SEFORA: Student Essays with Feedback Corpus and LLM Feedback Evaluation Framework
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Abstract (arXiv)
Effective writing feedback is among the strongest drivers of student learning, yet producing it at scale is labor-intensive. LLMs offer a natural path to scaling writing support, but two gaps stand in the way: few public corpora capture how instructors actually deliver feedback in real classrooms, and no reliable method measures whether generated feedback aligns with what an instructor would write. We address both. SEFORA is a public corpus pairing instructor inline feedback with assignment prompts, rubrics, scores, and multi-draft revisions across various college writing genres, comprising 564 drafts and 8,240 instructor annotations. UniMatch is a reference-based evaluation framework for open-ended generation: it segments feedback into feedback units, scores their semantic correspondence under instructor-derived criteria, and aligns them via optimal matching to yield interpretable precision, recall, and F1. Across 74 experimental configurations spanning multiple LLMs, no setting exceeds 0.4 F1. UniMatch reveals that models struggle to identify the feedback instructors would prioritize, and performance degrades as models generate more.
Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 19 of its 70 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 Jun 2026.
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19 of 70 references.
References · 19
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- 2026FOXGLOVE: Understanding Goal-Oriented and Anchored Writing Feedback from Experts and LLMs on Argumentative Essays
- 2026FeedEval: Pedagogically Aligned Evaluation of LLM-Generated Essay Feedback
- 2025"Can You See Me Think?" Grounding LLM Feedback in Keystrokes and Revision Patterns
- 2024Closing the Loop: Learning to Generate Writing Feedback via Language Model Simulated Student Revisions
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- 2026How Well Does AI-Generated Feedback Work? Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evaluation across more than 20,000 EFL Essay Drafts
- 2023Let Me Teach You: Pedagogical Foundations of Feedback for Language Models