Towards an On-device Agent for Text Rewriting
On the map: LLM agents and tool use → General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities for text rewriting. Nonetheless, the large sizes of these models make them impractical for on-device inference, which would otherwise allow for enhanced privacy and economical inference. Creating a smaller yet potent language model for text rewriting presents a formidable challenge because it requires balancing the need for a small size with the need to retain the emergent capabilities of the LLM, that requires costly data collection. To address the above challenge, we introduce a new instruction tuning approach for building a mobile-centric text rewriting model. Our strategies enable the generation of high quality training data without any human labeling. In addition, we propose a heuristic reinforcement learning framework which substantially enhances performance without requiring preference data. To further bridge the performance gap with the larger server-side model, we propose an effective approach that combines the mobile rewrite agent with the server model using a cascade. To tailor the text rewriting tasks to mobile scenarios, we introduce MessageRewriteEval, a benchmark that focuses on text rewriting for messages through natural language instructions. Through empirical experiments, we demonstrate that our on-device model surpasses the current state-of-the-art LLMs in text rewriting while maintaining a significantly reduced model size. Notably, we show that our proposed cascading approach improves model performance.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in General LLM agent frameworks and benchmarks, one of 16 directions in LLM agents and tool use. Builds on 51 of its 65 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Aug 2023.
Builds on
51 of 65 references.
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50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
7 papers.
- 2024Mobile Edge Intelligence for Large Language Models: A Contemporary Surveycited by 125
- 2024Prompt Public Large Language Models to Synthesize Data for Private On-device Applicationscited by 17
- 2024Privacy-preserved LLM Cascade via CoT-enhanced Policy Learningcited by 8
- 2024Proofread: Fixes All Errors with One Tapcited by 4
- 2025Synthesizing and Adapting Error Correction Data for Mobile Large Language Model Applicationscited by 2
- 2025WRAVAL -- WRiting Assist eVALuationcited by 0
- 2026Short-form Text Rewriting with Phi Silicacited by 0
- 2026Short-form Text Rewriting with Phi Silica30 May 2026
- 2025WRAVAL -- WRiting Assist eVALuation19 Dec 2025
- 2025Synthesizing and Adapting Error Correction Data for Mobile Large Language Model Applications24 May 2025
- 2024Privacy-preserved LLM Cascade via CoT-enhanced Policy Learning10 Oct 2024
- 2024Mobile Edge Intelligence for Large Language Models: A Contemporary Survey9 Jul 2024
- 2024Proofread: Fixes All Errors with One Tap6 Jun 2024
- 2024Prompt Public Large Language Models to Synthesize Data for Private On-device Applications5 Apr 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Dr Genre: Reinforcement Learning from Decoupled LLM Feedback for Generic Text Rewriting
- 2025LongWriter-Zero: Mastering Ultra-Long Text Generation via Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Rewrite What Matters: Adaptive Multilingual Query Rewriting for Reasoning via Agentic Reinforcement Learning
- 2026Patch the Distribution Mismatch: RL Rewriting Agent for Stable Off-Policy SFT
- 2025SuperWriter: Reflection-Driven Long-Form Generation with Large Language Models
- 2026ReToolSQL: Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Robust Text-to-SQL
- 2026TAPR: Enhancing LLM Performance with a Task-Aware Prompt Rewriter
- 2023Query Rewriting for Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models