LiteVGGT: Boosting Vanilla VGGT via Geometry-aware Cached Token Merging
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Token pruning and merging for ViTs
Abstract (arXiv)
3D vision foundation models like Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer (VGGT) have advanced greatly in geometric perception. However, it is time-consuming and memory-intensive for long sequences, limiting application to large-scale scenes beyond hundreds of images. To address this, we propose LiteVGGT, achieving up to 10x speedup and substantial memory reduction, enabling efficient processing of 1000-image scenes. We derive two key insights for 3D reconstruction: (1) tokens from local image regions have inherent geometric correlations, leading to high similarity and computational redundancy; (2) token similarity across adjacent network layers remains stable, allowing for reusable merge decisions. Guided by these, we design a simple yet efficient strategy, dubbed geometry-aware cached token merging. We analyze each token's geometric importance, optimizing anchor token selection to better preserve key information for reconstruction. We also cache and reuse merge indices across layers, substantially reducing latency with minimal accuracy impact. This strategy retains VGGT's core performance, enabling efficient fine-tuning and FP8 quantization for further gains. Extensive experiments validate LiteVGGT's effectiveness, scalability, and robustness. Project page: https://garlicba.github.io/LiteVGGT/
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Token pruning and merging for ViTs, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 49 of its 60 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2025.
Builds on
49 of 60 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2025FastVGGT: Training-Free Acceleration of Visual Geometry Transformer2 Sep
- 2022Token Merging: Your ViT But Faster17 Oct
Other references · 47
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,694
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,764
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,088
- 2023DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easycited by 1,526
- 2025VGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1,475
- 2023Video-LLaMA: An Instruction-tuned Audio-Visual Language Model for Video Understandingcited by 1,461
- 2024Depth Anything V2cited by 1,385
- 2015ORB-SLAM: a Versatile and Accurate Monocular SLAM Systemcited by 983
- 2020NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 857
- 2018MVSNet: Depth Inference for Unstructured Multi-view Stereocited by 780
- 2023ScanNet++: A High-Fidelity Dataset of 3D Indoor Scenescited by 747
35 more
- 2018MegaDepth: Learning Single-View Depth Prediction from Internet Photoscited by 731
- 2023Wonder3D: Single Image to 3D using Cross-Domain Diffusioncited by 682
- 2021Common Objects in 3D: Large-Scale Learning and Evaluation of Real-life 3D Category Reconstructioncited by 646
- 2020Hypersim: A Photorealistic Synthetic Dataset for Holistic Indoor Scene Understandingcited by 593
- 2023MovieChat: From Dense Token to Sparse Memory for Long Video Understandingcited by 536
- 2025Continuous 3D Perception Model with Persistent Statecited by 527
- 2023DL3DV-10K: A Large-Scale Scene Dataset for Deep Learning-based 3D Visioncited by 514
- 2019BlendedMVS: A Large-scale Dataset for Generalized Multi-view Stereo Networkscited by 487
- 2021iMAP: Implicit Mapping and Positioning in Real-Timecited by 476
- 2024MonST3R: A Simple Approach for Estimating Geometry in the Presence of Motioncited by 431
- 2019Cascade Cost Volume for High-Resolution Multi-View Stereo and Stereo Matchingcited by 414
- 2025Fast3R: Towards 3D Reconstruction of 1000+ Images in One Forward Passcited by 356
- 2020Virtual KITTI 2cited by 345
