defeasible Visual Entailment: Benchmark, Evaluator, and Reward-Driven Optimization19 Dec 2024
- 2024Baby Bear: Seeking a Just Right Rating Scale for Scalar Annotations19 Aug 2024
- 2024Better than Random: Reliable NLG Human Evaluation with Constrained Active Sampling12 Jun 2024
- 2023Zero and Few-shot Semantic Parsing with Ambiguous Inputs1 Jun 2023
- 2023Using Natural Language Explanations to Rescale Human Judgments24 May 2023
- 2023Analyzing the Performance of GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in Grammatical Error Correction25 Mar 2023
12 newest of 26 All 26 (JSON)