Non-Parallel Text Style Transfer with Self-Parallel Supervision
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
The performance of existing text style transfer models is severely limited by the non-parallel datasets on which the models are trained. In non-parallel datasets, no direct mapping exists between sentences of the source and target style; the style transfer models thus only receive weak supervision of the target sentences during training, which often leads the model to discard too much style-independent information, or utterly fail to transfer the style. In this work, we propose LaMer, a novel text style transfer framework based on large-scale language models. LaMer first mines the roughly parallel expressions in the non-parallel datasets with scene graphs, and then employs MLE training, followed by imitation learning refinement, to leverage the intrinsic parallelism within the data. On two benchmark tasks (sentiment & formality transfer) and a newly proposed challenging task (political stance transfer), our model achieves qualitative advances in transfer accuracy, content preservation, and fluency. Further empirical and human evaluations demonstrate that our model not only makes training more efficient, but also generates more readable and diverse expressions than previous models.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Apr 2022.
Builds on
51 of 71 references.
References · 51
- 2019RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approachcited by 13,266
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,160
- 2019Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networkscited by 9,049
- 2019BART: Denoising Sequence-to-Sequence Pre-training for Natural Language Generation, Translation, and Comprehensioncited by 5,874
- 2018Soft Actor-Critic: Off-Policy Maximum Entropy Deep Reinforcement Learning with a Stochastic Actorcited by 4,635
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
- 2018Addressing Function Approximation Error in Actor-Critic Methodscited by 2,302
- 2021SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddingscited by 2,168
- 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,126
- 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,922
- 2021Scaling Language Models: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Training Gophercited by 1,199
- 2020Language (Technology) is Power: A Critical Survey of "Bias" in NLPcited by 951
38 more
- 2016SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluationcited by 820
- 2015Scheduled Sampling for Sequence Prediction with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 779
- 2019Latent Retrieval for Weakly Supervised Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 691
- 2015Sequence Level Training with Recurrent Neural Networkscited by 568
- 2016Self-critical Sequence Training for Image Captioningcited by 544
- 2017Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Text by Cross-Alignmentcited by 246
- 2018Dear Sir or Madam, May I introduce the GYAFC Dataset: Corpus, Benchmarks and Metrics for Formality Style Transfercited by 209
- 2018Delete, Retrieve, Generate: A Simple Approach to Sentiment and Style Transfercited by 191
- 2020Reformulating Unsupervised Style Transfer as Paraphrase Generationcited by 181
- 2015Sequence to Sequence -- Video to Textcited by 157
- 2017Style Transfer in Text: Exploration and Evaluationcited by 145
- 2018Disentangled Representation Learning for Non-Parallel Text Style Transfercited by 127
- 2017Understanding Abuse: A Typology of Abusive Language Detection Subtaskscited by 115
- 2020Spatio-Temporal Graph for Video Captioning with Knowledge Distillationcited by 109
- 2021A Recipe For Arbitrary Text Style Transfer with Large Language Modelscited by 107
- 2020Pre-training via Paraphrasingcited by 92
- 2020Say As You Wish: Fine-grained Control of Image Caption Generation with Abstract Scene Graphscited by 87
- 2019Style Transformer: Unpaired Text Style Transfer without Disentangled Latent Representationcited by 84
- 2019Transforming Delete, Retrieve, Generate Approach for Controlled Text Style Transfercited by 81
- 2021Mitigating Political Bias in Language Models Through Reinforced Calibrationcited by 73
- 2020A Probabilistic Formulation of Unsupervised Text Style Transfercited by 70
- 2019A Dual Reinforcement Learning Framework for Unsupervised Text Style Transfercited by 65
- 2019Evaluating Style Transfer for Textcited by 59
- 2017Paraphrase Generation with Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 58
- 2020Data Boost: Text Data Augmentation Through Reinforcement Learning Guided Conditional Generationcited by 47
- 2020TextSETTR: Few-Shot Text Style Extraction and Tunable Targeted Restylingcited by 39
- 2019Reinforcement Learning Based Text Style Transfer without Parallel Training Corpuscited by 38
- 2020Unsupervised Text Generation by Learning from Searchcited by 36
- 2019Controllable Unsupervised Text Attribute Transfer via Editing Entangled Latent Representationcited by 34
- 2019IMaT: Unsupervised Text Attribute Transfer via Iterative Matching and Translationcited by 33
- 2020A Framework for the Computational Linguistic Analysis of Dehumanizationcited by 31
- 2020Paraphrase Generation with Latent Bag of Wordscited by 27
- 2019Revision in Continuous Space: Unsupervised Text Style Transfer without Adversarial Learningcited by 21
- 2021Enhancing Content Preservation in Text Style Transfer Using Reverse Attention and Conditional Layer Normalizationcited by 20
- 2017The Case for Being Average: A Mediocrity Approach to Style Masking and Author Obfuscationcited by 15
- 2022Knowledge Infused Decodingcited by 12
- 2019Rethinking Text Attribute Transfer: A Lexical Analysiscited by 10
- 2021Political Depolarization of News Articles Using Attribute-aware Word Embeddingscited by 9
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 1; 2023: 5; 2024: 3; 2025: 2.
