DG-Font: Deformable Generative Networks for Unsupervised Font Generation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Font generation is a challenging problem especially for some writing systems that consist of a large number of characters and has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. However, existing methods for font generation are often in supervised learning. They require a large number of paired data, which is labor-intensive and expensive to collect. Besides, common image-to-image translation models often define style as the set of textures and colors, which cannot be directly applied to font generation. To address these problems, we propose novel deformable generative networks for unsupervised font generation (DGFont). We introduce a feature deformation skip connection (FDSC) which predicts pairs of displacement maps and employs the predicted maps to apply deformable convolution to the low-level feature maps from the content encoder. The outputs of FDSC are fed into a mixer to generate the final results. Taking advantage of FDSC, the mixer outputs a high-quality character with a complete structure. To further improve the quality of generated images, we use three deformable convolution layers in the content encoder to learn style-invariant feature representations. Experiments demonstrate that our model generates characters in higher quality than state-of-art methods. The source code is available at https://github.com/ecnuycxie/DG-Font.
Key facts. Cited by 70 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 7 Apr 2021.
Builds on
46 of 62 references.
References · 46
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 17; 2023: 18; 2024: 15; 2025: 10; 2026: 9.
70 papers.
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- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learningcited by 48
- 2023Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Modelcited by 41
- 2022Diff-Font: Diffusion Model for Robust One-Shot Font Generationcited by 40
- 2023Disentangling Writer and Character Styles for Handwriting Generationcited by 35
- 2022Few-Shot Font Generation by Learning Fine-Grained Local Stylescited by 34
- 2023GlyphDraw: Seamlessly Rendering Text with Intricate Spatial Structures in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 34
- 2022Look Closer to Supervise Better: One-Shot Font Generation via Component-Based Discriminatorcited by 32
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
- 2023DeepVecFont-v2: Exploiting Transformers to Synthesize Vector Fonts with Higher Qualitycited by 27
- 2023CF-Font: Content Fusion for Few-shot Font Generationcited by 26
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
- 2022XMP-Font: Self-Supervised Cross-Modality Pre-training for Few-Shot Font Generationcited by 18
38 more
- 2023TextPainter: Multimodal Text Image Generation with Visual-harmony and Text-comprehension for Poster Designcited by 18
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
- 2023AGTGAN: Unpaired Image Translation for Photographic Ancient Character Generationcited by 17
- 2022SGBANet: Semantic GAN and Balanced Attention Network for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
- 2023Zero-shot Generation of Training Data with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognitioncited by 10
- 2024Intelligent Artistic Typography: A Comprehensive Review of Artistic Text Design and Generationcited by 9
- 2023Few shot font generation via transferring similarity guided global style and quantization local stylecited by 8
- 2021Few-shot Font Generation with Weakly Supervised Localized Representationscited by 7
- 2024Decoupling Layout from Glyph in Online Chinese Handwriting Generationcited by 7
- 2022Font Generation with Missing Impression Labelscited by 6
- 2022SE-GAN: Skeleton Enhanced GAN-based Model for Brush Handwriting Font Generationcited by 6
- 2022GenText: Unsupervised Artistic Text Generation via Decoupled Font and Texture Manipulationcited by 6
