Contrastive Learning of Generalized Game Representations
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Abstract (arXiv)
Representing games through their pixels offers a promising approach for building general-purpose and versatile game models. While games are not merely images, neural network models trained on game pixels often capture differences of the visual style of the image rather than the content of the game. As a result, such models cannot generalize well even within similar games of the same genre. In this paper we build on recent advances in contrastive learning and showcase its benefits for representation learning in games. Learning to contrast images of games not only classifies games in a more efficient manner; it also yields models that separate games in a more meaningful fashion by ignoring the visual style and focusing, instead, on their content. Our results in a large dataset of sports video games containing 100k images across 175 games and 10 game genres suggest that contrastive learning is better suited for learning generalized game representations compared to conventional supervised learning. The findings of this study bring us closer to universal visual encoders for games that can be reused across previously unseen games without requiring retraining or fine-tuning.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Jun 2021.
Builds on
24 of 38 references.
References · 24
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12 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 3; 2025: 2.
11 papers.
- 2022CLIP meets GamePhysics: Towards bug identification in gameplay videos using zero-shot transfer learningcited by 15
- 2022Domain Generalization -- A Causal Perspectivecited by 14
- 2023Affective Game Computing: A Surveycited by 11
- 2022Learning Task-Independent Game State Representations from Unlabeled Imagescited by 6
- 2024BehAVE: Behaviour Alignment of Video Game Encodingscited by 5
- 2024Text-Guided Image Clusteringcited by 5
- 2023Towards General Game Representations: Decomposing Games Pixels into Content and Stylecited by 3
- 2025Can Large Language Models Capture Video Game Engagement?cited by 2
- 2023PartitionVAE -- a human-interpretable VAEcited by 0
- 2024Future Research Avenues for Artificial Intelligence in Digital Gaming: An Exploratory Reportcited by 0
- 2025Game-invariant Features Through Contrastive and Domain-adversarial Learningcited by 0
- 2025Game-invariant Features Through Contrastive and Domain-adversarial Learning22 May 2025
- 2025Can Large Language Models Capture Video Game Engagement?5 Feb 2025
- 2024Future Research Avenues for Artificial Intelligence in Digital Gaming: An Exploratory Report18 Dec 2024
- 2024Text-Guided Image Clustering5 Feb 2024
- 2024BehAVE: Behaviour Alignment of Video Game Encodings2 Feb 2024
- 2023Affective Game Computing: A Survey25 Sep 2023
- 2023Towards General Game Representations: Decomposing Games Pixels into Content and Style20 Jul 2023
- 2023PartitionVAE -- a human-interpretable VAE4 Feb 2023
- 2022Domain Generalization -- A Causal Perspective30 Sep 2022
- 2022Learning Task-Independent Game State Representations from Unlabeled Images13 Jun 2022
- 2022CLIP meets GamePhysics: Towards bug identification in gameplay videos using zero-shot transfer learning21 Mar 2022