Are Large Language Models Actually Good at Text Style Transfer?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
We analyze the performance of large language models (LLMs) on Text Style Transfer (TST), specifically focusing on sentiment transfer and text detoxification across three languages: English, Hindi, and Bengali. Text Style Transfer involves modifying the linguistic style of a text while preserving its core content. We evaluate the capabilities of pre-trained LLMs using zero-shot and few-shot prompting as well as parameter-efficient finetuning on publicly available datasets. Our evaluation using automatic metrics, GPT-4 and human evaluations reveals that while some prompted LLMs perform well in English, their performance in on other languages (Hindi, Bengali) remains average. However, finetuning significantly improves results compared to zero-shot and few-shot prompting, making them comparable to previous state-of-the-art. This underscores the necessity of dedicated datasets and specialized models for effective TST.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Jun 2024.
Builds on
22 of 41 references.
References · 22
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,380
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
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- 2021Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 1,470
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- 2023The RefinedWeb Dataset for Falcon LLM: Outperforming Curated Corpora with Web Data, and Web Data Onlycited by 763
- 2024DoRA: Weight-Decomposed Low-Rank Adaptationcited by 758
- 2020Language-agnostic BERT Sentence Embeddingcited by 627
- 2023Zephyr: Direct Distillation of LM Alignmentcited by 506
10 more
- 2023Large Language Models Are State-of-the-Art Evaluators of Translation Qualitycited by 420
- 2018Delete, Retrieve, Generate: A Simple Approach to Sentiment and Style Transfercited by 191
- 2020Deep Learning for Text Style Transfer: A Surveycited by 162
- 2018Style Transfer Through Back-Translationcited by 124
- 2021A Recipe For Arbitrary Text Style Transfer with Large Language Modelscited by 107
- 2022Prompt-and-Rerank: A Method for Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Arbitrary Textual Style Transfer with Small Language Modelscited by 49
- 2023TwistList: Resources and Baselines for Tongue Twister Generationcited by 16
- 2024Text Detoxification as Style Transfer in English and Hindicited by 11
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- 2023Balancing the Style-Content Trade-Off in Sentiment Transfer Using Polarity-Aware Denoisingcited by 7
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 3.
13 papers.
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- 2024Multilingual and Explainable Text Detoxification with Parallel Corporacited by 12
- 2024Attacking Misinformation Detection Using Adversarial Examples Generated by Language Modelscited by 10
- 2025Evaluating Text Style Transfer Evaluation: Are There Any Reliable Metrics?cited by 7
- 2024Text Style Transfer: An Introductory Overviewcited by 5
- 2025Mind the Style Gap: Meta-Evaluation of Style and Attribute Transfer Metricscited by 2
- 2025Classic4Children: Adapting Chinese Literary Classics for Children with Large Language Modelcited by 1
- 2025Transferring Extreme Subword Style Using Ngram Model-Based Logit Scalingcited by 1
- 2025One Agent to Serve All: a Lite-Adaptive Stylized AI Assistant for Millions of Multi-Style Official Accountscited by 1
- 2024A Survey of Text Style Transfer: Applications and Ethical Implicationscited by 0
- 2025<think> So let's replace this phrase with insult... </think> Lessons learned from generation of toxic texts with LLMscited by 0
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translationcited by 0
- 2026Authorship Impersonation via LLM Prompting does not Evade Authorship Verification Methodscited by 0
1 more
- 2026Headlines You Won't Forget: Can Pronoun Insertion Increase Memorability?21 Apr 2026
- 2026Authorship Impersonation via LLM Prompting does not Evade Authorship Verification Methods31 Mar 2026
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translation16 Feb 2026
- 2025One Agent to Serve All: a Lite-Adaptive Stylized AI Assistant for Millions of Multi-Style Official Accounts22 Sep 2025
- 2025<think> So let's replace this phrase with insult... </think> Lessons learned from generation of toxic texts with LLMs10 Sep 2025
- 2025Transferring Extreme Subword Style Using Ngram Model-Based Logit Scaling11 Mar 2025
- 2025Mind the Style Gap: Meta-Evaluation of Style and Attribute Transfer Metrics20 Feb 2025
- 2025Evaluating Text Style Transfer Evaluation: Are There Any Reliable Metrics?7 Feb 2025
- 2025Classic4Children: Adapting Chinese Literary Classics for Children with Large Language Model3 Feb 2025
- 2024Multilingual and Explainable Text Detoxification with Parallel Corpora16 Dec 2024
- 2024Attacking Misinformation Detection Using Adversarial Examples Generated by Language Models28 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey of Text Style Transfer: Applications and Ethical Implications23 Jul 2024
1 more
- 2024Text Style Transfer: An Introductory Overview20 Jul 2024
- 2024Multilingual and Explainable Text Detoxification with Parallel Corporacited by 12
- 2024Attacking Misinformation Detection Using Adversarial Examples Generated by Language Modelscited by 10
- 2025Evaluating Text Style Transfer Evaluation: Are There Any Reliable Metrics?cited by 7
- 2024Text Style Transfer: An Introductory Overviewcited by 5
- 2025Mind the Style Gap: Meta-Evaluation of Style and Attribute Transfer Metricscited by 2
- 2025Classic4Children: Adapting Chinese Literary Classics for Children with Large Language Modelcited by 1
- 2025Transferring Extreme Subword Style Using Ngram Model-Based Logit Scalingcited by 1
- 2025One Agent to Serve All: a Lite-Adaptive Stylized AI Assistant for Millions of Multi-Style Official Accountscited by 1
- 2024A Survey of Text Style Transfer: Applications and Ethical Implicationscited by 0
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translationcited by 0
- 2026Authorship Impersonation via LLM Prompting does not Evade Authorship Verification Methodscited by 0
- 2026Headlines You Won't Forget: Can Pronoun Insertion Increase Memorability?cited by 0
- 2026Headlines You Won't Forget: Can Pronoun Insertion Increase Memorability?21 Apr 2026
- 2026Authorship Impersonation via LLM Prompting does not Evade Authorship Verification Methods31 Mar 2026
- 2026RT-SFT: Text Style Transfer from Non-Parallel Corpora by Roundtrip Translation16 Feb 2026
- 2025One Agent to Serve All: a Lite-Adaptive Stylized AI Assistant for Millions of Multi-Style Official Accounts22 Sep 2025
- 2025Transferring Extreme Subword Style Using Ngram Model-Based Logit Scaling11 Mar 2025
- 2025Mind the Style Gap: Meta-Evaluation of Style and Attribute Transfer Metrics20 Feb 2025
- 2025Evaluating Text Style Transfer Evaluation: Are There Any Reliable Metrics?7 Feb 2025
- 2025Classic4Children: Adapting Chinese Literary Classics for Children with Large Language Model3 Feb 2025
- 2024Multilingual and Explainable Text Detoxification with Parallel Corpora16 Dec 2024
- 2024Attacking Misinformation Detection Using Adversarial Examples Generated by Language Models28 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey of Text Style Transfer: Applications and Ethical Implications23 Jul 2024
- 2024Text Style Transfer: An Introductory Overview20 Jul 2024