Parsing Argumentation Structures in Persuasive Essays
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this article, we present a novel approach for parsing argumentation structures. We identify argument components using sequence labeling at the token level and apply a new joint model for detecting argumentation structures. The proposed model globally optimizes argument component types and argumentative relations using integer linear programming. We show that our model considerably improves the performance of base classifiers and significantly outperforms challenging heuristic baselines. Moreover, we introduce a novel corpus of persuasive essays annotated with argumentation structures. We show that our annotation scheme and annotation guidelines successfully guide human annotators to substantial agreement. This corpus and the annotation guidelines are freely available for ensuring reproducibility and to encourage future research in computational argumentation.
Key facts. Cited by 101 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 13; 2022: 11; 2023: 15; 2024: 13; 2025: 17; 2026: 32.
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- 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentationcited by 42
- 2022Revise and Resubmit: An Intertextual Model of Text-based Collaboration in Peer Reviewcited by 37
- 2024AFaCTA: Assisting the Annotation of Factual Claim Detection with Reliable LLM Annotatorscited by 28
- 2024A Closer Look at Classification Evaluation Metrics and a Critical Reflection of Common Evaluation Practicecited by 26
- 2024Are Large Language Models Reliable Argument Quality Annotators?cited by 24
- 2022IAM: A Comprehensive and Large-Scale Dataset for Integrated Argument Mining Taskscited by 23
- 2024Can Large Language Models perform Relation-based Argument Mining?cited by 23
- 2021LESA: Linguistic Encapsulation and Semantic Amalgamation Based Generalised Claim Detection from Online Contentcited by 22
- 2022How Do We Answer Complex Questions: Discourse Structure of Long-form Answerscited by 19
- 2022Empowering the Fact-checkers! Automatic Identification of Claim Spans on Twittercited by 19
- 2021Claim Detection in Biomedical Twitter Postscited by 18
- 2021Classifying Argumentative Relations Using Logical Mechanisms and Argumentation Schemescited by 18
38 more
- 2021Scientia Potentia Est -- On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentationcited by 17
- 2022A Corpus for Understanding and Generating Moral Storiescited by 16
- 2024Which Side Are You On? A Multi-task Dataset for End-to-End Argument Summarisation and Evaluationcited by 13
- 2025Must Read: A Comprehensive Survey of Computational Persuasioncited by 13
- 2021Assessing the Sufficiency of Arguments through Conclusion Generationcited by 11
- 2024CasiMedicos-Arg: A Medical Question Answering Dataset Annotated with Explanatory Argumentative Structurescited by 11
- 2021Supporting Cognitive and Emotional Empathic Writing of Studentscited by 8
- 2022Multi-granularity Argument Mining in Legal Textscited by 7
- 2024Argument Mining in Data Scarce Settings: Cross-lingual Transfer and Few-shot Techniquescited by 7
- 2021Multi-Task Attentive Residual Networks for Argument Miningcited by 6
- 2021"Laughing at you or with you": The Role of Sarcasm in Shaping the Disagreement Spacecited by 5
- 2022Can Unsupervised Knowledge Transfer from Social Discussions Help Argument Mining?cited by 5
- 2022Efficient Argument Structure Extraction with Transfer Learning and Active Learningcited by 5
- 2023HiTZ@Antidote: Argumentation-driven Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Digital Medicinecited by 5