- 2022FontTransformer: Few-shot High-resolution Chinese Glyph Image Synthesis via Stacked Transformerscited by 6
- 2023VQ-Font: Few-Shot Font Generation with Structure-Aware Enhancement and Quantizationcited by 5
- 2024Typographic Text Generation with Off-the-Shelf Diffusion Modelcited by 5
- 2024HFH-Font: Few-shot Chinese Font Synthesis with Higher Quality, Faster Speed, and Higher Resolutioncited by 5
- 2023Few-shot Font Generation by Learning Style Difference and Similaritycited by 4
- 2023Ambigram Generation by A Diffusion Modelcited by 4
- 2023DeepCalliFont: Few-shot Chinese Calligraphy Font Synthesis by Integrating Dual-modality Generative Modelscited by 4
- 2024GRIF-DM: Generation of Rich Impression Fonts using Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2022Instance Segmentation for Chinese Character Stroke Extraction, Datasets and Benchmarkscited by 3
- 2023Diff-Oracle: Deciphering Oracle Bone Scripts with Controllable Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2024Font Style Interpolation with Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2024CalliffusionV2: Personalized Natural Calligraphy Generation with Flexible Multi-modal Controlcited by 3
- 2025FontGuard: A Robust Font Watermarking Approach Leveraging Deep Font Knowledgecited by 3
- 2025MegaHan97K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Mega-Category Chinese Character Recognition with over 97K Categoriescited by 3
- 2022DGFont++: Robust Deformable Generative Networks for Unsupervised Font Generationcited by 2
- 2023Weakly Supervised Scene Text Generation for Low-resource Languagescited by 2
- 2024SRAGAN: Saliency Regularized and Attended Generative Adversarial Network for Chinese Ink-wash Painting Style Transfercited by 2
- 2024Unsupervised Disentanglement of Content and Style via Variance-Invariance Constraintscited by 2
- 2025From Fragment to One Piece: A Survey on AI-Driven Graphic Designcited by 2
- 2025UniCalli: A Unified Diffusion Framework for Column-Level Generation and Recognition of Chinese Calligraphycited by 2
- 2022TaCo: Textual Attribute Recognition via Contrastive Learningcited by 1
- 2022Neural Font Renderingcited by 1
- 2024CalliRewrite: Recovering Handwriting Behaviors from Calligraphy Images without Supervisioncited by 1
- 2025Training-Free Diffusion Framework for Stylized Image Generation with Identity Preservationcited by 1
- 2025Embedding Font Impression Word Tags Based on Co-occurrencecited by 1
- 2025DA-Font: Few-Shot Font Generation via Dual-Attention Hybrid Integrationcited by 1
50 most cited of 70 All 70 (JSON)
- 2026Srijika: OpenType-Layout-Reusing Font Restyling for Nine Indic Scripts4 Sep 2026
- 2026NIV: Neural Axis Variations for Variable Font Generation3 Jun 2026
- 2026Segment Anything with Robust Uncertainty-Accuracy Correlation11 May 2026
- 2026InkDiffuser: High-Fidelity One-shot Chinese Calligraphy via Differentiable Morphological Optimization7 May 2026
- 2026DRG-Font: Dynamic Reference-Guided Few-shot Font Generation via Contrastive Style-Content Disentanglement15 Apr 2026
- 2026FontCrafter: High-Fidelity Element-Driven Artistic Font Creation with Visual In-Context Generation23 Mar 2026
- 2026CalliMaster: Mastering Page-level Chinese Calligraphy via Layout-guided Spatial Planning12 Mar 2026
- 2026FontUse: A Data-Centric Approach to Style- and Use-Case-Conditioned In-Image Typography6 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Patches: Global-aware Autoregressive Model for Multimodal Few-Shot Font Generation4 Jan 2026
- 2025DNA: Dual-branch Network with Adaptation for Open-Set Online Handwriting Generation27 Nov 2025
- 2025UniCalli: A Unified Diffusion Framework for Column-Level Generation and Recognition of Chinese Calligraphy15 Oct 2025
- 2025DA-Font: Few-Shot Font Generation via Dual-Attention Hybrid Integration20 Sep 2025
38 more
- 2025Embedding Font Impression Word Tags Based on Co-occurrence26 Aug 2025
- 2025Training-Free Diffusion Framework for Stylized Image Generation with Identity Preservation7 Jun 2025