- 2024GS-LRM: Large Reconstruction Model for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 344
- 2021Neural RGB-D Surface Reconstructioncited by 312
- 2018DeepMVS: Learning Multi-view Stereopsiscited by 277
- 2023Token Merging for Fast Stable Diffusioncited by 220
- 2022Learning Video Representations from Large Language Modelscited by 204
- 2024MASt3R-SLAM: Real-Time Dense SLAM with 3D Reconstruction Priorscited by 198
- 2024Splatt3R: Zero-shot Gaussian Splatting from Uncalibrated Image Pairscited by 171
- 2023Aria Digital Twin: A New Benchmark Dataset for Egocentric 3D Machine Perceptioncited by 166
- 2025Streaming 4D Visual Geometry Transformercited by 147
- 2022Variable Bitrate Neural Fieldscited by 116
- 2024RGBD Objects in the Wild: Scaling Real-World 3D Object Learning from RGB-D Videoscited by 113
- 2024Flash3D: Feed-Forward Generalisable 3D Scene Reconstruction from a Single Imagecited by 113
- 2024Align3R: Aligned Monocular Depth Estimation for Dynamic Videoscited by 79
- 2022Efficient Transformers with Dynamic Token Poolingcited by 75
- 2023Contrastive Lift: 3D Object Instance Segmentation by Slow-Fast Contrastive Fusioncited by 62
- 2023PuMer: Pruning and Merging Tokens for Efficient Vision Language Modelscited by 53
- 2022MVSFormer: Multi-View Stereo by Learning Robust Image Features and Temperature-based Depthcited by 50
- 2022Real-Time Neural Light Field on Mobile Devicescited by 48
- 2024Adaptive Fusion of Single-View and Multi-View Depth for Autonomous Drivingcited by 30
- 2020Sparsifying Transformer Models with Trainable Representation Poolingcited by 9
- 2025VLog: Video-Language Models by Generative Retrieval of Narration Vocabularycited by 7
- 2022Exploiting Correspondences with All-pairs Correlations for Multi-view Depth Estimationcited by 2
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Citing papers per year: 2026: 16.
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- 2026Geometry-Guided Camera Motion Understanding in VideoLLMscited by 2
- 2026Reason, Then Re-reason: Cross-view Revisiting Improves Spatial Reasoningcited by 2
- 2026Diversity-aware View Partitioning for Scalable VGGTcited by 2
- 2026Spark3R: Asymmetric Token Reduction Makes Fast Feed-Forward 3D Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2026RegimeVGGT: Layer-Wise Spatially Preserving Redundancy Removal for Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1
- 2026PrePARE: Pre-AA Token Pruning for Frozen Multi-View Geometry Transformerscited by 0
- 2026Not All Tasks Quantize Equally: Fisher-Guided Quantization for Visual Geometry Transformercited by 0
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformerscited by 0
- 2026LiAuto-GeoX: Efficient Grounded Driving Transformercited by 0
- 2026SAF3R: Dynamic Sparse Attention for Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Transformerscited by 0
- 2026G3AR: Graph-Guided Neural Visual Geometry for Scalable Multi-Sequence Aerial Registrationcited by 0
- 2026WALT: Learning World-Model-Aligned Latent Trajectories for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
4 more
- 2026ReSS: Residual-Restoring Sparse Attention for 3D Vision Transformerscited by 0
- 2026OTT3R: Multi-View 3D Reconstruction and Fast Dataset Generation at 1% Computecited by 0
- 2026Does the VGGT Family Need All Its Layers?cited by 0
- 2026Less Context, Better Geometry: Masked Geometric Encoder for Robust 3D Foundation Modelscited by 0
- 2026Less Context, Better Geometry: Masked Geometric Encoder for Robust 3D Foundation Models5 Oct 2026
- 2026Does the VGGT Family Need All Its Layers?29 Sep 2026
- 2026OTT3R: Multi-View 3D Reconstruction and Fast Dataset Generation at 1% Compute28 Sep 2026
- 2026ReSS: Residual-Restoring Sparse Attention for 3D Vision Transformers28 Sep 2026
- 2026WALT: Learning World-Model-Aligned Latent Trajectories for Autonomous Driving24 Sep 2026
