mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

MetaLogic: Logical Reasoning Explanations with Fine-Grained Structure

arXiv 2210.12487 ↗First posted 22 Oct 2022cs.AI cs.CL cs.LOcited by 3

On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we propose a comprehensive benchmark to investigate models' logical reasoning capabilities in complex real-life scenarios. Current explanation datasets often employ synthetic data with simple reasoning structures. Therefore, it cannot express more complex reasoning processes, such as the rebuttal to a reasoning step and the degree of certainty of the evidence. To this end, we propose a comprehensive logical reasoning explanation form. Based on the multi-hop chain of reasoning, the explanation form includes three main components: (1) The condition of rebuttal that the reasoning node can be challenged; (2) Logical formulae that uncover the internal texture of reasoning nodes; (3) Reasoning strength indicated by degrees of certainty. The fine-grained structure conforms to the real logical reasoning scenario, better fitting the human cognitive process but, simultaneously, is more challenging for the current models. We evaluate the current best models' performance on this new explanation form. The experimental results show that generating reasoning graphs remains a challenging task for current models, even with the help of giant pre-trained language models.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 17 of its 43 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Oct 2022.

Builds on

17 of 43 references.

References · 17

  1. 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
  2. 2018Adafactor: Adaptive Learning Rates with Sublinear Memory Costcited by 896
  3. 2019ERASER: A Benchmark to Evaluate Rationalized NLP Modelscited by 523
  4. 2020ProofWriter: Generating Implications, Proofs, and Abductive Statements over Natural Languagecited by 309
  5. 2020Transformers as Soft Reasoners over Languagecited by 265
  6. 2020Retrieve, Program, Repeat: Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering via Alternate Meta-learningcited by 216
  7. 2020ReClor: A Reading Comprehension Dataset Requiring Logical Reasoningcited by 211
  8. 2021Explaining Answers with Entailment Treescited by 148
  9. 2020MuTual: A Dataset for Multi-Turn Dialogue Reasoningcited by 114
  10. 2016Parsing Argumentation Structures in Persuasive Essayscited by 99
  11. 2021ExplaGraphs: An Explanation Graph Generation Task for Structured Commonsense Reasoningcited by 58
  12. 2020Learning to Explain: Datasets and Models for Identifying Valid Reasoning Chains in Multihop Question-Answeringcited by 49
5 more
  1. 2021Logic-Driven Context Extension and Data Augmentation for Logical Reasoning of Textcited by 46
  2. 2019R4C: A Benchmark for Evaluating RC Systems to Get the Right Answer for the Right Reasoncited by 36
  3. 2021DAGN: Discourse-Aware Graph Network for Logical Reasoningcited by 28
  4. 2022METGEN: A Module-Based Entailment Tree Generation Framework for Answer Explanationcited by 17
  5. 2022Logiformer: A Two-Branch Graph Transformer Network for Interpretable Logical Reasoningcited by 8

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Citing papers per year: 2023: 3.

3 papers.

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  1. 2025From Chaos to Order: The Atomic Reasoner Framework for Fine-grained Reasoning in Large Language Models
  2. 2023Are Large Language Models Really Good Logical Reasoners? A Comprehensive Evaluation and Beyond
  3. 2024P-FOLIO: Evaluating and Improving Logical Reasoning with Abundant Human-Written Reasoning Chains
  4. 2023Towards LogiGLUE: A Brief Survey and A Benchmark for Analyzing Logical Reasoning Capabilities of Language Models
  5. 2024Enhancing Logical Reasoning in Large Language Models through Graph-based Synthetic Data
  6. 2024LogicAsker: Evaluating and Improving the Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models
  7. 2024LogicBench: Towards Systematic Evaluation of Logical Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models
  8. 2026LogicGraph : Benchmarking Multi-Path Logical Reasoning via Neuro-Symbolic Generation and Verification