11 papers.
- 2023Second Thoughts are Best: Learning to Re-Align With Human Values from Text Editscited by 27
- 2023Boosting Distress Support Dialogue Responses with Motivational Interviewing Strategycited by 15
- 2023STEER: Unified Style Transfer with Expert Reinforcementcited by 14
- 2024Distilling Text Style Transfer With Self-Explanation From LLMscited by 12
- 2024DetoxLLM: A Framework for Detoxification with Explanationscited by 10
- 2023Prefix-Tuning Based Unsupervised Text Style Transfercited by 6
- 2023Translating away Translationese without Parallel Datacited by 5
- 2024GPT-DETOX: An In-Context Learning-Based Paraphraser for Text Detoxificationcited by 2
- 2025GradEscape: A Gradient-Based Evader Against AI-Generated Text Detectorscited by 2
- 2025One Agent to Serve All: a Lite-Adaptive Stylized AI Assistant for Millions of Multi-Style Official Accountscited by 1
- 2022SimpleStyle: An Adaptable Style Transfer Approachcited by 0
- 2025One Agent to Serve All: a Lite-Adaptive Stylized AI Assistant for Millions of Multi-Style Official Accounts22 Sep 2025
- 2025GradEscape: A Gradient-Based Evader Against AI-Generated Text Detectors9 Jun 2025
- 2024GPT-DETOX: An In-Context Learning-Based Paraphraser for Text Detoxification3 Apr 2024
- 2024Distilling Text Style Transfer With Self-Explanation From LLMs2 Mar 2024
- 2024DetoxLLM: A Framework for Detoxification with Explanations25 Feb 2024
- 2023STEER: Unified Style Transfer with Expert Reinforcement13 Nov 2023
- 2023Translating away Translationese without Parallel Data28 Oct 2023
- 2023Prefix-Tuning Based Unsupervised Text Style Transfer23 Oct 2023
- 2023Boosting Distress Support Dialogue Responses with Motivational Interviewing Strategy17 May 2023
- 2023Second Thoughts are Best: Learning to Re-Align With Human Values from Text Edits1 Jan 2023
- 2022SimpleStyle: An Adaptable Style Transfer Approach20 Dec 2022
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translation
- 2023Fine-grained Text Style Transfer with Diffusion-Based Language Models
- 2023ParaGuide: Guided Diffusion Paraphrasers for Plug-and-Play Textual Style Transfer
- 2024Style Transfer with Multi-iteration Preference Optimization
- 2024FreeStyle: Free Lunch for Text-guided Style Transfer using Diffusion Models
- 2023ICLEF: In-Context Learning with Expert Feedback for Explainable Style Transfer
- 2026StyleShield: Exposing the Fragility of AIGC Detectors through Continuous Controllable Style Transfer
- 2025ArtCrafter: Text-Image Aligning Style Transfer via Embedding Reframing