- 2023Shaping Political Discourse using multi-source News Summarizationcited by 5
- 2024A School Student Essay Corpus for Analyzing Interactions of Argumentative Structure and Qualitycited by 5
- 2025Limited Generalizability in Argument Mining: State-Of-The-Art Models Learn Datasets, Not Argumentscited by 5
- 2025Limits of LLM Text Detectors in Educationcited by 5
- 2021Randomized Deep Structured Prediction for Discourse-Level Processingcited by 4
- 2023Cross-lingual Argument Mining in the Medical Domaincited by 4
- 2023Argumentation Element Annotation Modeling using XLNetcited by 4
- 2024CASA: Causality-driven Argument Sufficiency Assessmentcited by 4
- 2025ArgInstruct: Specialized Instruction Fine-Tuning for Computational Argumentationcited by 4
- 2025LLMs for Argument Mining: Detection, Extraction, and Relationship Classification of pre-defined Arguments in Online Commentscited by 4
- 2022Automated Evaluation for Student Argumentative Writing: A Surveycited by 3
- 2022MetaLogic: Logical Reasoning Explanations with Fine-Grained Structurecited by 3
- 2023Argument Mining using BERT and Self-Attention based Embeddingscited by 3
- 2023AutoAM: An End-To-End Neural Model for Automatic and Universal Argument Miningcited by 3
- 2024In-Context Learning and Fine-Tuning GPT for Argument Miningcited by 3
- 2024Flee the Flaw: Annotating the Underlying Logic of Fallacious Arguments Through Templates and Slot-fillingcited by 3
- 2024Assessing Good, Bad and Ugly Arguments Generated by ChatGPT: a New Dataset, its Methodology and Associated Taskscited by 3
- 2025Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025AMELIA: A Family of Multi-task End-to-end Language Models for Argumentationcited by 3
- 2026Multi-Agent Dialectical Refinement for Enhanced Argument Classificationcited by 3
- 2021"Sharks are not the threat humans are": Argument Component Segmentation in School Student Essayscited by 2
- 2021Multi-Task and Multi-Corpora Training Strategies to Enhance Argumentative Sentence Linking Performancecited by 2
- 2021Tree-Constrained Graph Neural Networks For Argument Miningcited by 2
- 2023Leveraging Social Discourse to Measure Check-worthiness of Claims for Fact-checkingcited by 2
50 most cited of 101 All 101 (JSON)
- 2026Swiss4Arg: A Parallel Dataset for Multilingual Argument Mining across Swiss National Languages13 Oct 2026
- 2026Inductive Claims Extraction at Scale4 Oct 2026
- 2026Science or Slop?: Benchmarking and Mitigating Scientific Slop in AI-Generated Papers30 Sep 2026
- 2026TTLab at Daleel 2026: STAR-Ar, Sequence Tagging for Argument Recognition in Arabic30 Sep 2026
- 2026Extracting Arguments, Not Just Classifying Them: Instruction-Tuned LLMs for Generative Component Detection21 Sep 2026
- 2026Too Good to Be Real? Diagnosing and Reducing the Gap Between AI Preference and Real User Engagement16 Sep 2026
- 2026Who Argues What? Joint Argument-Entity Detection and Classification in Political Debates9 Sep 2026
- 2026Pairwise Logical Selection of Enthymeme Completions under Semantic-Link Uncertainty19 Aug 2026
- 2026Retrieving Relations, Detecting Fallacies: A RAG Approach to Political Debate Analysis18 Aug 2026
- 2026ArguLens: An Open-Source System for Automated Essay Scoring and Label-Aware Feedback Generation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Logical Embeddings for Argument Analysis15 Aug 2026
- 2026Structuring the Space of Perspectives12 Aug 2026
38 more
- 2026Discourse-Aware Policy Analysis with Argumentation: A Hybrid LLM-Symbolic Framework for Disaster Governance14 Jul 2026
- 2026SEFORA: Student Essays with Feedback Corpus and LLM Feedback Evaluation Framework30 Jun 2026
- 2026Information Dynamics of Language Communication29 Jun 2026
