mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Memory-Efficient Incremental Learning Through Feature Adaptation

arXiv 2004.00713 ↗First posted 1 Apr 2020cs.CVcited by 107

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce an approach for incremental learning that preserves feature descriptors of training images from previously learned classes, instead of the images themselves, unlike most existing work. Keeping the much lower-dimensional feature embeddings of images reduces the memory footprint significantly. We assume that the model is updated incrementally for new classes as new data becomes available sequentially.This requires adapting the previously stored feature vectors to the updated feature space without having access to the corresponding original training images. Feature adaptation is learned with a multi-layer perceptron, which is trained on feature pairs corresponding to the outputs of the original and updated network on a training image. We validate experimentally that such a transformation generalizes well to the features of the previous set of classes, and maps features to a discriminative subspace in the feature space. As a result, the classifier is optimized jointly over new and old classes without requiring old class images. Experimental results show that our method achieves state-of-the-art classification accuracy in incremental learning benchmarks, while having at least an order of magnitude lower memory footprint compared to image-preserving strategies.

Key facts. Cited by 107 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2020.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 20; 2022: 19; 2023: 25; 2024: 16; 2025: 17; 2026: 10.

107 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Continual Learning: Theory, Method and Applicationcited by 872
  2. 2021DyTox: Transformers for Continual Learning with DYnamic TOken eXpansioncited by 291
  3. 2021Rainbow Memory: Continual Learning with a Memory of Diverse Samplescited by 273
  4. 2021Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical Surveycited by 245
  5. 2022FOSTER: Feature Boosting and Compression for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 229
  6. 2023Class-Incremental Learning: A Surveycited by 209
  7. 2023Revisiting Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained Models: Generalizability and Adaptivity are All You Needcited by 184
  8. 2022A Model or 603 Exemplars: Towards Memory-Efficient Class-Incremental Learningcited by 154
  9. 2021Self-Supervised Models are Continual Learnerscited by 149
  10. 2022Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning by Sampling Multi-Phase Taskscited by 88
  11. 2021On Learning the Geodesic Path for Incremental Learningcited by 85
  12. 2023Learning without Forgetting for Vision-Language Modelscited by 79
38 more
  1. 2021Replay in Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Missing Biological Elementscited by 72
  2. 2022Representation Compensation Networks for Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 72
  3. 2023A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual Learningcited by 69
  4. 2023RMM: Reinforced Memory Management for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 66
  5. 2021Essentials for Class Incremental Learningcited by 57
  6. 2021Recent Advances of Continual Learning in Computer Vision: An Overviewcited by 55
  7. 2021Co-Transport for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 38
  8. 2022Uncertainty-aware Contrastive Distillation for Incremental Semantic Segmentationcited by 37
  9. 2024How to Continually Adapt Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Flexible Customization?cited by 33
  10. 2024Exemplar-free Continual Representation Learning via Learnable Drift Compensationcited by 31
  11. 2021Class-Balanced Distillation for Long-Tailed Visual Recognitioncited by 27
  12. 2022Continual Learning with Bayesian Model based on a Fixed Pre-trained Feature Extractorcited by 27
  13. 2021Optimizing Reusable Knowledge for Continual Learning via Metalearningcited by 25
  14. 2022ALIFE: Adaptive Logit Regularizer and Feature Replay for Incremental Semantic Segmentationcited by 25
  15. 2023BiRT: Bio-inspired Replay in Vision Transformers for Continual Learningcited by 25
  16. 2023Continual Segment: Towards a Single, Unified and Accessible Continual Segmentation Model of 143 Whole-body Organs in CT Scanscited by 21
  17. 2021Preserving Earlier Knowledge in Continual Learning with the Help of All Previous Feature Extractorscited by 19
  18. 2024RAW-Adapter: Adapting Pre-trained Visual Model to Camera RAW Imagescited by 19
  19. 2021When Video Classification Meets Incremental Classescited by 18
  20. 2021Continual Learning for Image-Based Camera Localizationcited by 18
  21. 2021Lifelong Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Person Re-identification with Coordinated Anti-forgetting and Adaptationcited by 18
  22. 2021Tackling Catastrophic Forgetting and Background Shift in Continual Semantic Segmentationcited by 15
  23. 2022Continual Attentive Fusion for Incremental Learning in Semantic Segmentationcited by 15
  24. 2023Heterogeneous Forgetting Compensation for Class-Incremental Learningcited by 15
  25. 2022HFedMS: Heterogeneous Federated Learning with Memorable Data Semantics in Industrial Metaversecited by 14
  26. 2023Neural Collapse Terminus: A Unified Solution for Class Incremental Learning and Its Variantscited by 14
  27. 2023GRASP: A Rehearsal Policy for Efficient Online Continual Learningcited by 14
  28. 2024Task-recency bias strikes back: Adapting covariances in Exemplar-Free Class Incremental Learningcited by 14
  29. 2025Rethinking the Stability-Plasticity Trade-off in Continual Learning from an Architectural Perspectivecited by 14
  30. 2023Continual Causal Inference with Incremental Observational Datacited by 13
  31. 2021ACAE-REMIND for Online Continual Learning with Compressed Feature Replaycited by 12
  32. 2023Subspace Distillation for Continual Learningcited by 12
  33. 2022Learn the Time to Learn: Replay Scheduling in Continual Learningcited by 11
  34. 2025ProtoDepth: Unsupervised Continual Depth Completion with Prototypescited by 11
  35. 2023Continual Learning for Predictive Maintenance: Overview and Challengescited by 10
  36. 2022A Memory Transformer Network for Incremental Learningcited by 9
  37. 2022Continual Learning Approaches for Anomaly Detectioncited by 9
  38. 2024Class-incremental Learning for Time Series: Benchmark and Evaluationcited by 9

50 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)