- 2026G3AR: Graph-Guided Neural Visual Geometry for Scalable Multi-Sequence Aerial Registration15 Sep 2026
- 2026SAF3R: Dynamic Sparse Attention for Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Transformers3 Jul 2026
- 2026Diversity-aware View Partitioning for Scalable VGGT2 Jul 2026
- 2026RegimeVGGT: Layer-Wise Spatially Preserving Redundancy Removal for Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer16 Jun 2026
- 2026Reason, Then Re-reason: Cross-view Revisiting Improves Spatial Reasoning10 Jun 2026
- 2026LiAuto-GeoX: Efficient Grounded Driving Transformer4 Jun 2026
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformers22 May 2026
4 more
- 2026Not All Tasks Quantize Equally: Fisher-Guided Quantization for Visual Geometry Transformer15 May 2026
- 2026PrePARE: Pre-AA Token Pruning for Frozen Multi-View Geometry Transformers8 May 2026
- 2026Spark3R: Asymmetric Token Reduction Makes Fast Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction7 May 2026
- 2026Geometry-Guided Camera Motion Understanding in VideoLLMs13 Mar 2026
- 2026Geometry-Guided Camera Motion Understanding in VideoLLMscited by 2
- 2026Geometry-Guided Camera Motion Understanding in VideoLLMs13 Mar 2026
- 2026Diversity-aware View Partitioning for Scalable VGGTcited by 2
- 2026RegimeVGGT: Layer-Wise Spatially Preserving Redundancy Removal for Visual Geometry Grounded Transformercited by 1
- 2026Not All Tasks Quantize Equally: Fisher-Guided Quantization for Visual Geometry Transformercited by 0
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformerscited by 0
- 2026LiAuto-GeoX: Efficient Grounded Driving Transformercited by 0
- 2026SAF3R: Dynamic Sparse Attention for Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Transformerscited by 0
- 2026G3AR: Graph-Guided Neural Visual Geometry for Scalable Multi-Sequence Aerial Registrationcited by 0
- 2026ReSS: Residual-Restoring Sparse Attention for 3D Vision Transformerscited by 0
- 2026OTT3R: Multi-View 3D Reconstruction and Fast Dataset Generation at 1% Computecited by 0
- 2026Does the VGGT Family Need All Its Layers?cited by 0
- 2026Does the VGGT Family Need All Its Layers?29 Sep 2026
- 2026OTT3R: Multi-View 3D Reconstruction and Fast Dataset Generation at 1% Compute28 Sep 2026
- 2026ReSS: Residual-Restoring Sparse Attention for 3D Vision Transformers28 Sep 2026
- 2026G3AR: Graph-Guided Neural Visual Geometry for Scalable Multi-Sequence Aerial Registration15 Sep 2026
- 2026SAF3R: Dynamic Sparse Attention for Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction Transformers3 Jul 2026
- 2026Diversity-aware View Partitioning for Scalable VGGT2 Jul 2026
- 2026RegimeVGGT: Layer-Wise Spatially Preserving Redundancy Removal for Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer16 Jun 2026
- 2026LiAuto-GeoX: Efficient Grounded Driving Transformer4 Jun 2026
- 2026Good Token Hunting: A Hitchhiker's Guide to Token Selection for Visual Geometry Transformers22 May 2026
- 2026Not All Tasks Quantize Equally: Fisher-Guided Quantization for Visual Geometry Transformer15 May 2026
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026OVGGT: O(1) Constant-Cost Streaming Visual Geometry Transformer
- 2025HTTM: Head-wise Temporal Token Merging for Faster VGGT
- 2026VGGT-Prime: Compute-Adaptive Mixture-of-Heads for Efficient Visual Geometry Transformers
- 2026XStreamVGGT: Extremely Memory-Efficient Streaming Vision Geometry Grounded Transformer with KV Cache Compression
- 2026XStreamVGGT: Extremely Memory-Efficient Streaming Vision Geometry Grounded Transformer with KV Cache Compression
- 2026FrameVGGT: Coherence-Preserving Memory for Bounded Streaming Geometry
- 2026InfiniteVGGT: Visual Geometry Grounded Transformer for Endless Streams
- 2026Attention Itself Could Retrieve.RetrieveVGGT: Training-Free Long Context Streaming 3D Reconstruction via Query-Key Similarity Retrieval