mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Embedding Font Impression Word Tags Based on Co-occurrence

arXiv 2508.18825 ↗First posted 26 Aug 2025cs.CVcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Different font styles (i.e., font shapes) convey distinct impressions, indicating a close relationship between font shapes and word tags describing those impressions. This paper proposes a novel embedding method for impression tags that leverages these shape-impression relationships. For instance, our method assigns similar vectors to impression tags that frequently co-occur in order to represent impressions of fonts, whereas standard word embedding methods (e.g., BERT and CLIP) yield very different vectors. This property is particularly useful for impression-based font generation and font retrieval. Technically, we construct a graph whose nodes represent impression tags and whose edges encode co-occurrence relationships. Then, we apply spectral embedding to obtain the impression vectors for each tag. We compare our method with BERT and CLIP in qualitative and quantitative evaluations, demonstrating that our approach performs better in impression-guided font generation.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Aug 2025.

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22 of 42 references.

References · 22

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,399
  2. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,744
  3. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
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  12. 2017Separating Style and Content for Generalized Style Transfercited by 64
10 more
  1. 2023FontDiffuser: One-Shot Font Generation via Denoising Diffusion with Multi-Scale Content Aggregation and Style Contrastive Learningcited by 48
  2. 2019Large-scale Tag-based Font Retrieval with Generative Feature Learningcited by 22
  3. 2023VecFusion: Vector Font Generation with Diffusioncited by 20
  4. 2021Impressions2Font: Generating Fonts by Specifying Impressionscited by 10
  5. 2024FontCLIP: A Semantic Typography Visual-Language Model for Multilingual Font Applicationscited by 8
  6. 2021Shared Latent Space of Font Shapes and Their Noisy Impressionscited by 7
  7. 2022Font Generation with Missing Impression Labelscited by 6
  8. 2024GRIF-DM: Generation of Rich Impression Fonts using Diffusion Modelscited by 4
  9. 2024Impression-CLIP: Contrastive Shape-Impression Embedding for Fontscited by 3
  10. 2023Exploring the Effects of Japanese Font Designs on Impression Formation and Decision-Making in Text-Based Communicationcited by 2

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