- 2026From Argument Components to Graphs: A Multi-Agent Debate with Confidence Gating for Argument Relations14 Jun 2026
- 2026Evaluation of Alternative-Based Information Systems for Deliberative Polling using an Agentic Simulator10 Jun 2026
- 2026CAF-Gen: A Multi-Agent System for Enriching Argumentation Structures4 Jun 2026
- 2026Argument Collapse: LLMs Flatten Long-Form Public Debate1 Jun 2026
- 2026Reading Between the Citations: A Typed Claim Network for Scientific Literature29 May 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Argumentative Essay Understanding via TIDE: An Interactive Framework with Trial and Debate17 May 2026
- 2026An LLM-Based System for Argument Mining13 May 2026
- 2026LLM-INSTRUCT at UZH Shared Task 2026: Constraint-Aware Retrieval and Selective Debate for Paragraph-Level Argument Mining10 May 2026
- 2026From Articles to Premises: Building PrimeFacts, an Extraction Methodology and Resource for Fact-Checking Evidence7 May 2026
- 2026Assessing and Explaining the Persuadability of Large Language Models as Legal Decision Tools29 Apr 2026
- 2026Multi-Agent Dialectical Refinement for Enhanced Argument Classification29 Mar 2026
- 2026Saying More Than They Know: A Framework for Quantifying Epistemic-Rhetorical Miscalibration in Large Language Models27 Mar 2026
- 2026Argument Mining as a Text-to-Text Generation Task25 Mar 2026
- 2026Compact Prompting in Instruction-tuned LLMs for Joint Argumentative Component Detection3 Mar 2026
- 2026LLM-based Argument Mining meets Argumentation and Description Logics: a Unified Framework for Reasoning about Debates3 Mar 2026
- 2026Improving Neural Argumentative Stance Classification in Controversial Topics with Emotion-Lexicon Features26 Feb 2026
- 2026Oops, Wait: Discourse Tokens Matter in Reasoning Model24 Jan 2026
- 2025Winning with Less for Low Resource Languages: Advantage of Cross-Lingual English_Persian Argument Mining Model over LLM Augmentation25 Nov 2025
- 2025AI-Assisted Authoring for Transparent, Data-Driven Documents27 Oct 2025
- 2025End-to-End Argument Mining through Autoregressive Argumentative Structure Prediction18 Oct 2025
- 2025Zero-shot reasoning for simulating scholarly peer-review2 Oct 2025
- 2025CLEAR: A Comprehensive Linguistic Evaluation of Argument Rewriting by Large Language Models18 Sep 2025
- 2025AMELIA: A Family of Multi-task End-to-end Language Models for Argumentation25 Aug 2025
- 2025A Straightforward Pipeline for Targeted Entailment and Contradiction Detection23 Aug 2025
- 2025Limits of LLM Text Detectors in Education11 Aug 2025
- 2025MAGIC: Multi-Agent Argumentation and Grammar Integrated Critiquer16 Jun 2025
- 2025AKReF: An argumentative knowledge representation framework for structured argumentation31 May 2025
- 2025LLMs for Argument Mining: Detection, Extraction, and Relationship Classification of pre-defined Arguments in Online Comments29 May 2025
- 2025Limited Generalizability in Argument Mining: State-Of-The-Art Models Learn Datasets, Not Arguments28 May 2025
- 2025ArgInstruct: Specialized Instruction Fine-Tuning for Computational Argumentation28 May 2025
- 2025Towards Comprehensive Argument Analysis in Education: Dataset, Tasks, and Method17 May 2025
- 2025Must Read: A Comprehensive Survey of Computational Persuasion12 May 2025
- 2025Can one size fit all?: Measuring Failure in Multi-Document Summarization Domain Transfer20 Mar 2025
- 2025Dynamic Knowledge Integration for Evidence-Driven Counter-Argument Generation with Large Language Models7 Mar 2025
- 2024CasiMedicos-Arg: A Medical Question Answering Dataset Annotated with Explanatory Argumentative Structures7 Oct 2024
50 newest of 101 All 101 (JSON)