- 2025MegaHan97K: A Large-Scale Dataset for Mega-Category Chinese Character Recognition with over 97K Categories5 Jun 2025
- 2025Text-Conditioned Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Korean Font Generation30 Apr 2025
- 2025AnyArtisticGlyph: Multilingual Controllable Artistic Glyph Generation7 Apr 2025
- 2025FontGuard: A Robust Font Watermarking Approach Leveraging Deep Font Knowledge4 Apr 2025
- 2025From Fragment to One Piece: A Survey on AI-Driven Graphic Design24 Mar 2025
- 2024One-Shot Multilingual Font Generation Via ViT15 Dec 2024
- 2024HFH-Font: Few-shot Chinese Font Synthesis with Higher Quality, Faster Speed, and Higher Resolution9 Oct 2024
- 2024CalliffusionV2: Personalized Natural Calligraphy Generation with Flexible Multi-modal Control3 Oct 2024
- 2024Decoupling Layout from Glyph in Online Chinese Handwriting Generation3 Oct 2024
- 2024Text Image Generation for Low-Resource Languages with Dual Translation Learning26 Sep 2024
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generation6 Sep 2024
- 2024GRIF-DM: Generation of Rich Impression Fonts using Diffusion Models14 Aug 2024
- 2024Intelligent Artistic Typography: A Comprehensive Review of Artistic Text Design and Generation20 Jul 2024
- 2024Unsupervised Disentanglement of Content and Style via Variance-Invariance Constraints4 Jul 2024
- 2024SRAGAN: Saliency Regularized and Attended Generative Adversarial Network for Chinese Ink-wash Painting Style Transfer24 Apr 2024
- 2024CalliRewrite: Recovering Handwriting Behaviors from Calligraphy Images without Supervision20 Mar 2024
- 2024Total Disentanglement of Font Images into Style and Character Class Features19 Mar 2024
- 2024Typographic Text Generation with Off-the-Shelf Diffusion Model22 Feb 2024
- 2024Font Style Interpolation with Diffusion Models22 Feb 2024
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation16 Feb 2024
- 2023Diff-Oracle: Deciphering Oracle Bone Scripts with Controllable Diffusion Model21 Dec 2023
- 2023Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Model19 Dec 2023
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learning19 Dec 2023
- 2023DeepCalliFont: Few-shot Chinese Calligraphy Font Synthesis by Integrating Dual-modality Generative Models16 Dec 2023
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Models28 Nov 2023
- 2023Few shot font generation via transferring similarity guided global style and quantization local style2 Sep 2023
- 2023VQ-Font: Few-Shot Font Generation with Structure-Aware Enhancement and Quantization27 Aug 2023
- 2023TextPainter: Multimodal Text Image Generation with Visual-harmony and Text-comprehension for Poster Design9 Aug 2023
- 2023Weakly Supervised Scene Text Generation for Low-resource Languages25 Jun 2023
- 2023Ambigram Generation by A Diffusion Model21 Jun 2023
- 2023Zero-shot Generation of Training Data with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition25 May 2023
- 2023GlyphDraw: Seamlessly Rendering Text with Intricate Spatial Structures in Text-to-Image Generation31 Mar 2023
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypes27 Mar 2023
- 2023Disentangling Writer and Character Styles for Handwriting Generation26 Mar 2023
- 2023DeepVecFont-v2: Exploiting Transformers to Synthesize Vector Fonts with Higher Quality25 Mar 2023
- 2023CF-Font: Content Fusion for Few-shot Font Generation24 Mar 2023
50 newest of 70 All 70 (JSON)
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learningcited by 48
- 2023Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Modelcited by 41
- 2022Diff-Font: Diffusion Model for Robust One-Shot Font Generationcited by 40
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 18
- 2023Zero-shot Generation of Training Data with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognitioncited by 10
- 2024Typographic Text Generation with Off-the-Shelf Diffusion Modelcited by 5
- 2023Ambigram Generation by A Diffusion Modelcited by 4
