GCA-Net : Utilizing Gated Context Attention for Improving Image Forgery Localization and Detection
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Forensic analysis of manipulated pixels requires the identification of various hidden and subtle features from images. Conventional image recognition models generally fail at this task because they are biased and more attentive toward the dominant local and spatial features. In this paper, we propose a novel Gated Context Attention Network (GCA-Net) that utilizes non-local attention in conjunction with a gating mechanism in order to capture the finer image discrepancies and better identify forged regions. The proposed framework uses high dimensional embeddings to filter and aggregate the relevant context from coarse feature maps at various stages of the decoding process. This improves the network's understanding of global differences and reduces false-positive localizations. Our evaluation on standard image forensic benchmarks shows that GCA-Net can both compete against and improve over state-of-the-art networks by an average of 4.7% AUC. Additional ablation studies also demonstrate the method's robustness against attributions and resilience to false-positive predictions.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 73 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2021.
Builds on
37 of 73 references.
References · 37
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
- 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,720
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,442
- 2017Squeeze-and-Excitation Networkscited by 4,789
- 2016DeepLab: Semantic Image Segmentation with Deep Convolutional Nets, Atrous Convolution, and Fully Connected CRFscited by 3,241
- 2016Aggregated Residual Transformations for Deep Neural Networkscited by 2,546
- 2016Xception: Deep Learning with Depthwise Separable Convolutionscited by 2,332
- 2017Non-local Neural Networkscited by 2,293
- 2018UNet++: A Nested U-Net Architecture for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1,525
- 2018Attention U-Net: Learning Where to Look for the Pancreascited by 1,435
- 2019FaceForensics++: Learning to Detect Manipulated Facial Imagescited by 1,101
25 more
- 2017Focal Loss for Dense Object Detectioncited by 752
- 2019Interpreting the Latent Space of GANs for Semantic Face Editingcited by 695
- 2017Generalised Dice overlap as a deep learning loss function for highly unbalanced segmentationscited by 620
- 2019GCNet: Non-local Networks Meet Squeeze-Excitation Networks and Beyondcited by 331
- 2019On the Detection of Digital Face Manipulationcited by 260
- 2018GaAN: Gated Attention Networks for Learning on Large and Spatiotemporal Graphscited by 165
- 2018Learning Rich Features for Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 154
- 2021PSCC-Net: Progressive Spatio-Channel Correlation Network for Image Manipulation Detection and Localizationcited by 133
- 2016Fast Face-swap Using Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 119
- 2018Noiseprint: a CNN-based camera model fingerprintcited by 114
- 2021Image Manipulation Detection by Multi-View Multi-Scale Supervisioncited by 111
- 2020SPAN: Spatial Pyramid Attention Network forImage Manipulation Localizationcited by 92
- 2018Recalibrating Fully Convolutional Networks with Spatial and Channel 'Squeeze & Excitation' Blockscited by 76
- 2019Hybrid LSTM and Encoder-Decoder Architecture for Detection of Image Forgeriescited by 59
- 2018Generate, Segment and Refine: Towards Generic Manipulation Segmentationcited by 33
- 2019Constrained R-CNN: A general image manipulation detection modelcited by 29
- 2017Deep Matching and Validation Network -- An End-to-End Solution to Constrained Image Splicing Localization and Detectioncited by 25
- 2017Detection and Localization of Image Forgeries using Resampling Features and Deep Learningcited by 13
- 2019Not All Attention Is Needed: Gated Attention Network for Sequence Datacited by 13
- 2019Reduced Focal Loss: 1st Place Solution to xView object detection in Satellite Imagerycited by 8
- 2020Block-level Double JPEG Compression Detection for Image Forgery Localizationcited by 5
- 2019SpliceRadar: A Learned Method For Blind Image Forensicscited by 4
- 2020L2-Constrained RemNet for Camera Model Identification and Image Manipulation Detectioncited by 3
- 2018Universal Image Manipulation Detection using Deep Siamese Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 2
- 2018Application of DenseNet in Camera Model Identification and Post-processing Detectioncited by 2
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 3; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2023AutoSplice: A Text-prompt Manipulated Image Dataset for Media Forensicscited by 46
- 2023Weakly-supervised deepfake localization in diffusion-generated imagescited by 24
- 2024DeCLIP: Decoding CLIP representations for deepfake localizationcited by 17
- 2024All-in-one Weather-degraded Image Restoration via Adaptive Degradation-aware Self-prompting Modelcited by 13
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2025HazeFlow: Revisit Haze Physical Model as ODE and Non-Homogeneous Haze Generation for Real-World Dehazingcited by 4
- 2024Dense Feature Interaction Network for Image Inpainting Localizationcited by 3
- 2025From Scarcity to Capability: Empowering Fake News Detection in Low-Resource Languages with LLMscited by 3
- 2023Generalized Deepfakes Detection with Reconstructed-Blended Images and Multi-scale Feature Reconstruction Networkcited by 2
- 2026PRISM: Rethinking Atmospheric Scattering Reconstruction as a Unified Understanding and Restoration Model for Real-world Dehazingcited by 1
- 2025A Synthetic-to-Real Dehazing Method based on Domain Unificationcited by 0
- 2026PRISM: Rethinking Atmospheric Scattering Reconstruction as a Unified Understanding and Restoration Model for Real-world Dehazing8 Apr 2026
- 2025HazeFlow: Revisit Haze Physical Model as ODE and Non-Homogeneous Haze Generation for Real-World Dehazing19 Sep 2025
- 2025A Synthetic-to-Real Dehazing Method based on Domain Unification4 Sep 2025
- 2025From Scarcity to Capability: Empowering Fake News Detection in Low-Resource Languages with LLMs16 Jan 2025
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey26 Nov 2024
- 2024All-in-one Weather-degraded Image Restoration via Adaptive Degradation-aware Self-prompting Model12 Nov 2024
- 2024DeCLIP: Decoding CLIP representations for deepfake localization12 Sep 2024
- 2024Dense Feature Interaction Network for Image Inpainting Localization5 Aug 2024
- 2023Generalized Deepfakes Detection with Reconstructed-Blended Images and Multi-scale Feature Reconstruction Network13 Dec 2023
- 2023Weakly-supervised deepfake localization in diffusion-generated images8 Nov 2023
- 2023AutoSplice: A Text-prompt Manipulated Image Dataset for Media Forensics14 Apr 2023