- 2025Limited Generalizability in Argument Mining: State-Of-The-Art Models Learn Datasets, Not Argumentscited by 5
- 2022MetaLogic: Logical Reasoning Explanations with Fine-Grained Structurecited by 3
- 2026Oops, Wait: Discourse Tokens Matter in Reasoning Modelcited by 1
- 2026From Argument Components to Graphs: A Multi-Agent Debate with Confidence Gating for Argument Relationscited by 1
- 2026LLM-based Argument Mining meets Argumentation and Description Logics: a Unified Framework for Reasoning about Debatescited by 0
- 2026Towards Robust Argumentative Essay Understanding via TIDE: An Interactive Framework with Trial and Debatecited by 0
- 2026From Argument Components to Graphs: A Multi-Agent Debate with Confidence Gating for Argument Relations14 Jun 2026
- 2026Towards Robust Argumentative Essay Understanding via TIDE: An Interactive Framework with Trial and Debate17 May 2026
- 2026LLM-based Argument Mining meets Argumentation and Description Logics: a Unified Framework for Reasoning about Debates3 Mar 2026
- 2026Oops, Wait: Discourse Tokens Matter in Reasoning Model24 Jan 2026
- 2025Limited Generalizability in Argument Mining: State-Of-The-Art Models Learn Datasets, Not Arguments28 May 2025
- 2022MetaLogic: Logical Reasoning Explanations with Fine-Grained Structure22 Oct 2022
- 2023Exploring the Potential of Large Language Models in Computational Argumentationcited by 42
- 2022Revise and Resubmit: An Intertextual Model of Text-based Collaboration in Peer Reviewcited by 37
- 2024AFaCTA: Assisting the Annotation of Factual Claim Detection with Reliable LLM Annotatorscited by 28
- 2024A Closer Look at Classification Evaluation Metrics and a Critical Reflection of Common Evaluation Practicecited by 26
- 2024Are Large Language Models Reliable Argument Quality Annotators?cited by 24
- 2022IAM: A Comprehensive and Large-Scale Dataset for Integrated Argument Mining Taskscited by 23
- 2024Can Large Language Models perform Relation-based Argument Mining?cited by 23
- 2021LESA: Linguistic Encapsulation and Semantic Amalgamation Based Generalised Claim Detection from Online Contentcited by 22
- 2022How Do We Answer Complex Questions: Discourse Structure of Long-form Answerscited by 19
- 2022Empowering the Fact-checkers! Automatic Identification of Claim Spans on Twittercited by 19
- 2021Claim Detection in Biomedical Twitter Postscited by 18
- 2021Classifying Argumentative Relations Using Logical Mechanisms and Argumentation Schemescited by 18
12 most cited of 91 All 91 (JSON)
- 2026Swiss4Arg: A Parallel Dataset for Multilingual Argument Mining across Swiss National Languages13 Oct 2026
- 2026Inductive Claims Extraction at Scale4 Oct 2026
- 2026Science or Slop?: Benchmarking and Mitigating Scientific Slop in AI-Generated Papers30 Sep 2026
- 2026TTLab at Daleel 2026: STAR-Ar, Sequence Tagging for Argument Recognition in Arabic30 Sep 2026
- 2026Extracting Arguments, Not Just Classifying Them: Instruction-Tuned LLMs for Generative Component Detection21 Sep 2026
- 2026Too Good to Be Real? Diagnosing and Reducing the Gap Between AI Preference and Real User Engagement16 Sep 2026
- 2026Who Argues What? Joint Argument-Entity Detection and Classification in Political Debates9 Sep 2026
- 2026Pairwise Logical Selection of Enthymeme Completions under Semantic-Link Uncertainty19 Aug 2026
- 2026ArguLens: An Open-Source System for Automated Essay Scoring and Label-Aware Feedback Generation18 Aug 2026
- 2026Logical Embeddings for Argument Analysis15 Aug 2026
- 2026Structuring the Space of Perspectives12 Aug 2026
- 2026Discourse-Aware Policy Analysis with Argumentation: A Hybrid LLM-Symbolic Framework for Disaster Governance14 Jul 2026
12 newest of 91 All 91 (JSON)