mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Visiting the Invisible: Layer-by-Layer Completed Scene Decomposition

arXiv 2104.05367 ↗First posted 12 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 23

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Abstract (arXiv)

Existing scene understanding systems mainly focus on recognizing the visible parts of a scene, ignoring the intact appearance of physical objects in the real-world. Concurrently, image completion has aimed to create plausible appearance for the invisible regions, but requires a manual mask as input. In this work, we propose a higher-level scene understanding system to tackle both visible and invisible parts of objects and backgrounds in a given scene. Particularly, we built a system to decompose a scene into individual objects, infer their underlying occlusion relationships, and even automatically learn which parts of the objects are occluded that need to be completed. In order to disentangle the occluded relationships of all objects in a complex scene, we use the fact that the front object without being occluded is easy to be identified, detected, and segmented. Our system interleaves the two tasks of instance segmentation and scene completion through multiple iterations, solving for objects layer-by-layer. We first provide a thorough experiment using a new realistically rendered dataset with ground-truths for all invisible regions. To bridge the domain gap to real imagery where ground-truths are unavailable, we then train another model with the pseudo-ground-truths generated from our trained synthesis model. We demonstrate results on a wide variety of datasets and show significant improvement over the state-of-the-art.

Key facts. Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 43 of its 71 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Apr 2021.

Builds on

43 of 71 references.

References · 43

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31 more
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 3; 2024: 5; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.

23 papers.

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  1. 2025Amodal3R: Amodal 3D Reconstruction from Occluded 2D Imagescited by 52
  2. 2023Amodal Ground Truth and Completion in the Wildcited by 43
  3. 2023Amodal Completion via Progressive Mixed Context Diffusioncited by 38
  4. 2024MULAN: A Multi Layer Annotated Dataset for Controllable Text-to-Image Generationcited by 38
  5. 2025LayerD: Decomposing Raster Graphic Designs into Layerscited by 20
  6. 2022Image Amodal Completion: A Surveycited by 18
  7. 2024Open-World Amodal Appearance Completioncited by 18
  8. 2024Object-level Scene Deocclusioncited by 17
  9. 2025Visual Jenga: Discovering Object Dependencies via Counterfactual Inpaintingcited by 11
  10. 2024Repositioning the Subject within Imagecited by 6
  11. 2022High-Quality Pluralistic Image Completion via Code Shared VQGANcited by 5
  12. 2025Unveiling the Invisible: Reasoning Complex Occlusions Amodally with AURAcited by 3
11 more
  1. 2026Referring Layer Decompositioncited by 3
  2. 2025SynergyAmodal: Deocclude Anything with Text Controlcited by 2
  3. 2026See-through: Single-image Layer Decomposition for Anime Characterscited by 2
  4. 2022BBBD: Bounding Box Based Detector for Occlusion Detection and Order Recoverycited by 1
  5. 2023SynTable: A Synthetic Data Generation Pipeline for Unseen Object Amodal Instance Segmentation of Cluttered Tabletop Scenescited by 1
  6. 2024Sequential Amodal Segmentation via Cumulative Occlusion Learningcited by 1
  7. 2025Shape Distribution Matters: Shape-specific Mixture-of-Experts for Amodal Segmentation under Diverse Occlusionscited by 1
  8. 2025Stable Diffusion-Based Approach for Human De-Occlusioncited by 1
  9. 2025Single Point, Full Mask: Velocity-Guided Level Set Evolution for End-to-End Amodal Segmentationcited by 0
  10. 2026PHAC: Promptable Human Amodal Completioncited by 0
  11. 2026SemLayer: Semantic-aware Generative Segmentation and Layer Construction for Abstract Iconscited by 0