- 2024GRIF-DM: Generation of Rich Impression Fonts using Diffusion Modelscited by 4
- 2023Diff-Oracle: Deciphering Oracle Bone Scripts with Controllable Diffusion Modelcited by 3
- 2024Font Style Interpolation with Diffusion Modelscited by 3
- 2025Training-Free Diffusion Framework for Stylized Image Generation with Identity Preservationcited by 1
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Modelscited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026CalliMaster: Mastering Page-level Chinese Calligraphy via Layout-guided Spatial Planning12 Mar 2026
- 2025Training-Free Diffusion Framework for Stylized Image Generation with Identity Preservation7 Jun 2025
- 2025Text-Conditioned Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Korean Font Generation30 Apr 2025
- 2024GRIF-DM: Generation of Rich Impression Fonts using Diffusion Models14 Aug 2024
- 2024Typographic Text Generation with Off-the-Shelf Diffusion Model22 Feb 2024
- 2024Font Style Interpolation with Diffusion Models22 Feb 2024
- 2024VATr++: Choose Your Words Wisely for Handwritten Text Generation16 Feb 2024
- 2023Diff-Oracle: Deciphering Oracle Bone Scripts with Controllable Diffusion Model21 Dec 2023
- 2023Brush Your Text: Synthesize Any Scene Text on Images via Diffusion Model19 Dec 2023
- 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learning19 Dec 2023
- 2023Enhancing Scene Text Detectors with Realistic Text Image Synthesis Using Diffusion Models28 Nov 2023
- 2023Ambigram Generation by A Diffusion Model21 Jun 2023
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2023Disentangling Writer and Character Styles for Handwriting Generationcited by 35
- 2022Few-Shot Font Generation by Learning Fine-Grained Local Stylescited by 34
- 2023GlyphDraw: Seamlessly Rendering Text with Intricate Spatial Structures in Text-to-Image Generationcited by 34
- 2022Look Closer to Supervise Better: One-Shot Font Generation via Component-Based Discriminatorcited by 32
- 2023Handwritten Text Generation from Visual Archetypescited by 32
- 2023DeepVecFont-v2: Exploiting Transformers to Synthesize Vector Fonts with Higher Qualitycited by 27
- 2023CF-Font: Content Fusion for Few-shot Font Generationcited by 26
- 2024One-Shot Diffusion Mimicker for Handwritten Text Generationcited by 20
- 2022XMP-Font: Self-Supervised Cross-Modality Pre-training for Few-Shot Font Generationcited by 18
- 2023TextPainter: Multimodal Text Image Generation with Visual-harmony and Text-comprehension for Poster Designcited by 18
- 2023AGTGAN: Unpaired Image Translation for Photographic Ancient Character Generationcited by 17
- 2022SGBANet: Semantic GAN and Balanced Attention Network for Arbitrarily Oriented Scene Text Recognitioncited by 10
12 most cited of 56 All 56 (JSON)
- 2026Srijika: OpenType-Layout-Reusing Font Restyling for Nine Indic Scripts4 Sep 2026
- 2026NIV: Neural Axis Variations for Variable Font Generation3 Jun 2026
- 2026Segment Anything with Robust Uncertainty-Accuracy Correlation11 May 2026
- 2026InkDiffuser: High-Fidelity One-shot Chinese Calligraphy via Differentiable Morphological Optimization7 May 2026
- 2026DRG-Font: Dynamic Reference-Guided Few-shot Font Generation via Contrastive Style-Content Disentanglement15 Apr 2026
- 2026FontCrafter: High-Fidelity Element-Driven Artistic Font Creation with Visual In-Context Generation23 Mar 2026
- 2026FontUse: A Data-Centric Approach to Style- and Use-Case-Conditioned In-Image Typography6 Mar 2026
- 2026Beyond Patches: Global-aware Autoregressive Model for Multimodal Few-Shot Font Generation4 Jan 2026
- 2025DNA: Dual-branch Network with Adaptation for Open-Set Online Handwriting Generation27 Nov 2025
- 2025UniCalli: A Unified Diffusion Framework for Column-Level Generation and Recognition of Chinese Calligraphy15 Oct 2025
- 2025DA-Font: Few-Shot Font Generation via Dual-Attention Hybrid Integration20 Sep 2025
- 2025Embedding Font Impression Word Tags Based on Co-occurrence26 Aug 2025
12 newest of 56 All 56 (JSON)